EP1046146B1 - Fire alarm and fire alarm system - Google Patents

Fire alarm and fire alarm system Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1046146B1
EP1046146B1 EP99939887A EP99939887A EP1046146B1 EP 1046146 B1 EP1046146 B1 EP 1046146B1 EP 99939887 A EP99939887 A EP 99939887A EP 99939887 A EP99939887 A EP 99939887A EP 1046146 B1 EP1046146 B1 EP 1046146B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
fire
escape route
detectors
detector
sensor
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP99939887A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP1046146A1 (en
Inventor
Gerald M. Cordasco
Dieter Wieser
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Siemens AG
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Siemens Building Technologies AG
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Priority to EP99939887A priority Critical patent/EP1046146B1/en
Publication of EP1046146A1 publication Critical patent/EP1046146A1/en
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    • GPHYSICS
    • G08SIGNALLING
    • G08BSIGNALLING OR CALLING SYSTEMS; ORDER TELEGRAPHS; ALARM SYSTEMS
    • G08B17/00Fire alarms; Alarms responsive to explosion
    • G08B17/06Electric actuation of the alarm, e.g. using a thermally-operated switch
    • GPHYSICS
    • G08SIGNALLING
    • G08BSIGNALLING OR CALLING SYSTEMS; ORDER TELEGRAPHS; ALARM SYSTEMS
    • G08B17/00Fire alarms; Alarms responsive to explosion
    • G08B17/12Actuation by presence of radiation or particles, e.g. of infrared radiation or of ions
    • GPHYSICS
    • G08SIGNALLING
    • G08BSIGNALLING OR CALLING SYSTEMS; ORDER TELEGRAPHS; ALARM SYSTEMS
    • G08B17/00Fire alarms; Alarms responsive to explosion
    • G08B17/10Actuation by presence of smoke or gases, e.g. automatic alarm devices for analysing flowing fluid materials by the use of optical means
    • GPHYSICS
    • G08SIGNALLING
    • G08BSIGNALLING OR CALLING SYSTEMS; ORDER TELEGRAPHS; ALARM SYSTEMS
    • G08B29/00Checking or monitoring of signalling or alarm systems; Prevention or correction of operating errors, e.g. preventing unauthorised operation
    • G08B29/18Prevention or correction of operating errors
    • G08B29/183Single detectors using dual technologies
    • GPHYSICS
    • G08SIGNALLING
    • G08BSIGNALLING OR CALLING SYSTEMS; ORDER TELEGRAPHS; ALARM SYSTEMS
    • G08B7/00Signalling systems according to more than one of groups G08B3/00 - G08B6/00; Personal calling systems according to more than one of groups G08B3/00 - G08B6/00
    • G08B7/06Signalling systems according to more than one of groups G08B3/00 - G08B6/00; Personal calling systems according to more than one of groups G08B3/00 - G08B6/00 using electric transmission, e.g. involving audible and visible signalling through the use of sound and light sources
    • G08B7/062Signalling systems according to more than one of groups G08B3/00 - G08B6/00; Personal calling systems according to more than one of groups G08B3/00 - G08B6/00 using electric transmission, e.g. involving audible and visible signalling through the use of sound and light sources indicating emergency exits
    • GPHYSICS
    • G08SIGNALLING
    • G08BSIGNALLING OR CALLING SYSTEMS; ORDER TELEGRAPHS; ALARM SYSTEMS
    • G08B7/00Signalling systems according to more than one of groups G08B3/00 - G08B6/00; Personal calling systems according to more than one of groups G08B3/00 - G08B6/00
    • G08B7/06Signalling systems according to more than one of groups G08B3/00 - G08B6/00; Personal calling systems according to more than one of groups G08B3/00 - G08B6/00 using electric transmission, e.g. involving audible and visible signalling through the use of sound and light sources
    • G08B7/066Signalling systems according to more than one of groups G08B3/00 - G08B6/00; Personal calling systems according to more than one of groups G08B3/00 - G08B6/00 using electric transmission, e.g. involving audible and visible signalling through the use of sound and light sources guiding along a path, e.g. evacuation path lighting strip

