KR100408011B1 - Media composition containing selenium source for cultivating mushroom, method for preparing the same, and selenium­containing mushroom produced using the same - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to a mushroom cultivation medium composition further comprising a source of selenium to the mushroom cultivation medium, a method for preparing the same, and a selenium-containing mushroom produced using the composition,

The selenium-containing mushrooms prepared according to the present invention contain a large amount of organic selenium, which is not toxic to the human body and has a high absorption rate, so that it is ingested as a food, which is a known function of the selenium component; Increasing immunity, improving sexual function, muscle can nourish nutrition, prevent cancer.

Description

Medium composition containing selenium source for cultivating mushroom, method for preparing the same, and selenium­containing mushroom produced using the same}

The present invention relates to a culture medium composition for mushroom cultivation, a method for producing the same, and a mushroom produced using the composition, and more particularly, at least one selected from the group consisting of inorganic selenium, selenium-yeast complex, and selenium-containing egg dried A medium composition for mushroom cultivation containing a source of selenium, a method for preparing the same, and a selenium-containing mushroom produced using the composition.

Recently, efforts have been made to increase nutritional added value by adding desired nutrients, elements or substances to existing agricultural products. As a representative example, ginseng eggs using eggs and ginseng containing a large amount of omega-3 fatty acids in feed are already commercially available. There are also attempts to accumulate certain useful components in livestock products such as meat and oil.

Recently, due to the high industrialization, environmental pollution caused by factory wastewater and air pollution is getting serious day by day, and many workers are suffering from poisoning by heavy metals generated in the working environment, and they are continuously exposed to such poisoning risks.

As a method for the detoxification of heavy metal poisoning due to such environmental pollution, there is a method of protecting the human body from chronic environmental exposure by continuously ingesting food containing the detoxification component.

In particular, selenium is known to have an excellent effect on the detoxification of heavy metals, but a sufficient amount is not supplied through daily meals, especially workers and drivers who are continuously exposed to heavy metals contain large amounts of pharmaceutical forms or selenium Consumed foods continuously.

Selenium is an element belonging to the group VI of the chemical periodic table and is found in large quantities in brewer's yeast, pig and cattle kidneys, butter, infant malt, oysters, shrimp, milk, brown rice and garlic. In animals such as humans, they are mainly present in the form of seleno amino acids such as selenocysteine and selenomethionine, and they activate glutathione peroxidase, which acts to remove hydrogen peroxide, which causes damage to the cell membrane. It is known to have the effect of preventing tumoral disease by preventing. In many studies, selenium has been shown to have an inhibitory effect on tumor disease, which is thought to be associated with abnormally low serum levels of selenium in many cancer patients. In addition, anemia caused by lead poisoning is a hematopoietic effect by increasing the excretion of the urinary tract of aminolevulinic acid by inhibiting the activity of S-aminolevulinate dehydrase (ALAD) enzyme, which is involved in hemolytic action of hemoglobin and hemoglobin synthesis. In addition to inhibiting, it is known that lead is caused by inactivation of the SH group of ALAD and deterioration of hematopoietic function. It has been reported that lead poisoning can also be detoxified by selenium, which is known as an antioxidant in vivo, because glutathione peroxidase, a selenium-dependent antioxidant enzyme whose activity is weakened by lead, is significantly increased by selenium supplementation. It is thought to be. This is because, when lead poisoning in rats is added to the diet of selenium at a concentration of 0.5 ppm, hepatic tissue peroxidation damage is reduced as compared to the non-added group. This lead poisoning detoxification of selenium is explained because the SH group of ALAD is replaced with SeH, thereby preventing the inactivation of SH group by lead. Other similar mechanisms have reported that selenium is effective in the detoxification of heavy metals such as cadmium and mercury in addition to lead. A summary of the effects of selenium other than these are as follows:

The antioxidant power of selenium is up to 1970 times that of vitamin E. A combination of vitamin E and selenium has a synergistic effect.

· It has a therapeutic effect on dandruff and psoriasis and increases the utilization of oxygen to improve heart and lung function.

It inhibits the oxidation of unsaturated fatty acids such as vitamins C and E, which not only suppresses the production of lipid peroxide, but also decomposes waste materials that are a combination of lipid peroxide and protein.

It combines with heavy metals such as mercury, cadmium and lead to inactivate them and prevent necrosis of liver cells to prevent cirrhosis.

