KR0135958B1 - Feed and egg adding selenium-yeast - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to a feed composition for laying hens having a mixed composition containing 0.1 to 10 mg of selenium-yeast per 1 kg of feed, and eggs containing a large amount of organic selenium produced by feeding them to laying hens. The feed adjuster of the present invention can also be expected to contain synergistic action of selenium and vitamin E by containing 50 to 200 mg, preferably 100 to 150 mg, of vitamin E per kg of feed.

Description

Feed Composition and Selenium-Containing Eggs for Laying Hens with Selenium-Yeast Complex

The present invention relates to a feed composition for laying hens containing selenium and selenium-containing eggs produced by feeding the feed composition. In particular, the present invention relates to a selenium-containing egg produced by fermentation method by producing organic selenium having no human toxicity and high absorption rate by fermentation method using yeast. In the past, eggs were used only as food for nourishment, but in recent years, by mixing and preparing desired nutrients, elements or substances in laying hens' feed, they produce eggs containing a large amount of nutrients or elements, and finally, provide the desired ingredients. Efforts continue to be made by the human body through eggs. For example, feeds based on seaweeds or blue fish are fed to laying hens to produce eggs with low cholesterol or iodine-rich eggs, and other eggs, vitamins, and ginseng eggs with high omega-3 fatty acids. , Seaweed eggs and fertilized eggs are already on the market. Recently, due to high industrialization, environmental pollution such as water pollution caused by factory wastewater, and air pollution caused by soot has become a big social problem. Such environmental pollution is inevitable to some extent in the process of industrialization, but accordingly, many workers suffer from poisoning by heavy metals occurring in the working environment and are continuously exposed to the risk of poisoning.

The present inventors realized that heavy metal detoxification due to environmental pollution could not be solved only by temporary dosing, and that the human body could be protected from environmental pollution continuously exposed only by continuously ingesting food containing detoxifying ingredients. It was made up.

Selenium is an element belonging to group VI of the periodic table and is contained in beer yeast, pig or beef kidney, butter, wheat germ, oyster, shrimp, milk, brown rice, garlic, etc. By activating glutathione peroxidase, which has a function of destroying hydrogen peroxide, which causes damage to the cell membrane, it is known to have a function of preventing peroxidative damage of the cell membrane to prevent tumorous diseases. In many studies, selenium has been shown to have an inhibitory effect on tumor disease, which can be seen in many cancer patients with abnormally low levels of serum selenium. In addition, the phenomena caused by lead poisoning lead to hematopoietic action by increasing the urinary excretion of aminolevulinic acid by inhibiting the activity of S-aminolevulinate dehydrase (ALAD) enzyme, which is involved in hemolysis of hemoglobin and hemoglobin synthesis. In addition to inhibiting, lead is known to be caused by inactivation of the SH phase of ALAD, resulting in deterioration of hematopoietic function. It has been reported that lead poisoning can be detoxified by selenium, which is known as an antioxidant in vivo, because glutathione peroxidase, a selenium-dependent antioxidant enzyme whose activity is weakened by lead, is significantly increased by selenium supplementation. to be. This was proved by adding 0.5 ppm of dietary selenium to lead poisoning in rats, which reduced the peroxidative damage of hepatic tissues compared to the non-added group. This lead poisoning detoxification action of selenium is explained because the inactivation of SH group by lead is prevented by replacing SH group of ALAD with Se. Other similar mechanisms have reported that selenium exhibits heavy metal detoxification effects such as cadmium and mercury in addition to lead. The effect of selenium is summarized as follows.

Sulfate of selenium is 1970 times more than vitamin E. The combination of vitamin E and selenium is synergistic.

0 It is a treatment effect of dandruff and psoriasis and increases the utilization of oxygen to improve heart and lung function.

0 By inhibiting the oxidation of unsaturated fatty acids, such as vitamins C and E, not only inhibits the production of lipid peroxide, but also decomposes the nope substance, which is a combination of lipid peroxide and protein.

It binds to heavy metals such as mercury, cadmium, and lead to inactivate them, prevents necrosis of liver cells and prevents cirrhosis of the liver.

0 improve immune function and a significant amount (about 25 to 40%) is concentrated in the sex organs, such as testicles, spermatozoa, prostate, improve sexual function.

0 Delays aging of the body, prevents cancer and improves lung and heart function.

It prevents cataracts and rheumatoid arthritis and synergizes with vitamin E to treat muscle dystrophy.