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a fire detector with at least one sensor for detection of at least one fire characteristic and with an evaluation circuit, by which at Exceeding a predetermined first value by the respective fire characteristic Alarm is triggered.
  • Has sensors and of all current parameters of the building like for example Type of floor coverings and furniture, presence of combustible material such as paper and Cardboard in rooms and corridors. and so on, has knowledge, it still can not be reliable Provide information about the usability of an escape route.
  • the present invention is in recognition of the fact that human lives are not the calculations be entrusted by expert systems, from a completely different approach and sets itself the task of specifying a fire alarm, in addition to its usual Function of detecting low values of fire parameters with high false alarm safety provides reliable information about the condition of escape routes.
  • a first preferred embodiment of the inventive fire alarm is characterized characterized in that said second value of the fire characteristic is a life-threatening one Represents value.
  • the fire detector according to the invention thus contains at least one for each fire characteristic second threshold above which an alarm signal is triggered, which is the unattainability of the relevant escape route.
  • this can second threshold for example, a lethal flue gas or carbon monoxide or a life-threatening temperature or a life-threatening radiation pressure be, the fire detector is equipped with appropriate sensors.
  • the second or a second threshold receives the control panel or a special Device, such as a pager or the like, a corresponding signal and the Task leader knows that the escape route in question is unusable and thus gets the opportunity. to block this escape route
  • the second threshold can also be a little smaller and a pre-alarm be associated with corresponding third threshold, so that the center also information which escape route with a certain probability in the foreseeable future unusable will be.
  • a second preferred embodiment of the inventive fire detector is characterized by optical and / or acoustic display and / or alarm means, which can be activated by the said alarm signal.
  • These funds can be provided at the detector itself but it is also possible to place them in suitable places at some distance from the Detectors, for example, at the entrances to aisles or staircases to arrange.
  • Another preferred embodiment of the inventive fire detector is marked by a camera for monitoring the space surrounding the detector and by means for controlled transmission of the images respectively registered by the camera to one central evaluation and / or observation station, which preferably part of the center of a Fire alarm system forms.
  • the mission leader has the opportunity to optically access specific rooms or escape routes observe and become aware of dangerous situations that may arise are not recognizable as such by the sensors of the fire detector. In particular be determined whether an escape route structurally / mechanically still intact so far, that he is safe can be used. And there is the possibility of injured or unconscious persons to discover and initiate their salvation.
  • the invention further relates to a fire alarm system with a central, with connected to this Fire detectors, arranged in the area of escape routes and subsequently as escape route detectors designated fire detectors and with an escape route indicator system with adjustable, by the escape route detectors controlled display means.
  • the inventive fire alarm system is characterized in that the escape route detectors by at least one Sensor for the detection of fire detectors with at least one fire characteristic are formed, which when a predetermined first value is exceeded by the respective Fire characteristic trigger an alarm, and that in addition by the at least one sensor a monitoring of a second, higher value of the respective fire characteristic is carried out and if this second value is exceeded, the usability of the escape route in question is exceeded indicating alarm signal is triggered.
  • the mentioned display means may, for example, be simple displays in the form of today usual arrows or elaborate display panels for entire building or building parts or even provided directly to the escape route detectors display means, but in each Case the unavailable escape routes on the basis of the above-mentioned additional monitoring be marked accordingly.
  • the escape route display could be an electronic one Scoreboard be formed on which the free escape routes with green arrows and the locked Escape routes are marked with red crossed-out green arrows.
  • one more appropriate marking of the soon to be unusable escape routes by appropriate Warning symbols take place.
  • a first preferred embodiment of the inventive fire alarm system is characterized characterized in that in the area of escape routes hereinafter referred to as a people counter Means for monitoring the flow of people in the respective escape route, and that the display means are controlled by this monitoring.
  • This embodiment has the advantage that the system reliable information about the Flow of people in the escape routes provides and thus a blockage of congested escape routes allows.
  • a second preferred embodiment of the inventive fire alarm system is characterized in that the escape route detectors and / or the people counter directly with the respective display means are connected.
  • connection from the escape route detectors and / or people counts to the display means via the central office but it may make sense be, for example, as a backup in case of failure. if the escape route control is done locally.
  • a third preferred embodiment of the inventive fire alarm system is characterized characterized in that the people counters are integrated into the escape route detectors
  • a further preferred embodiment of the inventive fire alarm system is characterized through a computer to which all fire detectors and people counters are connected are and provide up-to-date fire and escape route data, by which Calculator in case of alarm, a calculation of the cheapest escape routes and a corresponding Circuit of the display means takes place.
  • the computer with the appropriate software forms with the fire detectors (normal fire detectors plus escape route detectors) and the people counters and the display elements an evacuation system
  • the said software may also include a fire simulation system.
  • a fire simulation system which in alarm-free Condition allows a simulation of the emergency, what for the planning of the plant and the Escape routes is very useful, especially in new or special use of spaces. For example, you can work with such a fire simulation system the system (escape route detector plus people counter plus display elements) for a given Population of the building and a given risk software play through and the facility test and optimize.
  • the evacuation in case of an alarm must not be based on a theoretical fire simulation model but it must be based on the actual circumstances and supplied by the escape and personal counter data.
  • the evacuation system according to the invention differs significantly from all fire or evacuation simulation models, to which no people counters and / or escape route detectors are connected.
  • the evacuation system can additionally provide a graphic representation of the building and local hazard, which can be very useful to the chief of operations.
  • the inventive fire alarm system with a "voice system" be connected
  • the people counters are designed in the manner of a light barrier or a light curtain and equipped to count the persons passing their detection area.
  • the people count can be done by image processing, for example a camera is used in CMOS technology.
  • the section shown in Fig. 1 of an inventive fire alarm system shows an escape route master F and a people counter P, with a central 12 and a Escape route indicator 13 are connected.
  • the escape route detector F contains an optical fire detector 1, for example, a scattered light or a NOTExtinkomsmelder. the extra one Sensors for fire characteristics is extended.
  • These additional sensors are a CO sensor 14, which forms the actual heart of the escape route detector F, and a temperature sensor 15; if necessary, a radiation pressure sensor (not shown) can also be provided be provided.
  • the CO sensor is therefore considered the centerpiece because by far the largest number of fatalities in fires are due to CO poisoning.
  • a suitable CO sensor is described in EP-B-0 612 408 (see also EP-A-0 803 850), NTC thermistors have proven to be suitable as temperature sensors (see the PolyRex smoke detector of the AlgoRex fire alarm system, PolyRex and AlgoRex registered trademarks of Cerberus AG).
  • the escape route detector F includes a camera 2 in addition to the fire detector 1.
  • the fire detector 1 shown consists in a known manner from a detector insert 3, the in a base (not shown) can be fastened, and from a put over the detector insert 3 Detector hood 4. which is provided with smoke inlet openings 5 in the region of its summit.
  • the Detector insert 3 essentially contains an optical module 6 and evaluation electronics 7.
  • the optical module 6 consists essentially of a light source in a scattered light detector 8 and a light receiver 9 containing measuring chamber 10, which by not shown Medium against external light is shielded from the outside.
  • the optical axes of an infrared or a red or blue light emitting diode (IRED or LED) formed light source 8 and the Light receiver 9 are kinked to each other, with this course and by blinding is prevented, that light rays on direct route from the light source 8 to the light receiver 9 can get.
  • the light source 8 sends short, intense light pulses in the ais scattering space designated central part of the measuring chamber 10, wherein the light receiver 9 while the scattering space, but not the light source 8 "sees".
  • the light of the light source 8 is scattered by penetrating into the scattering room smoke, and a Part of this scattered light falls on the light receiver 9.
  • the receiver signal generated thereby is processed by the transmitter 7.
  • the receiver signal is in known manner compared with an alarm threshold and at least one Voralarmschwelle, and the transmitter 7 is when exceeded the following as a fire alarm threshold designated alarm threshold by the receiver signal at an output 11 a Alarm signal off. It is by intelligent signal processing using, for example Fuzzy logic or a neural network, ensures that the delivery of the Alarm signal at the lowest possible smoke levels, but without being too unacceptable Fehialarmen comes.
  • the transmitter 7 contains another, below alarm threshold called escape route alarm threshold, which is much higher as the fire alarm threshold and a life-threatening smoke density value of for example 10% per meter corresponds.
  • escape route alarm threshold is much higher as the fire alarm threshold and a life-threatening smoke density value of for example 10% per meter corresponds.
  • the transmitter 7 must be designed this way be that a correspondingly large dynamic range can be processed.
  • the said bit is sent to the central unit 12 of the fire alarm system and optionally to a associated with the relevant fire detector and controlled by this, adjustable escape route display 13 and ensures that the monitored by the fire detector concerned Escape route is blocked, either via central 12 or directly through the with the escape route associated with the detector.
  • the latter may, for example, be one of the usual illuminated displays for an emergency exit, which in the case of passability green and in the case of impassability red lights, the colors by corresponding pictograms can be supported.
  • the information "escape route uncertain" can also be sent remotely be transmitted to the advancing fire department.
  • the transmitter 7 also contains for the CO sensor 14 and and the temperature sensor 15 fire alarm thresholds and additional escape route alarm thresholds, with the escape route alarm threshold of the CO sensor 14, for example, 1000 to 1500 ppm CO and the escape route alarm threshold of the temperature sensor 15, for example, about 60 ° C corresponds.
  • the receiver signals of the CO sensor 14 and the temperature sensor 15 and delivers when exceeding the relevant escape route alarm thresholds a corresponding signal to the output 11, so that here also an additional bit for "escape route free” or "escape route unsafe" to the control center 12 or to the detector connected escape route indicator 13 and the escape route in the case of "escape route uncertain" is locked.
  • the passenger counter P is formed in the manner of a light barrier or a light curtain and consists for example of two active infrared detectors, each having an active light source and contain a receiver with an evaluation. Such an arrangement is for example in EP-A-0 845 765.
  • the passenger counter P either directly or via the escape route detector F is connected to the center 12 and the escape route display 13 counts the flow of people in the relevant escape route.
  • the measured value is in the corresponding Evaluation electronics, either in the passenger P or in the escape route detector F or optionally provided in the center 12 is compared with a Alarmserwellenwert be When the escape route indicator 13 is exceeded, it is controlled such that a blockage of the the relevant escape route.
  • the passenger counter P can be integrated into the escape route detector F or be installed separately from it.
  • the camera 2 is preferably in a connected to the fire detector 1 or to this arranged support member 16 is arranged, which is not shown a stage for processing the camera signals whose output is connected to the transmitter 7.
  • the Although camera 2 is always ready to shoot, it does not deliver any pictures of the supervised camera Room to the control center 12. The latter takes place only on the basis of a corresponding command from the control center 12. In this way, the operations manager is given the option of remotely controlled escape routes to control and block them if, in his estimation, they no longer work are safe. In addition, he can observe the events in the escape routes, which injured or unconscious persons can be specifically rescued in a timely manner. It would be also possible to use the camera for people counting.
  • the camera 2 can also by exceeding an escape route threshold of Escape route detector F or the person counter P are automatically activated and images to the Send center 12. It is essential that the example formed by a data bus Connection between detector 1 and center 12 in the alarm stage not by image signals the camera 2 is clogged, so that alarm signals from the various sensors at any time and without Delay can reach the center 12. On the other hand, it is at the time where the Sensors have responded and fire alarm has already been triggered, or an escape route alarm threshold has been exceeded, more important that the operations manager to monitor the escape routes because it dramatically improves the chances of saving lives becomes.
  • the camera 2 is not structurally connected to the detector 1, but can even at some distance from this be angeordent, but what an additional Wiring effort required.
  • a camera 2 is preferably a camera in CMOS technology used, wherein the processor of the detector 1, the images taken by the camera compressed so that these with a frequency of about 5 frames per minute over a usual Data bus can be transmitted, the transmission rate of the occupancy of the Bus is dependent.
  • the center 12 may include a computer with suitable evacuation software which all passenger counter P and all fire detectors of the plant, the escape route detectors F and the "normal" fire detectors. are connected A suitable software tool for this purpose is known as "Exodus”.
  • the fire detectors provide current information Fire and escape route data and the persons paying P also current escape route data the calculator, which calculates the most favorable escape routes based on this data and the Escape route displays 13 switches accordingly.
  • the control center 12 with the computer and the connected peripheral devices forms an evacuation system, which can be supplemented by a fire simulation software.
  • a fire simulation software allows in case of fire a simulation of the emergency, what for the planning of the plant and the escape routes or in new or special use of spaces can be very useful.
  • Fig. 2 shows a schematic representation of a rectangular staircase S, in which four Side channels G open.
  • the staircase S is closed to each side passage G by a door T, an escape route indicator 13 is arranged on each of its two sides.
  • the side-rail side Escape route reminder is indicated at 13 and the TDenhaus workede at 13 '.
  • escape route detectors F are also installed, where the escape route or the escape route detectors in the staircase S with the side exit emergency exit 13 are connected.
  • Each escape route detector F in a side passage G is with the at the Stiegenhausseite of the respective Se- tengang final door T arranged Escape route indicator 13 'connected.
  • people counters P are arranged, which are arranged above their proximity Escape route finder F or directly with the on the staircase side of the concerned side corridor G final door T arranged escape route indicator 13 'are connected.
  • stairwell S can also be arranged people counter P; but preferably the Flow of people in Stiegenhaus S from the data in Stiegenhaus S and from this branching lateral G calculated
  • escape route or the escape route F in Stiegenhaus S is exceeded by an escape route alarm threshold register or if the values of the passenger counter P on an overcrowding of Stiegenhauses S point out, then all assigned sideways escape route displays 13 switched to impassable, bringing the access from the side corridors G in the stairwell S is locked. If an escape route detector F or a passenger counter P in a side corridor G registers an excess of an escape route alarm threshold. then the escape route display 13 'on the staircase side of this side passage closing door T on impassable switched and thus blocked access to this side corridor.
  • escape route displays throughout the building or in the individual Floors or building tracts, thus creating the possibility of Commands for locking escape routes from escape route display to escape route display pass on, so that it is ensured that in each case the foremost indication of each escape route indicates its current state.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Business, Economics & Management (AREA)
  • Emergency Management (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Computer Security & Cryptography (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • Fire Alarms (AREA)
  • Alarm Systems (AREA)
  • Fire-Detection Mechanisms (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a fire alarm (F) comprising at least one sensor (6, 14, 15) for detecting fire parameters and an evaluation circuit (7) which triggers an alarm signal if a defined first value is exceeded by a corresponding fire parameter. The at least one sensor (6, 14, 15) also monitors a second, greater value of the fire parameter concerned and if said second value is exceeded triggers an alarm signal which indicates that a corresponding escape route can no longer be used. The fire alarm system comprises a central unit (12) to which fire alarms (F) are connected and an escape route indicator system with adjustable indicator means (13). In the area of the escape routes the invention further provides for fire alarms, referred to hereafter as escape route indicators (F), for the additional monitoring of fire parameters for life-threatening values, and/or means for monitoring the people flow along a corresponding escape route, referred to as people flow meters (P). The indicator means (13) are controlled on the basis of said additional monitoring.