Improves immune function and a significant amount (approximately 25-40%) is roofed in male sex organs such as testicles, seminal vesicles and prostate gland to improve sexual function.

Prevents cataracts and rheumatoid arthritis and synergizes with vitamin E. Muscle is effective for muscular dystrophy.

Delays aging of the human body, prevents cancer and improves lung and heart function

Accordingly, the present inventors have completed the present invention by paying attention to the fact that the use of selenium-containing mushroom cultivation medium composition has a high selenium content transition to mushrooms when cultivating mushrooms.

In particular, selenium, in addition to inorganic selenium, produces organic selenium-containing mushrooms, in which inorganic selenium is converted into the form of selenium cysteine and selenomethionine, to a mushroom cultivation medium to produce safe selenium-containing mushrooms with high body absorption and good human availability. Successfully completed the present invention.

Accordingly, an object of the present invention is to provide a mushroom cultivation medium composition for producing safe selenium-containing mushrooms having high selenium content transition to mushrooms, high absorption in the body, and good human availability.

Another object of the present invention is to provide a method for producing a medium culture composition for mushroom cultivation and selenium-containing mushrooms produced using the same.

Mushroom cultivation medium composition of the present invention for achieving the object of the present invention as described above to add at least one selected from the group consisting of inorganic selenium, selenium- yeast complex and selenium-containing egg dried to the mushroom cultivation medium It is characterized by.

In addition, the inorganic compounds containing inorganic chromium, inorganic zinc, inorganic iodine or inorganic iron in addition to the inorganic selenium can be added to the mushroom cultivation medium using each inorganic source and used for transferring to the mushrooms.

Among the selenium sources that can be used in the present invention, all compounds containing selenium may be used as the inorganic selenium, but sodium selenite (Na ₂ SeO ₃ ) is preferably used. In addition, in the present invention, in order to convert into selenium-containing organic compounds, such as selenium cysteine and selenomethionine, selenium-yeast complex which is added to the production of yeast cells and converted into organic selenium in yeast cells during fermentation or The selenium-yeast complex may be added to a feed for laying hens to use dried products of selenium-containing eggs containing a large amount of organic selenium.

In particular, selenium-containing eggs are characterized in that the selenium-yeast complex is added to the feed for laying hens, and organic selenium is contained in egg whites more than egg yolks.

The addition amount of the selenium source may vary depending on the type of cultured mushroom and mushroom cultivation medium, the growing period of the mushroom, the growing conditions, the content of the final selenium.

The mushroom cultivation medium that can be used in the present invention includes all mushroom cultivation medium, and preferably, a mushroom cultivation medium, a mushroom mushroom, a mushroom mushroom, a mushroom mushroom cultivation medium is used.

Method for producing the mushroom culture medium composition according to the present invention,

(1) adding a source of selenium to the mushroom cultivation medium;

(2) adding water to adjust the water content to 60 to 70%; And

(3) sterilizing at 70-121 ° C. for 1-10 hours in a container, and then cooling the medium to 25 ° C.

It includes.

Also, the method for obtaining selenium-containing mushrooms

(4) aseptically inoculating mushroom bacteria in the mushroom cultivation medium composition prepared in (3) above;

(5) incubating the inorganic selenium for 18 to 26 days at 21 to 25 ° C .; And

(6) inducing fruiting bodies from the mycelium to obtain a final selenium-containing mushroom

It further includes.

In the step (1), the medium for mushroom cultivation refers to a mixture of sawdust and rice bran 80:20 (v / v) in the case of the enoki mushroom, 80:20 waste noodles or rice straw, sawdust and rice bran in the case of oyster mushroom, mushroom (v / v), said selenium source refers to at least one selected from the group consisting of inorganic selenium, selenium-yeast complexes and dried selenium-containing eggs.

In the present invention, the addition amount of the selenium source is preferably added so that the selenium content in the selenium source is 1 × 10 ^{−5 to} 1 × 10 ⁻³ parts by weight based on 100 parts by weight of the mushroom cultivation medium. If it is less than 1 × 10 ^-5 parts by weight, the expression of the effect of selenium becomes insignificant, and if it is more than 1 × 10 ^-3 parts by weight, there is a risk of toxicity during long-term ingestion.

In the step (3), the container used varies depending on the type of mushroom to be cultivated, such as a bottle or a bag for a top mushroom, a box, a bag, or a fungus for an oyster mushroom and a mushroom mushroom, and the sterilization pressure is atmospheric pressure or high pressure.