However, since selenium, which is excellent in detoxifying heavy metals as described above, cannot be supplied in sufficient amounts through daily meals, workers or drivers exposed to heavy metals should continuously take selenium preparations even in medicine. However, such continuous doses are cumbersome, inconvenient and uneconomical, making it difficult to provide an effective supply of selenium. The present inventors have recently invented the serenium nan of the present invention by focusing on the tendency of producing eggs containing a large amount of such components by adding a source of nutrients or elements necessary for laying hens. Selenium eggs have been reported before. For example, Chinese Patent Publication No. CN85108031 describes a method for producing selenium-containing eggs by adding sodium selenite (NA2Se03) as a source of inorganic selenium to feed for laying hens. However, there are significant problems in the selenium column as described above. First, when using inorganic selenium, most of the selenium is present in the form of inorganic selenium in egg yolk, so the toxicity cannot be ignored. Second, its absorption rate is lowered. It was difficult to expect enough effect. Therefore, the present inventors have successfully produced organic selenium in the form of selenium-yeast complex using a yeast fermentation method instead of inorganic selenium, and by adding the organic selenium thus prepared to the feed for laying hens, seleniumlan with high absorption rate and good human availability is successfully produced. This invention was completed. Accordingly, the present invention relates to a feed composition for laying hens containing a selenium-yeast complex as an organic selenium source. The present invention also relates to a method for producing a feed composition for laying hens and a selenium-containing egg produced by feeding the feed composition. More specifically, the present invention is inoculated with inorganic selenium, for example, sodium selenite, which is inoculated with saccharomyces carlsbergensis, which is a brewer's yeast, or Sasccharomyces cerevisiae, which is a baker's yeast. It is gradually fed into a fermenter and fermented. After the completion of the cultivation, the yeast cells obtained by separating the yeast strain are obtained by washing and purifying. Selenium is present in the yeast cells obtained in a combined state, and the obtained selenium-yeast is lyophilized to be mixed in a suitable amount for laying hens to obtain a feed composition of the present invention. According to the selenium-yeast manufacturing method of the present invention, in the fermentation process, the yeast absorbs Na2SeO3 and uses se similar to S in the synthesis of sulfur-containing amino acids cysteine and methionine. And synthesize these

Mino acids come together to form proteins.

When a laying hen takes selenium-yeast containing a protein composed of these selenaminoamino acids, the protein is decomposed to be used for the synthesis of albumin containing selenaminoamino acids, thereby obtaining seleniumlan. Saccharomyces Carlsbergensis, the brewer's yeast used in the present invention, can be used either of yeast cells obtained by seed culture and the remaining yeast after beer production. In addition, when producing selenium-yeast complexes starting from the seed culture, Saccharomyces ceravi siae, which is not only brewer's yeast but also bread yeast, may be used. Since the ratio of selenium contained in the selenium yeast according to the present invention may vary depending on the type of yeast used, the amount of inorganic selenium or the fermentation conditions of the yeast, the amount of inorganic selenium can be adjusted to suit the desired selenium content. . In general, the recommended daily dose (RDA) of selenium is 50-200 μm for adults and reported to be toxic if it exceeds 10 times this recommended amount. Therefore, it can be seen that it is desirable to contain selenium of 50 to 200㎛ in one egg. According to the experimental results of the present inventors, when the organic selenium yeast complex was produced by fermenting inorganic selenium, the yield was about 30 to 40%, and the average ratio of the transferred selenium to the eggs was about 35 to 40%. Therefore, if the laying hens are to produce one egg containing 50 to 200 μm of selenium per day, the daily selenium feed for the laying hens should be about 100 to 600 μm, and the selenium content in the selenium-yeast complex averages about 0.05. Considering the percentages, in order to feed the selenium to the laying hens, the selenium-yeast complex should be mixed with the feed so that 0.2-1.2 g of selenium can be taken per day. Therefore, when estimating the daily feed intake of laying hens to about 100g, it is preferable to mix about 2 to 12g of the selenium-yeast complex of the present invention per kg of feed. However, the amount of selenium-yeast complex or the content of selenium in the complex can be adjusted so as to contain 0.1 to 10 mg of selenium per kg of feed, and it can be used as a feed for laying hens. The selenium-yeast complex of the present invention is dried and added to the laying hen feed in a powder state, and the selenium content in the selenium-yeast complex can be quantified using a known oxygen digester. The selenium-yeast complex produced by the yeast fermentation method of the present invention has a difference in selenium content depending on the amount of inorganic selenium, fermentation conditions, and time, but usually shows a selenium content of 0.01 to 0.1%, and such a selenium-yeast complex is added. When feed is given to laying hens, eggs containing selenium up to about 3.0 µg and up to 150 µg can be obtained.