Description

Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft einen Brandmelder mit mindestens einem Sensor zur Detektion von mindestens einer Brandkenngrösse und mit einer Auswerteschaltung, durch welche bei Überschreiten eines vorgegebenen ersten Wertes durch die jeweilige Brandkenngrösse ein Alarm ausgelöst wird.The present invention relates to a fire detector with at least one sensor for detection of at least one fire characteristic and with an evaluation circuit, by which at Exceeding a predetermined first value by the respective fire characteristic Alarm is triggered.

Bekannte Brandmelder dieser Art sind, unabhängig vom verwendeten Detektionsprinzip, so ausgelegt, dass die Alarmauslösung bei möglichst tiefen Werten der Brandkenngrössen erfolgt, ohne dass es dabei jedoch zu unakzeptablen Fehlalarmen kommt. Durch insbesondere in den letzten Jahren erfolgte Verbesserungen sowohl auf seiten der Sensoren als auch bei der Verarbeitung und Auswertung der Sensorsignale, haben heute einige Brandmeldertypen einen Standard erreicht, bei dem diese beiden Forderungen voll erfüllt sind, wie beispielsweise die in der EP-A-0 654 770, EP-A-0 654 771, EP-A-0 660 282, EP-A-0 718 814, EP-A-0 821 330 und WO-A-98/15931 beschriebenen Melder.Known fire alarms of this type, regardless of the detection principle used, so designed so that the alarm is triggered at the lowest possible values of the fire parameters, without, however, causing unacceptable false alarms. Especially in the Improvements have been made in recent years both on the part of the sensors and in the processing and evaluation of sensor signals, today some fire detector types have a standard reached, in which these two requirements are fully met, such as those in the EP-A-0 654 770, EP-A-0 654 771, EP-A-0 660 282, EP-A-0 718 814, EP-A-0 821 330 and WO-A-98/15931 described detector.

Da die Auslösung eines Brandalarms in der Regel nicht verhindert, dass sich der Brand weiterentwickelt, es sei denn, der Alarm würde eine automatische Löschung in Gang setzen, wird es im Brandfall oft dazu kommen, dass ein brennendes Gebäude evakuiert werden muss. In einem solchen Fall ist es einerseits für die zu evakuierenden Personen wichtig zu wissen, welches und wo die sicheren Fluchtwege sind, und es ist auch für den Einsatzleiter der Feuerwehr wichtig, über diese Information zu verfügen. So nützt es beispielsweise wenig bis gar nichts, wenn ein Hotelgast in seinem Zimmer zwar Angaben über den möglichen Fluchtweg vorfindet, ohne gleichzeitig darüber informiert zu werden, ob dieser oder welcher Fluchtweg noch sicher ist.Since triggering a fire alarm usually does not prevent the fire from evolving, unless the alarm would trigger an automatic deletion, it will In case of fire often come that a burning building must be evacuated. In one In such a case, it is important for the persons to be evacuated to know which and where the safe escape routes are, and it's also important for the fire chief to have this information. For example, it is of little or no use if one Hotel guest in his room although information about the possible escape route finds, without At the same time to be informed whether this or which escape route is still safe.

Bei den sogenannten "Voice-Systemen" erhallen zwar die im brennenden Gebäude befindlichen Personen akustische Evakuationshinweise, wobei sich aber in der Regel der jeweilige Hinweisgeber, also beispielsweise der Einsatzleiter, nicht rasch und zuverlässig vergewissern kann, welche Fluchtwege noch gefahrlos zu benützen sind.In the case of the so-called "voice systems", those located in the burning building are received Persons acoustic evacuation instructions, but as a rule the respective informant, So, for example, the dispatcher can not make sure quickly and reliably, which escape routes are still safe to use.

Es gibt zwar heute Simulationssysteme, mit denen Vorhersagen über die Ausbreitung eines Brandes möglich sind. Aber selbst wenn man unterstellt, dass ein solches System über alle erforderlichen Sensoren verfügt und von allen aktuellen Parametern des Gebäudes. wie beispielsweise Art der Bodenbeläge und Möbel, Vorhandensein von brennbarem Material wie Papier und Karton in Räumen und Gängen. und so weiter, Kenntnis hat, kann es immer noch keine zuverlässige Aussage uber die Benutzbarkeit eines Fluchtwegs liefern. Although there are today simulation systems that predict the spread of a Brandes are possible. But even assuming that such a system is above all required Has sensors and of all current parameters of the building. like for example Type of floor coverings and furniture, presence of combustible material such as paper and Cardboard in rooms and corridors. and so on, has knowledge, it still can not be reliable Provide information about the usability of an escape route.

So ist beispielsweise in der DE-A-196 44 127 ein Evakuierungssystem mit einer variablen, an die jeweilige Gefahrensituation anpassbaren, Rettungsweg-Beschilderung beschrieben, welches Detektoren zur Gefahrenerkennung- und -lokalisierung, eine zentrale Erfassung zur automatischen Aktivierung des Evakuierungssystems und eine risikoorientierte, automatische Ansteuerung der Rettungsweg-Beschilderung aufweist, wobei jedoch genauere Angaben über die praktische Realisierung dieses Systems fehlen. So wird zwar gesagt, dass im Brandfall das Gefahrenpotential online ermittelt und ein optimierter Evakuierungsplan bestimmt wird, mit Ausnahme eines Hinweises auf ein sogenanntes Modular People Saving Expert System fehlen aber sämtliche Angaben, wie eine zuverlässige Ermittlung des Gefahrenpotentials erfolgen soll. Denn für einen optimierten Evakuierungsplan kann es ja nicht ausreichen, zu wissen, wo es brennt, und wie sich dieser Brand vielleicht ausbreiten wird, sondern es sind konkrete und nicht bloss berechnete Informationen über die Benützbarkeit der Fluchtwege erforderlich.For example, in DE-A-196 44 127 an evacuation system with a variable, to the respective hazard situation customizable, rescue route signage described which Detectors for hazard detection and localization, a central detection for automatic Activation of the evacuation system and a risk-oriented, automatic control the rescue route signage, but with more details about the practical realization of this system is missing. So it is said that in case of fire, the potential danger determined online and an optimized evacuation plan is determined, with the exception However, a reference to a so-called Modular People Saving Expert System is missing All information on how a reliable determination of the hazard potential should take place. Because for an optimized evacuation plan it may not be enough to know where it is burning and how this fire may spread, but it is concrete and not merely Calculated information about the usability of escape routes required.

Die vorliegende Erfindung geht in Erkenntnis der Tatsache, dass Menschenleben nicht den Berechnungen von Expertensystemen anvertraut werden dürfen, von einem ganz anderen Ansatz aus und stellt sich die Aufgabe einen Brandmelder anzugeben, der zusätzlich zu seiner üblichen Funktion der Erkennung geringer Werte von Brandkenngrössen bei hoher Fehlalarmsicherheit zuverlässige Informationen über den Zustand von Fluchtwegen liefert.The present invention is in recognition of the fact that human lives are not the calculations be entrusted by expert systems, from a completely different approach and sets itself the task of specifying a fire alarm, in addition to its usual Function of detecting low values of fire parameters with high false alarm safety provides reliable information about the condition of escape routes.

Diese Aufgabe wird erfindungsgemäss dadurch gelöst, dass durch den mindestens einen Sensor zusätzlich eine Überwachung eines zweiten, höheren Wertes der jeweiligen Brandkenngrösse erfolgt, und dass bei Überschreiten dieses zweiten Wertes ein die Unbenützbarkeit des betreffenden Fluchtwegs anzeigendes Alarmsignal ausgelöst wird.This object is achieved according to the invention by the at least one sensor In addition, a monitoring of a second, higher value of the respective fire characteristic takes place, and that if this second value is exceeded the inoperability of the relevant Escape route indicating alarm signal is triggered.

Ein erstes bevorzugtes Ausführungsbeispiel des erfindungsgemässen Brandmelders ist dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der genannte zweite Wert der Brandkenngrösse einen lebensbedrohenden Wert darstellt.A first preferred embodiment of the inventive fire alarm is characterized characterized in that said second value of the fire characteristic is a life-threatening one Represents value.

Der erfindungsgemässe Brandmelder enthält also für jede Brandkenngrösse mindestens einen zweiten Schwellwert, bei dessen Überschreiten ein Alarmsignal ausgelöst wird, welches die Unbenützbarkeit des betreffenden Fluchtwegs anzeigt. Je nach Brandkenngrösse kann dieser zweite Schwellwert beispielsweise eine lebensgefährliche Rauchgas- oder Kohlenmonoxidkonzentration oder eine lebensgefährliche Temperatur oder auch ein lebensgefährlicher Strahlungsdruck sein, wobei der Brandmelder mit entsprechenden Sensoren ausgerüstet ist. Sobald der zweite oder ein zweiter Schwellwert überschritten wird, erhält die Zentrale oder ein spezielles Gerät, wie beispielsweise ein Pager oder dergleichen, ein entsprechendes Signal und der Einsatzleiter weiss, dass der betreffende Fluchtweg unbenützbar ist und erhält damit die Möglichkeit. diesen Fluchtweg zu sperren Selbstverständlich kann dem zweiten Schwellwert auch ein etwas kleinerer und einem Voralarm entsprechender dritter Schwellwert zugeordnet sein, so dass die Zentrale auch Informationen erhält, welcher Fluchtweg mit einer gewissen Wahrscheinlichkeit in absehbarer Zeit unbenützbar werden wird.The fire detector according to the invention thus contains at least one for each fire characteristic second threshold above which an alarm signal is triggered, which is the unattainability of the relevant escape route. Depending on the fire characteristic this can second threshold, for example, a lethal flue gas or carbon monoxide or a life-threatening temperature or a life-threatening radiation pressure be, the fire detector is equipped with appropriate sensors. As soon as the second or a second threshold is exceeded, receives the control panel or a special Device, such as a pager or the like, a corresponding signal and the Task leader knows that the escape route in question is unusable and thus gets the opportunity. to block this escape route Of course, the second threshold can also be a little smaller and a pre-alarm be associated with corresponding third threshold, so that the center also information which escape route with a certain probability in the foreseeable future unusable will be.

Ein zweites bevorzugtes Ausführungsbeispiel des erfindungsgemässen Brandmelders ist gekennzeichnet durch optische und/oder akustische Anzeige- und/oder Alarmierungsmittel, welche durch das genannte Alarmsignal aktivierbar sind. Diese Mittel können am Melder selbst vorgesehen sein, es ist aber auch möglich, sie an geeigneten Stellen in einiger Entfernung von den Meldern, beispielsweise an den Zugängen zu Gängen oder Stiegenhäusern, anzuordnen.A second preferred embodiment of the inventive fire detector is characterized by optical and / or acoustic display and / or alarm means, which can be activated by the said alarm signal. These funds can be provided at the detector itself but it is also possible to place them in suitable places at some distance from the Detectors, for example, at the entrances to aisles or staircases to arrange.

Ein weiteres bevorzugtes Ausführungsbeispiel des erfindungsgemässen Brandmelders ist gekennzeichnet durch eine Kamera zur Überwachung des den Melder umgebenden Raumes und durch Mittel zur gesteuerten Übertragung der von der Kamera jeweils registrierten Bilder an eine zentrale Auswerte- und/oder Beobachtungsstation, welche vorzugsweise Teil der Zentrale eines Brandmeldesystems bildet.Another preferred embodiment of the inventive fire detector is marked by a camera for monitoring the space surrounding the detector and by means for controlled transmission of the images respectively registered by the camera to one central evaluation and / or observation station, which preferably part of the center of a Fire alarm system forms.

Während bei den bisher beschriebenen Ausführungsformen die Informationen nur in der Richtung von den Meldern zur Zentrale fliessen und die Zentrale oder der dort postierte Einsatzleiter auf den Informationsfluss keinen Einfluss hat, eröffnet der mit der Kamera ausgerüstete Brandmelder dem Einsatzleiter die Möglichkeit, bestimmte Räume oder Fluchtwege gezielt optisch zu beobachten und dabei auf Gefahrensituationen aufmerksam zu werden, die möglicherweise durch die Sensoren des Brandmelders nicht als solche erkennbar sind. So kann insbesondere festgestellt werden, ob ein Fluchtweg baulich/mechanisch noch so weit intakt ist, dass er gefahrlos benutzt werden kann. Und es besteht die Möglichkeit, verletzte oder bewusstlose Personen zu entdecken und deren Rettung in die Wege zu leiten.While in the embodiments described so far, the information is only in the direction from the detectors to the central office and the headquarters or the dispatcher posted there the information flow has no influence, opens the equipped with the camera fire detector The mission leader has the opportunity to optically access specific rooms or escape routes observe and become aware of dangerous situations that may arise are not recognizable as such by the sensors of the fire detector. In particular be determined whether an escape route structurally / mechanically still intact so far, that he is safe can be used. And there is the possibility of injured or unconscious persons to discover and initiate their salvation.

Die Erfindung betrifft weiter eine Brandmeldeanlage mit einer Zentrale, mit an diese angeschlossenen Brandmeldern, mit im Bereich der Fluchtwege angeordneten und nachfolgend als Fluchtwegmelder bezeichneten Brandmeldern und mit einem Fluchtweganzeigesystem mit verstellbaren, durch die Fluchtwegmelder gesteuerten Anzeigemitteln. Die erfindungsgemässe Brandmeldeanlage ist dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Fluchtwegmelder durch mindestens einen Sensor für die Detektion von mindestens einer Brandkenngrösse aufweisende Brandmelder gebildet sind, welche bei Überschreiten eines vorgegebenen ersten Wertes durch die jeweilige Brandkenngrösse einen Alarm auslösen, und dass durch den mindestens einen Sensor zusätzlich eine Überwachung eines zweiten, höheren Wertes der jeweiligen Brandkenngrösse erfolgt und bei Überschreiten dieses zweiten Wertes ein die Unbenützbarkeit des betreffenden Fluchtwegs anzeigendes Alarmsignal ausgelöst wird. The invention further relates to a fire alarm system with a central, with connected to this Fire detectors, arranged in the area of escape routes and subsequently as escape route detectors designated fire detectors and with an escape route indicator system with adjustable, by the escape route detectors controlled display means. The inventive fire alarm system is characterized in that the escape route detectors by at least one Sensor for the detection of fire detectors with at least one fire characteristic are formed, which when a predetermined first value is exceeded by the respective Fire characteristic trigger an alarm, and that in addition by the at least one sensor a monitoring of a second, higher value of the respective fire characteristic is carried out and if this second value is exceeded, the usability of the escape route in question is exceeded indicating alarm signal is triggered.

Aus der US-A-4,796,018 ist ein Fluchtführungssystem bekannt, welches in Gängen und Stiegenhäusern angeordnete Rauchdichtedetektoren und von diesen gesteuerte Fluchtweganzeigen aufweist. Das Fluchtführungssystem ist an die Zentrale einer Brandmeldeanlage angeschlossen, welche eine Mehrzahl von Melderlinien mit einer Vielzahl von Brandmeldern aufweist.From US-A-4,796,018 an escape guide system is known which in aisles and Staircases arranged smoke density detectors and controlled by these escape route displays having. The escape route system is to the control center of a fire alarm system connected, which has a plurality of detector lines with a variety of fire detectors having.

Die genannten Anzeigemittel können beispielsweise einfache Anzeigen in der Form der heute üblichen Pfeile oder auch aufwendige Anzeigetableaus für ganze Gebäude- oder Gebäudeteile oder auch direkt an den Fluchtwegmeldern vorgesehene Anzeigemittel sein, wobei aber in jedem Fall die nicht benützbaren Fluchtwege anhand der genannten zusätzlichen Überwachung entsprechend markiert werden. The mentioned display means may, for example, be simple displays in the form of today usual arrows or elaborate display panels for entire building or building parts or even provided directly to the escape route detectors display means, but in each Case the unavailable escape routes on the basis of the above-mentioned additional monitoring be marked accordingly.

In einem Hotelzimmer könnte die Fluchtweganzeige beispielsweise durch eine elektronische Anzeigetafel gebildet sein, auf der die freien Fluchtwege mit grünen Pfeilen und die gesperrten Fluchtwege mit rot durchgekreuzten grünen Pfeilen markiert sind. Zusätzlich kann noch eine entsprechende Markierung der demnächst unbenützbar werdenden Fluchtwege durch geeignete Warnsymbole erfolgen.For example, in a hotel room, the escape route display could be an electronic one Scoreboard be formed on which the free escape routes with green arrows and the locked Escape routes are marked with red crossed-out green arrows. In addition, one more appropriate marking of the soon to be unusable escape routes by appropriate Warning symbols take place.

Eine erste bevorzugte Ausführungsform der erfindungsgemässen Brandmeldeanlage ist dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass im Bereich der Fluchtwege nachfolgend als Personenzähler bezeichnete Mittel zur Überwachung des Personenflusses im jeweiligen Fluchtweg angeordnet, und dass die Anzeigemittel anhand dieser Überwachung gesteuert sind.A first preferred embodiment of the inventive fire alarm system is characterized characterized in that in the area of escape routes hereinafter referred to as a people counter Means for monitoring the flow of people in the respective escape route, and that the display means are controlled by this monitoring.

Diese Ausführungsform hat den Vorteil, dass das System zuverlässige Informationen über den Personenfluss in den Fluchtwegen liefert und dadurch eine Sperrung überlasteter Fluchtwege ermöglicht.This embodiment has the advantage that the system reliable information about the Flow of people in the escape routes provides and thus a blockage of congested escape routes allows.

Eine zweite bevorzugte Ausführungsform der erfindungsgemässen Brandmeldeanlage ist dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Fluchtwegmelder und/oder die Personenzähler direkt mit den jeweiligen Anzeigemitteln verbunden sind.A second preferred embodiment of the inventive fire alarm system is characterized in that the escape route detectors and / or the people counter directly with the respective display means are connected.