The selenium-yeast complex-containing feed composition according to the present invention may also be added with vitamin E, which is synergistic in selenium and antioxidant power, if necessary. At this time, the amount of vitamin E added is 50 mg to 200 mg per kg of feed composition in the selenium-yeast complex-containing feed composition [concentration of 0.005% (w / w)-0.020% (w / w) in the feed], preferably 100 mg to 150 mg [0.010% (w / w)-0.015% (w / w) present in the feed) is added. Feed compositions prepared with the addition of vitamins to this level can be fed to laying hens to obtain eggs containing between 3.0 and 12 mg of vitamin E. This vitamin E concentration is about 3 to 12 times higher than the vitamin E content of 1.1 mg in eggs without added selenium and vitamin E. Hereinafter, the present invention will be described by the following examples, comparative examples and test examples, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto.

Example 1

Preparation of Selenium-Yeast Complex

13.2 g of NH4Cl, 1.7 g of KH2PO4, 1.02 g of MgSO47H20, 1.11 g of KCl, and 27 mg of thiamine are dissolved in 2.1 L of water, 390 g of molasses is added thereto, followed by sterilization to be used as a minimal medium. At this time, the pH is adjusted to 6.5 by using NH 4 OH, the injection amount of air is supplied by passing through a sterile filter 4 L / min. Thus inoculated 105g of yeast Saccharomyces carlsbergensis yeast beer bred in Doosan Institute of Technology, and then incubated at 30 ℃ for about 8 hours.

Separately, 84 mg of NaSeO3, 1.8 mg of ZnSO 4 · H 2 O, and 480 g of molasses are mixed and fed to the fermenter in culture for about 18 hours continuously using a pump. After the feeding of the selenium mixture, the fermentation tank is stopped by incubating for about 2 hours under the same conditions and stopping the fermentation by recovering the cultured cells. The cultured yeast strains were separated by centrifugation to obtain about 200 g of a tan selenium-yeast complex in paste state. In order to measure the selenium content in the obtained selenium-yeast complex, as a result of quantification using a known oxygen digestion apparatus, it was confirmed that selenium was contained at a rate of about 0.02% of the total.

Example 2

A yeast complex in which selenium was accumulated at a higher concentration was prepared using the same medium composition as in Example 1 except that Saccharomyces cerevisiae, which is bread yeast instead of beer yeast, was used. First, inoculated with yeast 1 colony in Saccharomyces cerevisiae pure cultured in 200ml of complete medium of 1% by weight of yeast extract, 2% by weight of glucose, 1% by weight of peptone for shaking, and shaking at 30 ° C. for 24 hours. Incubate.

Inoculated in the 2.1L minimum medium cultured seed culture in the same manner as in Example 1, and cultured under the same conditions but the selenium concentration is about 100 times of Example 1 using 840mg. The cultured yeast strain was separated by centrifugation to obtain about 200 g of selenium-yeast complex paste. The selenium content in the obtained selenium-yeast complex was found to be contained at a ratio of 0.2% by weight, which is about 10 times that of Example 1.

Example 3

Preparation of Selenium-Containing Eggs

5 g, 12.5 g, 50 g, 125 g and 250 g of selenium-yeast complex (containing 500 mg of selenium per kg) prepared in Examples 1 and 2 were added to 25 kg of feed and mixed uniformly, respectively 0.1 mg, 0.25 per kg of feed. Feed containing mg, 1 mg, 2.5 mg and 5 mg of selenium was prepared. The feed composition thus prepared was administered to a group of five laying hens, each containing 10 eggs, at an average of about 110 grams per day, and on average, 80 eggs were collected from each laying group on the 10th day. After separating the yolk and egg white, and freeze-dried, 200mg of egg yolk and egg white were accurately quantified and wrapped in 4x4cm filter paper, and the selenium content was measured using an oxygen digester. Lyophilized

The total weight of selenium contained in egg and egg yolk in one egg was calculated by calculating an average weight of 15.4 g per egg, egg white of 63%, and egg yolk of 37%.