In diesem Fall erfolgt also eine lokale Fluchtwegsteuerung, wobei beispielsweise ein in einem Gang installierter Fluchtwegmelder und/oder Personenzähler mit der am Zugang zu diesem Gang angeordneten Anzeige verbunden ist. Analog sind die in einem Stiegenhaus oder in einem Hauptgang montierten Fluchtwegmelder und/oder Personenzähler mit den in den Zugängen oder Seitengängen zum Stiegenhaus oder zum Hauptgang montierten Anzeigen verbunden, so dass diese Zugänge bzw. Seitengänge als unbenützbar markiert werden könnten.In this case, therefore, there is a local escape route control, for example, one in a Gang installed escape route and / or people counter with the access to this Gang arranged display is connected. Analogous are those in a staircase or in a main hallway mounted escape route and / or people counter with the in the entrances or side corridors connected to the staircase or main passage-mounted displays, so that these entrances or side corridors could be marked as unusable.

Selbstverständlich kann die Verbindung von den Fluchtwegmeldern und/oder Personenzählern zu den Anzeigemitteln auch über die Zentrale verlaufen, es kann aber unter Umständen sinnvoll sein, beispielsweise als Sicherung bei Ausfällen. wenn die Fluchtwegsteuerung lokal erfolgt.Of course, the connection from the escape route detectors and / or people counts to the display means via the central office, but it may make sense be, for example, as a backup in case of failure. if the escape route control is done locally.

Eine dritte bevorzugte Ausführungsform der erfindungsgemässen Brandmeldeanlage ist dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Personenzähler in die Fluchtwegmelder integriert sindA third preferred embodiment of the inventive fire alarm system is characterized characterized in that the people counters are integrated into the escape route detectors

Eine weitere bevorzugte Ausführungsform der erfindungsgemässen Brandmeldeanlage ist gekennzeichnet durch einen Rechner, an welchen alle Brandmelder und Personenzähler angeschlossen sind und aktuelle Brand- und Fluchtwegdaten liefern, wobei durch den genannten Rechner im Alarmfall eine Berechnung der günstigsten Fluchtwege und eine entsprechende Schaltung der Anzeigemittel erfolgt. Der Rechner mit der entsprechenden Software bildet mit den Brandmeldern (normale Brandmelder plus Fluchtwegmelder) und den Personenzählern und den Anzeigeelementen ein Evakuierungssystem A further preferred embodiment of the inventive fire alarm system is characterized through a computer to which all fire detectors and people counters are connected are and provide up-to-date fire and escape route data, by which Calculator in case of alarm, a calculation of the cheapest escape routes and a corresponding Circuit of the display means takes place. The computer with the appropriate software forms with the fire detectors (normal fire detectors plus escape route detectors) and the people counters and the display elements an evacuation system

Die genannte Software kann auch ein Brandsimulationssystem enthalten. welches im alarmfreien Zustand eine Simulation des Ernstfalls erlaubt, was für die Planung der Anlage und der Fluchtwege sehr nützlich ist, insbesondere auch bei neuer oder besonderer Nutzung von Räumen. Man kann mit einem solchen Brandsimulationssystem beispielsweise das Funktionieren der Anlage (Fluchtwegmelder plus Personenzähler plus Anzeigeelemente) für eine gegebene Population des Gebäudes und eine gegebene Gefahr softwaremässig durchspielen und die Anlage testen und optimieren.The said software may also include a fire simulation system. which in alarm-free Condition allows a simulation of the emergency, what for the planning of the plant and the Escape routes is very useful, especially in new or special use of spaces. For example, you can work with such a fire simulation system the system (escape route detector plus people counter plus display elements) for a given Population of the building and a given risk software play through and the facility test and optimize.

Die Evakuierung im Alarmfall darf aber nicht von einem theoretischen Brandsimulationsmodell ausgehen, sondern muss anhand der tatsächlichen Gegebenheiten erfolgen und diese werden durch die Fluchtmelder- und die Personenzählerdaten geliefert. Das erfindungsgemässe Evakuierungssystem unterscheidet sich somit wesentlich von allen Brand- oder Evakuationssimulationsmodellen, an die keine Personenzähler und/oder Fluchtwegmelder angeschlossen sind.However, the evacuation in case of an alarm must not be based on a theoretical fire simulation model but it must be based on the actual circumstances and supplied by the escape and personal counter data. The evacuation system according to the invention differs significantly from all fire or evacuation simulation models, to which no people counters and / or escape route detectors are connected.

Darüber hinaus kann das Evakuierungssystem zusätzlich eine grafische Darstellung des Gebäudes und der örtlichen Gefährdung liefern, was für den Einsatzleiter sehr nützlich sein kann. Ausserdem kann die erfindungsgemässe Brandmeldeanlage auch mit einem "Voice-System" verbunden seinIn addition, the evacuation system can additionally provide a graphic representation of the building and local hazard, which can be very useful to the chief of operations. In addition, the inventive fire alarm system with a "voice system" be connected

Gemäss einer weiteren bevorzugten Ausführungsform der erfindungsgemässen Brandmeldeanlage sind die Personenzähler in der Art einer Lichtschranke oder eines Lichtvorhangs ausgebildet und zur Zählung der ihren Detektionsbereich passierenden Personen ausgerüstet. Als weitere Variante kann die Personenzählung durch Bildverarbeitung erfolgen, wobei beispielsweise eine Kamera in CMOS-Technik verwendet wird.According to a further preferred embodiment of the inventive fire alarm system the people counters are designed in the manner of a light barrier or a light curtain and equipped to count the persons passing their detection area. When Another variant, the people count can be done by image processing, for example a camera is used in CMOS technology.

Im folgenden wird die Erfindung anhand eines Ausführungsbeispiels und der Zeichnungen näher erläutert; es zeigt:

Fig. 1
ein erstes schematisches Detail einer erfindungsgemässen Brandmeldeanlage; und
Fig. 2
ein zweites schematisches Detail einer erfindungsgemässen Brandmeldeanlage.
In the following the invention with reference to an embodiment and the drawings will be explained in more detail; it shows:
Fig. 1
a first schematic detail of a fire alarm system according to the invention; and
Fig. 2
a second schematic detail of an inventive fire alarm system.

Der in Fig. 1 dargestellte Ausschnitt aus einer erfindungsgemässen Brandmeldeanlage zeigt einen Fluchtwegmeider F und einen Personenzähler P, die mit einer Zentrale 12 und einer Fluchtweganzeige 13 verbunden sind. Der Fluchtwegmelder F enthält einen optischen Brandmelder 1, beispielsweise einen Streulicht- oder einen Punktextinktionsmelder. der um zusätzliche Sensoren für Brandkenngrössen erweitert ist. Diese zusätzlichen Sensoren sind ein CO-Sensor 14, der das eigentliche Kernstück des Fluchtwegmelders F bildet, und ein Temperatursensor 15; gegebenenfalls kann auch noch ein Strahlungsdrucksensor (nicht dargestellt) vorgesehen sein. The section shown in Fig. 1 of an inventive fire alarm system shows an escape route master F and a people counter P, with a central 12 and a Escape route indicator 13 are connected. The escape route detector F contains an optical fire detector 1, for example, a scattered light or a Punktxtinktionsmelder. the extra one Sensors for fire characteristics is extended. These additional sensors are a CO sensor 14, which forms the actual heart of the escape route detector F, and a temperature sensor 15; if necessary, a radiation pressure sensor (not shown) can also be provided be provided.

Der CO-Sensor ist deswegen als Kernstück bezeichnet, weil weitaus die meisten Todesopfer bei Bränden auf CO-Vergiftung zurückzuführen sind. Ein geeigneter CO-Sensor ist in der EP-B-0 612 408 beschrieben (siehe auch EP-A-0 803 850), als Temperatursensoren haben sich NTC-Thermistoren bewährt (siehe dazu den Rauchmelder PolyRex des Brandmeldesystems AlgoRex; PolyRex und AlgoRex sind eingetragene Warenzeichen der Cerberus AG).The CO sensor is therefore considered the centerpiece because by far the largest number of fatalities in fires are due to CO poisoning. A suitable CO sensor is described in EP-B-0 612 408 (see also EP-A-0 803 850), NTC thermistors have proven to be suitable as temperature sensors (see the PolyRex smoke detector of the AlgoRex fire alarm system, PolyRex and AlgoRex registered trademarks of Cerberus AG).

Da optische Melder in der Art des Brandmelders 1 als bekannt vorausgesetzt werden, werden sie hier nicht näher beschrieben. Es wird in diesem Zusammenhang auf die folgenden Patentanmeldungen verwiesen: EP-A-0 616 305, EP-A-0 813 178, EP-A-0 821 330 und EP-A-0 886 252. Als Option enthält der Fluchtwegmelder F zusätzlich zum Brandmelder 1 eine Kamera 2. Der dargestellte Brandmelder 1 besteht in bekannter Weise aus einem Meldereinsatz 3, der in einem Sockel (nicht dargestellt) befestigbar ist, und aus einer über den Meldereinsatz 3 gestülpten Melderhaube 4. die im Bereich ihrer Kuppe mit Raucheintrittsöffnungen 5 versehen ist. Der Meldereinsatz 3 enthält im wesentlichen ein Optikmodul 6 und eine Auswerteelektronik 7.Since optical detectors are assumed to be known in the nature of the fire detector 1, are they are not described here. It is in this connection to the following patent applications EP-A-0 616 305, EP-A-0 813 178, EP-A-0 821 330 and EP-A-0 886 252. As an option, the escape route detector F includes a camera 2 in addition to the fire detector 1. The fire detector 1 shown consists in a known manner from a detector insert 3, the in a base (not shown) can be fastened, and from a put over the detector insert 3 Detector hood 4. which is provided with smoke inlet openings 5 in the region of its summit. Of the Detector insert 3 essentially contains an optical module 6 and evaluation electronics 7.

Das Optikmodul 6 besteht bei einem Streulichtmelder im wesentlichen aus einer eine Lichtquelle 8 und einen Lichtempfänger 9 enthaltenden Messkammer 10, welche durch nicht dargestellte Mittel gegen Fremdlicht von aussen abgeschirmt ist. Die optischen Achsen der durch eine Infrarot- oder eine rote oder blaue Leuchtdiode (IRED bzw. LED) gebildeten Lichtquelle 8 und des Lichtempfängers 9 sind zueinander geknickt, wobei durch diesen Verlauf und durch Blenden verhindert wird, dass Lichtstrahlen auf direktem Weg von der Lichtquelle 8 zum Lichtempfänger 9 gelangen konnen. Die Lichtquelle 8 sendet kurze, intensive Lichtpulse in den ais Streuraum bezeichneten zentralen Teil der Messkammer 10, wobei der Lichtempfänger 9 zwar den Streuraum, nicht aber die Lichtquelle 8 "sieht".The optical module 6 consists essentially of a light source in a scattered light detector 8 and a light receiver 9 containing measuring chamber 10, which by not shown Medium against external light is shielded from the outside. The optical axes of an infrared or a red or blue light emitting diode (IRED or LED) formed light source 8 and the Light receiver 9 are kinked to each other, with this course and by blinding is prevented, that light rays on direct route from the light source 8 to the light receiver 9 can get. The light source 8 sends short, intense light pulses in the ais scattering space designated central part of the measuring chamber 10, wherein the light receiver 9 while the scattering space, but not the light source 8 "sees".

Das Licht der Lichtquelle 8 wird durch in den Streuraum eindringenden Rauch gestreut, und ein Teil dieses Streulichts fällt auf den Lichtempfänger 9. Das dadurch erzeugte Empfänger-Signal wird von der Auswerteelektronik 7 verarbeitet. Bei der Verarbeitung wird das Empfängersignal in bekannter Weise mit einer Alarmschwelle und mindestens einer Voralarmschwelle verglichen, und die Auswerteelektronik 7 gibt bei Überschreiten der nachfolgend als Brandalarmschwelle bezeichneten genannten Alarmschwelle durch das Empfängersignal an einem Ausgang 11 ein Alarmsignal ab. Dabei ist durch intelligente Signalverarbeitung unter Verwendung von beispielsweise Fuzzy-Logic oder eines neuronalen Netzwerks, gewahrleistet, dass die Abgabe des Alarmsignals bei möglichst tiefen Rauchwerten erfolgt, ohne dass es dabei jedoch zu unakzeptablen Fehialarmen kommt.The light of the light source 8 is scattered by penetrating into the scattering room smoke, and a Part of this scattered light falls on the light receiver 9. The receiver signal generated thereby is processed by the transmitter 7. During processing, the receiver signal is in known manner compared with an alarm threshold and at least one Voralarmschwelle, and the transmitter 7 is when exceeded the following as a fire alarm threshold designated alarm threshold by the receiver signal at an output 11 a Alarm signal off. It is by intelligent signal processing using, for example Fuzzy logic or a neural network, ensures that the delivery of the Alarm signal at the lowest possible smoke levels, but without being too unacceptable Fehialarmen comes.

Zusätzlich zu den genannten Schwellen enthält die Auswerteelektronik 7 eine weitere, nachfolgend als Fluchtwegalarmschwelle bezeichnete Alarmschwelle, welche wesentlich höher liegt als die Brandalarmschwelle und einem lebensgefahrlichen Rauchdichtewert von beispielsweise 10% pro Meter entspricht. Selbstverständlich muss dabei die Auswerteelektronik 7 so ausgelegt sein, dass ein entsprechend grosse Dynamikbereich verarbeitet werden kann. Beim dargestellten Rauchmelder wird also das Empfängersignal auch nach erfolgter Auslösung eines Brandalarms weiter beobachtet und es wird untersucht, ob das Empfangersignal auch die Fluchtwegalarmschwelle überschreitet. Je nach Signalverlauf wird über den Ausgang 11 beispielsweise in einer einfachen Realisierung ein einziges zusätzliches Bit für "Fluchtweg sicher" oder "Fluchtweg unsicher" (gefährlich) übertragen und dieses Bit hat im Fall von "Fluchtweg unsicher" zur Folge, dass der betreffende Fluchtweg als unpassierbar gilt.In addition to the mentioned thresholds, the transmitter 7 contains another, below alarm threshold called escape route alarm threshold, which is much higher as the fire alarm threshold and a life-threatening smoke density value of for example 10% per meter corresponds. Of course, the transmitter 7 must be designed this way be that a correspondingly large dynamic range can be processed. When presented Smoke detector is thus the receiver signal even after the triggering of a fire alarm further observed and it is examined whether the receiver signal and the escape route alarm threshold exceeds. Depending on the waveform is on the output 11, for example, in a simple realization a single additional bit for "escape route safe" or "escape route unsafe "(dangerous) transfer and this bit has in the case of" escape route uncertain " Result that the relevant escape route is considered impassable.

Das genannte Bit wird an die Zentrale 12 der Brandmeldeanlage und gegebenenfalls an eine mit dem betreffenden Brandmelder verbundene und von diesem gesteuerte, verstellbare Fluchtweganzeige 13 übertragen und bewirkt, dass der von dem betreffenden Brandmelder überwachte Fluchtweg gesperrt wird, und zwar entweder via Zentrale 12 oder direkt durch die mit dem Melder verbundene Fluchtweganzeige 13. Die letztere kann beispielsweise eine der üblichen beleuchteten Anzeigen für einen Notausgang sein, die im Fall von Passierbarkeit grün und im Fall von Unpassierbarkeit rot leuchtet, wobei die Farben durch entsprechende Piktogramme unterstützt sein können. Die Information "Fluchtweg unsicher" kann auch per Fernübertragung an die anrückende Feuerwehr übermittelt werden.The said bit is sent to the central unit 12 of the fire alarm system and optionally to a associated with the relevant fire detector and controlled by this, adjustable escape route display 13 and ensures that the monitored by the fire detector concerned Escape route is blocked, either via central 12 or directly through the with the escape route associated with the detector. The latter may, for example, be one of the usual illuminated displays for an emergency exit, which in the case of passability green and in the case of impassability red lights, the colors by corresponding pictograms can be supported. The information "escape route uncertain" can also be sent remotely be transmitted to the advancing fire department.

Die Auswerteelektronik 7 enthält auch für den CO- Sensor 14 und und den Temperatursensor 15 Brandalarmschwellen und zusätzliche Fluchtwegalarmschwellen, wobei die Fluchtwegalarmschwelle des CO-Sensors 14 beispielsweise 1000 bis 1500 ppm CO und die Fluchtwegalarmschwelle des Temperatursensors 15 beispielsweise etwa 60° C entspricht. Ebenso wie bei der Rauchdichte überwacht die Auswerteelektronik 7 die Empfängersignale des CO-Sensors 14 und des Temperatursensors 15 und liefert bei Überschreitung der betreffenden Fluchtwegalarmschwellen ein entsprechendes Signal an den Ausgang 11, so dass auch hier ein zusätzliches Bit für "Fluchtweg frei" oder "Fluchtweg unsicher" an die Zentrale 12 oder an die mit dem Melder verbundene Fluchtweganzeige 13 übertragen und der Fluchtweg im Fall von "Fluchtweg unsicher" gesperrt wird.The transmitter 7 also contains for the CO sensor 14 and and the temperature sensor 15 fire alarm thresholds and additional escape route alarm thresholds, with the escape route alarm threshold of the CO sensor 14, for example, 1000 to 1500 ppm CO and the escape route alarm threshold of the temperature sensor 15, for example, about 60 ° C corresponds. As with the Smoke density monitors the transmitter 7, the receiver signals of the CO sensor 14 and the temperature sensor 15 and delivers when exceeding the relevant escape route alarm thresholds a corresponding signal to the output 11, so that here also an additional bit for "escape route free" or "escape route unsafe" to the control center 12 or to the detector connected escape route indicator 13 and the escape route in the case of "escape route uncertain" is locked.