In order to compare the difference between the eggs produced by mixing the selenium-containing eggs and the inorganic selenium in the feed, respectively, 10 mg of Na2SeO3 was added to 25 kg of feed as an inorganic selenium source to contain 0.1 mg of selenium per kg of feed. Feeding 110g per day to spawning crab of and measured the selenium content in egg yolk and egg white in the same manner as above.

The results are shown in the table as follows.

Selenium Absorption Distribution Comparison Table

As can be seen from the table, in the case of eggs produced in laying hens fed with feed containing inorganic selenium, the total selenium content is higher than that of eggs produced by administration of the feed of the present invention having the same content, About 80% is biased to egg yolk, and in the case of the organic selenium of the present invention, it can be seen that the bias to the egg white. The result is rattler jay. Similar to the results of Latshaw J.D. et al., This is due to the difference in the absorption dash between organic selenium (particularly selenium-methionine) and inorganic selenium (SeO32-). In other words, selenium methionine, a free selenium, is similar to methionine through the intestinal wall, and even methionine tRNA does not distinguish between methionine and serenomethionine, so the amount of selenium in the protein is directly related to the amount of methionine. Most of the selenium in the egg white is considered to be serenomethionine. On the other hand, in view of the concentration of selenium, general selenium products (mainly selenium yeast) recommend 50 mg to 200 mg per day. In order to see the various effects of selenium mentioned above, it is considered that the sample IV or V concentration is appropriate. If necessary, selenium containing higher concentrations of selenium may be possible.

Example 4

Selenium-Containing Eggs with Vitamin E

The selenium-containing feed composition prepared in Example 2 was obtained by adding vitamin E, known to be synergistic in selenium and sulfuric acid power, in an amount of 110 mg [0.01% (w / w) in feed] in 1 kg of feed. The feed composition was permeated through laying hens 110g per day to obtain eggs containing 6.1 mg of vitamin E per egg (per 15.4 g of freeze-dried weight). This vitamin E concentration is about 6 times higher than normal eggs (1.1 mg) without selenium and vitamin E.

Comparative Experiment

In order to compare the selenium form in the selenium-containing eggs obtained by feeding the selenium-containing eggs and the inorganic selenium-containing feed prepared according to the present invention, the egg yolks and egg whites of the eggs obtained in the above experimental group and the experimental group VI were separated and separated. The reaction with diaminobenzidine was investigated. 3,3-diaminobenzidine reacts with inorganic selenium (SeO32-) in HC1 solution to form yellow plasmoselenol, but it does not develop color reaction with organic selenium such as selenomethionine or selenocysteine. It is a method of determining the kind of selenium contained in the resin. As a result of this comparison, no inorganic selenium was detected in egg white, but 3.2 μg of inorganic selenium was detected in egg of experimental group V, that is, egg of the present invention, and 10.7 mg of inorganic selenium was found in egg yolk of experimental group VI. It became. From the results of the experiment, selenium in egg yolk obtained by feeding inorganic selenium feed was present in inorganic selenium, which is about 80% of 13.4 mg of total 13.4 mg, and egg yolk obtained by feeding organic selenium feed of the present invention. It can be seen that only 3.2 μg, which is about 16% of the total 19.3 μg, is contained in the inorganic form. Considering that inorganic selenium has high toxicity and low digestive absorption ability, it was confirmed that the quality of the eggs obtained by feeding the organic selenium feed of the present invention was much better.

Claims (11)

Feed composition for laying hens with added selenium-yeast complex. The feed composition of claim 1, wherein the feed composition contains 0.1 to 10 mg of selenium per kg of feed. Feed composition according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the selenium content in the selenium-yeast complex is 0.01 to 0.1%. The feed composition for laying hens according to claim 1, wherein vitamin E is further added. 5. The laying composition for laying hens according to claim 4, wherein the vitamin E is added in an amount of 50 to 200 mg per kg feed. 6. The feed composition for laying hens according to claim 5, wherein the vitamin E is added in an amount of 100 to 150 mg per kg feed. A method of producing a selenium-yeast complex characterized by fermenting an inorganic selenium in a medium with Saccharomyces carlsbergensis or Saccharomyces cerevisiae. A selenium-containing egg produced by feeding a laying composition according to any one of claims 1 to 6 to a laying hen. 9. The egg of claim 8, containing from about 3.0 to about 150 mg of selenium per egg. 10. The egg of claim 9 having a higher selenium yield in egg white than egg yolk 9. The egg of claim 8, which contains about 3.0 to 150 mg of selenium and about 3.0 to 12 mg of vitamin E per egg.