Der Personenzähler P ist in der Art einer Lichtschranke oder eines Lichtvorhangs ausgebildet und besteht beispielsweise aus zwei aktiven Infrarotmeldern, die je eine aktive Lichtquelle und einen Empfänger mit einer Auswerteelektronik enthalten. Eine derartige Anordnung ist beispielsweise in der EP-A-0 845 765 beschrieben. Der Personenzähler P, der entweder direkt oder über den Fluchtwegemelder F mit der Zentrale 12 und der Fluchtweganzeige 13 verbunden ist, zählt den Personenfluss im betreffenden Fluchtweg. Der gemessene Wert wird in der entsprechenden Auswerteelektronik, die entweder im Personenzahler P oder im Fluchtwegemelder F oder gegebenenfalls in der Zentrale 12 vorgesehen ist mit einer Alarmserwellenwert verglichen, be dessen Überschreiten die Fluchtweganzeige 13 so angesteuert wird, dass eine Sperrung des betreffenden Fluchtwegs erfolgt. Der Personenzähler P kann in den Fluchtwegmelder F integriert oder getrennt von diesem installiert sein.The passenger counter P is formed in the manner of a light barrier or a light curtain and consists for example of two active infrared detectors, each having an active light source and contain a receiver with an evaluation. Such an arrangement is for example in EP-A-0 845 765. The passenger counter P, either directly or via the escape route detector F is connected to the center 12 and the escape route display 13 counts the flow of people in the relevant escape route. The measured value is in the corresponding Evaluation electronics, either in the passenger P or in the escape route detector F or optionally provided in the center 12 is compared with a Alarmserwellenwert be When the escape route indicator 13 is exceeded, it is controlled such that a blockage of the the relevant escape route. The passenger counter P can be integrated into the escape route detector F or be installed separately from it.

Die Kamera 2 ist vorzugsweise in einem mit dem Brandmelder 1 verbundenen oder an diesen angearbeiteten Trägerteil 16 angeordnet, welcher eine nicht dargestellte Stufe zur Verarbeitung der Kamerasignale aufweist, deren Ausgang mit der Auswerteelektronik 7 verbunden ist. Die Kamera 2 ist zwar ständig aufnahmebereit, liefert aber von sich aus keine Bilder des überwachten Raumes an die Zentrale 12. Letzteres erfolgt nur aufgrund eines entsprechenden Befehls von der Zentrale 12. Auf diese Weise erhält der Einsatzleiter die Möglichkeit, Fluchtwege ferngesteuert zu kontrollieren und diese zu sperren, wenn sie nach seiner Einschätzung nicht mehr sicher sind. Ausserdem kann er das Geschehen in den Fluchtwegen beobachten, wodurch verletzte oder ohnmächtige Personen rechtzeitig gezielt gerettet werden können. Es wäre aber auch möglich, die Kamera zur Personenzählung zu verwenden.The camera 2 is preferably in a connected to the fire detector 1 or to this arranged support member 16 is arranged, which is not shown a stage for processing the camera signals whose output is connected to the transmitter 7. The Although camera 2 is always ready to shoot, it does not deliver any pictures of the supervised camera Room to the control center 12. The latter takes place only on the basis of a corresponding command from the control center 12. In this way, the operations manager is given the option of remotely controlled escape routes to control and block them if, in his estimation, they no longer work are safe. In addition, he can observe the events in the escape routes, which injured or unconscious persons can be specifically rescued in a timely manner. It would be also possible to use the camera for people counting.

Alternativ kann die Kamera 2 auch durch das Überschreiten eines Fluchtwegschwellwerts des Fluchtwegmelders F oder der Personenzählers P automatisch aktiviert werden und Bilder an die Zentrale 12 senden. Wesentlich ist, dass die beispielsweise durch einen Datenbus gebildete Verbindung zwischen Melder 1 und Zentrale 12 im Alarmierungsstadium nicht durch Bildsignale der Kamera 2 verstopft ist, so dass Alarmsignale von den diversen Sensoren jederzeit und ohne Verzögerung an die Zentrale 12 gelangen können. Andererseits ist es zu dem Zeitpunkt, wo die Sensoren angesprochen haben und bereits Brandalarm ausgelöst wurde, oder eine Fluchtwegalarmschwelle überschritten worden ist, wichtiger, dass der Einsatzleiter die Fluchtwege überwachen kann, weil dadurch die Möglichkeit der Rettung von Menschenleben drastisch verbessert wird.Alternatively, the camera 2 can also by exceeding an escape route threshold of Escape route detector F or the person counter P are automatically activated and images to the Send center 12. It is essential that the example formed by a data bus Connection between detector 1 and center 12 in the alarm stage not by image signals the camera 2 is clogged, so that alarm signals from the various sensors at any time and without Delay can reach the center 12. On the other hand, it is at the time where the Sensors have responded and fire alarm has already been triggered, or an escape route alarm threshold has been exceeded, more important that the operations manager to monitor the escape routes because it dramatically improves the chances of saving lives becomes.

Selbstverständlich muss die Kamera 2 nicht baulich mit dem Melder 1 verbunden, sondern kann auch in einem gewissen Abstand von diesem angeordent sein, was aber einen zusätzlichen Verdrahtungsaufwand erfordert. Als Kamera 2 wird vorzugsweise eine Kamera in CMOS-Technik verwendet, wobei der Prozessor des Melders 1 die von der Kamera aufgenommenen Bilder so komprimiert, dass diese mit einer Frequenz von etwa 5 Bildern pro Minute über einen üblichen Datenbus übertragen werden können, wobei die Übertragungsrate von der Belegung des Busses abhängig ist.Of course, the camera 2 is not structurally connected to the detector 1, but can even at some distance from this be angeordent, but what an additional Wiring effort required. As a camera 2 is preferably a camera in CMOS technology used, wherein the processor of the detector 1, the images taken by the camera compressed so that these with a frequency of about 5 frames per minute over a usual Data bus can be transmitted, the transmission rate of the occupancy of the Bus is dependent.

Die Zentrale 12 kann einen Rechner mit einer geeigneten Evakuierungssoftware enthalten, an welchen alle Personenzähler P und alle Brandmelder der Anlage, die Fluchtwegmelder F und die "normalen" Brandmelder. angeschlossen sind Ein für diese Zwecke geeignetes Software-Tool ist unter der Bezeichnung "Exodus" bekannt Im Alarmfall liefern die Brandmelder aktuelle Brand- und Fluchtwegdaten und die Personenzahler P ebenfalls aktuelle Fluchtwegdaten an den Rechner, welcher anhand dieser Daten die gunstigsten Fluchtwege berechnet und die Fluchtweganzeigen 13 entsprechend schaltet.The center 12 may include a computer with suitable evacuation software which all passenger counter P and all fire detectors of the plant, the escape route detectors F and the "normal" fire detectors. are connected A suitable software tool for this purpose is known as "Exodus". In the event of an alarm, the fire detectors provide current information Fire and escape route data and the persons paying P also current escape route data the calculator, which calculates the most favorable escape routes based on this data and the Escape route displays 13 switches accordingly.

Die Zentrale 12 mit dem Rechner und den angeschlossenen peripheren Geräten bildet ein Evakuierungssystem, welches durch eine Brandsimulationssoftware ergänzt sein kann. Die letztere erlaubt im Nicht-Brandfall eine Simulation des Ernstfalls, was für die Planung der Anlage und der Fluchtwege oder bei neuer oder besonderer Nutzung von Räumen sehr nützlich sein kann.The control center 12 with the computer and the connected peripheral devices forms an evacuation system, which can be supplemented by a fire simulation software. The latter allows in case of fire a simulation of the emergency, what for the planning of the plant and the escape routes or in new or special use of spaces can be very useful.

Fig. 2 zeigt in einer schematischen Darstellung ein rechteckiges Stiegenhaus S, in welches vier Seitengänge G münden. Das Stiegenhaus S ist zu jedem Seitengang G durch eine Tür T abgeschlossen, zu deren beiden Seiten je eine Fluchtweganzeige 13 angeordnet ist. Die seitengangseitige Fluchtwegweganzeige ist jeweils mit 13 und die stiegenhausseitige mit 13' bezeichnet.Fig. 2 shows a schematic representation of a rectangular staircase S, in which four Side channels G open. The staircase S is closed to each side passage G by a door T, an escape route indicator 13 is arranged on each of its two sides. The side-rail side Escape route reminder is indicated at 13 and the stiegenhausseitige at 13 '.

Im Stiegenhaus S und in den Seitengängen G sind ausserdem Fluchtwegmelder F installiert, wobei der oder die Fluchtwegmelder im Stiegenhaus S mit den seitengangseitigen Fluchtweganzeigen 13 verbunden sind. Jeder Fluchtwegmelder F in einem Seitengang G ist mit der an der Stiegenhausseite der den betreffenden Se-tengang abschliessenden Tür T angeordneten Fluchtweganzeige 13' verbunden.In Stiegenhaus S and in the side corridors G, escape route detectors F are also installed, where the escape route or the escape route detectors in the staircase S with the side exit emergency exit 13 are connected. Each escape route detector F in a side passage G is with the at the Stiegenhausseite of the respective Se- tengang final door T arranged Escape route indicator 13 'connected.

In den Seitengängen G sind Personenzähler P angeordnet, die über den ihrer Nähe angeordneten Fluchtwegmelder F oder direkt mit der an der Stiegenhausseite der den betreffenden Seitengang G abschliessenden Tür T angeordneten Fluchtweganzeige 13' verbunden sind. Im Stiegenhaus S können ebenfalls Personenzähler P angeordnet sein; vorzugsweise wird aber der Personenfluss im Stiegenhaus S aus den Daten der in das Stiegenhaus S mündenden und von diesem abzweigenden Seitengänge G berechnetIn the side passages G, people counters P are arranged, which are arranged above their proximity Escape route finder F or directly with the on the staircase side of the concerned side corridor G final door T arranged escape route indicator 13 'are connected. In the stairwell S can also be arranged people counter P; but preferably the Flow of people in Stiegenhaus S from the data in Stiegenhaus S and from this branching lateral G calculated

Wenn der oder die Fluchtwegmelder F im Stiegenhaus S eine Überschreitung einer Fluchtwegalarmschwelle registrieren oder wenn die Werte der Personenzähler P auf eine Überfüllung des Stiegenhauses S hinweisen, dann werden alle zugeordneten seitengangseitigen Fluchtweganzeigen 13 auf unpassierbar geschaltet, womit der Zutritt von den Seitengängen G ins Stiegenhaus S gesperrt ist. Wenn ein Fluchtwegmelder F oder ein Personenzähler P in einem Seitengang G eine Überschreitung einer Fluchtwegalarmschwelle registriert. dann wird die Fluchtweganzeige 13' an der Stiegenhausseite der diesen Seitengang abschliessenden Tür T auf unpassierbar geschaltet und damit der Zugang zu diesem Seitengang gesperrt.If the escape route or the escape route F in Stiegenhaus S is exceeded by an escape route alarm threshold register or if the values of the passenger counter P on an overcrowding of Stiegenhauses S point out, then all assigned sideways escape route displays 13 switched to impassable, bringing the access from the side corridors G in the stairwell S is locked. If an escape route detector F or a passenger counter P in a side corridor G registers an excess of an escape route alarm threshold. then the escape route display 13 'on the staircase side of this side passage closing door T on impassable switched and thus blocked access to this side corridor.

Das in erster Linie zur Erläuterung der Funktionsweise eines mit Fluchtwegmeldern und Personenählern ausgerüsteten Brandmeldesystems dienende Beispiet von Fig. 2 soll nicht als einschränkend verstanden werden. Es ist für den Fachmann klar, dass die Kommunikation zwischen Fluchtwegmeldern F und Personenzahlern P einerseits und Fluchtweganzeigen 13, 13' andererseits nicht auf die dargestellte direkte Verbindung beschrankt ist und auf vielerlei Arten realisiert werden kann. Wie schon erwähnt wurde, kann die Kommunikation auch über die Zentrale 12 (Fig. 1) und zusätzlich an die Feuerwehr erfolgen. Ebenso ist die Kommunikation nicht auf einen Datenbus beschränkt, sondern kann selbstverständlich auch drahtlos oder in einem sogenannten Hybridsystem erfolgen.This is primarily to explain the operation of an escape route detectors and personal counters Example 2 of the Fig. 2 equipped fire alarm system is not intended to be limiting be understood. It is clear to the skilled person that the communication between Escape route detectors F and Passengers P on the one hand and escape route displays 13, 13 ' on the other hand is not limited to the illustrated direct connection and in many ways can be realized. As already mentioned, the communication can also over the Central 12 (Fig. 1) and in addition to the fire department. So is the communication not limited to a data bus, but can of course be wireless or in done a so-called hybrid system.

Es wird auch vorteilhaft sein, die Fluchtweganzeigen im ganzen Gebäude oder in den einzelnen Stockwerken oder Gebäudetrakten miteinander zu verbinden, und so die Möglichkeit zu schaffen, Befehle fur die Sperrung von Fluchtwegen von Fluchtweganzeige zu Fluchtweganzeige weiterzureichen, so dass sichergestellt ist, dass jeweils die vorderste Anzeige jedes Fluchtwegs dessen aktuellen Zustand anzeigt.It will also be beneficial to the escape route displays throughout the building or in the individual Floors or building tracts, thus creating the possibility of Commands for locking escape routes from escape route display to escape route display pass on, so that it is ensured that in each case the foremost indication of each escape route indicates its current state.

Claims (22)

  1. Fire detector having at least one sensor (6, 14, 15) for detecting at least one fire characteristic and having an evaluation circuit (7) by means of which an alarm is triggered when a predetermined first value is exceeded by the respective fire characteristic, characterized in that a second, higher value of the respective fire characteristic is additionally monitored by the at least one sensor (6, 14, 15) and in that, if said second value is exceeded, an alarm signal is triggered to indicate that the affected escape route is unusable.
  2. Fire detector according to claim 1, characterized in that said second value of the fire characteristic is a life-threatening value.
  3. Fire detector according to claim 1 or 2, characterized by visual and/or audible indicating and/or alarm means (13, 13') that can be activated by said alarm signal.
  4. Fire detector according to claim 3, characterized in that said indicating and/or alarm means (13, 13') are/is provided on the fire detectors (F).
  5. Fire detector according to claim 3, characterized in that said indicating and/or alarm means (13, 13') are/is formed by escape route indicators installed at a distance from the fire detectors (F).
  6. Fire detector according to claim 3, characterized by a camera (2) for monitoring the space (G, S) surrounding the detector (F) and by means for the controlled transmission of the respective images recorded by the camera (2) to a central evaluation and/or observation station that preferably forms part of the control centre (12) of a fire detector system.
  7. Fire detector according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the at least one sensor is formed by a smoke and/or combustion gas sensor (6 or 14).
  8. Fire detector according to claim 7, characterized in that the at least one sensor is formed by an optical smoke sensor (6) and in that the fire detector (F) comprises, in addition, a CO sensor (14) and/or a temperature sensor (15) and/or a sensor for the radiation pressure.
  9. Fire detector according to claim 6, characterized in that the camera (2) is installed in a carrier (16) mechanically connected to the fire detector.
  10. Fire detector according to claim 6, characterized in that the camera (2) is installed in a carrier that is spatially separated from the fire detector.
  11. Fire detection system having a control centre (12), having fire detectors connected thereto, having fire detectors disposed in the region of the escape routes and hereinafter denoted as escape route detectors (F), and having an escape route indicating system comprising adjustable indicating means (13, 13') controlled by the escape route indicators (F), characterized in that the escape route detectors (F) are formed by fire detectors that have at least one sensor (6, 14, 15) for the detection of at least one fire characteristic and that trigger an alarm when a predetermined first value is exceeded by the respective fire characteristic, and in that a second, higher value of the respective fire characteristic is additionally monitored by the at least one sensor (6, 14, 15) and, if said second value is exceeded, an alarm signal is triggered to indicate that the affected escape route is unusable.
  12. Fire detection system according to claim 11, characterized in that, in the region of the escape routes, means hereinafter called people counters (P) are provided in the respective escape route for monitoring the flow of people and in that the indicating means (13, 13') are controlled by means of said monitoring.
  13. Fire detection system according to claim 12, characterized in that the escape route detectors (F) and/or the people counters (P) are/is connected directly to the respective indicating means.
  14. Fire detection system according to claim 13, characterized in that the people counters (P) are integrated into the escape route detectors (F).
  15. Fire detection system according to any of claims 11 to 14, characterized in that the escape route detectors (F) are equipped with a camera (2) for the video monitoring of the space (G, S) to be monitored.
  16. Fire detection system according to claim 15, characterized in that the camera (2) forms part of an intrusion detector connected to the escape route detector (F).
  17. Fire detection system according to claim 13, characterized in that the people counters (P) are connected to the escape route detectors (F) and in that the signals from the people counters (P) are transmitted to the escape route detectors (F) and from there to the indicating means (13, 13') and/or to the control centre (12).
  18. Fire detection system according to any of claims 12 to 17, characterized by a computer to which all the fire detectors (F) and people counters (P) are connected and supply currently applicable fire and escape route data, the most favourable escape routes being calculated and the indicating means (13, 13') being accordingly switched by said computer in the event of an alarm.
  19. Fire detection system according to claim 13 or 17, characterized in that the people counters (P) are designed in the manner of light barriers or light curtains and are equipped for counting the people passing through their range of detection.
  20. Fire detection system according to claim 19, characterized in that the people counters (P) are each formed by two active infrared detectors that are mounted on mutually opposed walls and each contain an active light source and a receiver with an electronic evaluation unit.
  21. Fire detection system according to claim 19, characterized in that the people counters (P) are each formed by an active infrared detector that is mounted on the ceiling and contains an active light source and a receiver with an electronic evaluation unit.
  22. Fire detection system according to claim 13 or 17, characterized in that the people are counted by image processing.
EP99939887A 1998-09-09 1999-09-07 Fire alarm and fire alarm system Expired - Lifetime EP1046146B1 (en)

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PCT/CH1999/000413 WO2000014693A1 (en) 1998-09-09 1999-09-07 Fire alarm and fire alarm system
EP99939887A EP1046146B1 (en) 1998-09-09 1999-09-07 Fire alarm and fire alarm system

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KR (1) KR100696740B1 (en)
CN (1) CN1125417C (en)
AT (1) ATE239280T1 (en)
AU (1) AU764012B2 (en)
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CN1277704A (en) 2000-12-20
NO20002271D0 (en) 2000-04-28
NO317973B1 (en) 2005-01-17
HU224146B1 (en) 2005-05-30
KR100696740B1 (en) 2007-03-19
HUP0004233A3 (en) 2003-08-28
WO2000014693A1 (en) 2000-03-16
CZ20001674A3 (en) 2001-05-16
DE59905313D1 (en) 2003-06-05
AU5404699A (en) 2000-03-27
ES2198939T3 (en) 2004-02-01
PL195861B1 (en) 2007-10-31
PL340408A1 (en) 2001-01-29
KR20010031437A (en) 2001-04-16
HUP0004233A2 (en) 2001-03-28
NO20002271L (en) 2000-05-08
EP1046146A1 (en) 2000-10-25
CN1125417C (en) 2003-10-22
ATE239280T1 (en) 2003-05-15
CZ300492B6 (en) 2009-06-03
AU764012B2 (en) 2003-08-07

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