In the step (4), examples of mushroom bacteria are oyster mushrooms, enoki mushrooms, mushroom mushroom bacteria and the like.

In step (5), "organization" means a process in which the inorganic forms of selenium contained in the selenium source added in step (1) are converted to the forms of selenium cysteine and selenomethionine, which are organic selenium.

Among the above-mentioned sources of selenium, sodium selenite is preferable as the inorganic selenium, and the selenium-yeast complex is Saccharomyces cerevisiae , which is a baker's yeast, or Saccharomyces Carlsbergensis, a brewer's yeast. ( Saccharomyces carlsbergensis ) is fermented while slowly fed into the fermenter inoculated, and after the incubation is completed, the yeast cells are obtained by separating, washing and drying. Selenium in the form of Na ₂ SeO _{3 in the} obtained selenium-yeast cells is used in place of sulfur in synthesizing sulfur-containing amino acids cysteine and methionine during fermentation, thereby synthesizing proteins after synthesizing selenocysteine and selenomethionine. The selenium-yeast complex prepared in this manner contained about 500 µg of selenium in total per 1 g of dry weight, which was about 30%.

In addition, the above-mentioned dried substance of selenium-containing eggs means selenium nan produced by allowing the laying hen to ingest a selenium-yeast complex containing a large amount of protein composed of selenium amino acids. When the laying hens ingest the selenium-yeast complex, the egg protein is broken down so that the selenamino acids are used for the albumin synthesis of eggs, thus making it possible to obtain selenium with a large amount of organic selenium. At this time, the average ratio of the selenium transfer to the eggs in the fed selenium-yeast complex was found to be about 35 to 40%, so when laying eggs containing 50 to 200 ㎍ of selenium, one per day The selenium-yeast complex was mixed and used in laying hens feed to about 0.4 g per day. The media composition of the present invention can be obtained by mixing an appropriate amount of the dried selenium-yeast complex or selenium egg obtained in the mushroom culture medium.

In general, the recommended daily dose (RDA) of selenium is 50 to 200 μg in adults, and 10 times of this recommended amount has been reported to be toxic when ingested for two weeks or longer. Therefore, it can be said that it is preferable to make a daily intake of mushrooms into 100 µg , and not to leave the selenium range of 50 to 200 µg . According to the experimental results of the present inventors, when the mushrooms were grown by adding inorganic selenium to the mushroom cultivation medium, the yield, that is, the selenium transferred to the mushrooms was about 20% to 40%. That is, in order to allow 50 to 200 µg of selenium to accumulate in about 100 g of mushrooms, about 250 to 1000 µg of inorganic selenium was added to the medium producing 100 g of mushrooms. More than 40% of the selenium accumulated in mushrooms was in organic form. On the other hand, when 100 g of mushrooms were harvested by adding 1 g of selenium-yeast complex (500 µg / g yeast) to 500 g of mushroom medium, the total amount of selenium per 100 g of harvested mushrooms was 90 to 250 µg, which was about 20 to 50% It can be seen that the mushroom has been transferred. On the other hand, after separating only the protein portion from the mushroom and quantifying the amount of selenium (ie, the amount of selenium organically), it can be seen that about 60 to 180 ㎍, about 70% of the total selenium is present in the mushroom in the organic form have. In addition, when a mushroom was grown by adding 1 g of dry powder of eggs containing about 200 µg / dry weight of selenium (which is present in egg white of total selenium, that is, about 65% of organicized selenium) was added to 500 g of mushroom growing medium. About 100 to 270 µg of selenium was identified per 100 g of the mushrooms, and it was found that more than 75% of them were organic.

Hereinafter, although this invention is demonstrated with the following manufacture example, an Example, and a test example, the scope of the present invention is not restrict | limited by these.

The accumulation of selenium and how to measure organic selenium in mushrooms are as follows:

1) selenium accumulation measurement

The total amount of selenium accumulated in the mushroom was quantified using an oxygen flask combustion method. First, 25 ml of diluted nitric acid solution was placed in an oxygen flask and saturated with blowing gaseous oxygen. After lyophilized mushroom samples were wrapped in Whatman paper, platinum was placed in a bag and ignited and burned in a flask saturated with oxygen. After standing for 10 minutes, the flask was washed with distilled water and adjusted to a final volume of 150 ml. After adjusting the pH to 2.0 using ammonia water, the mixture was reacted with hydroxyamine HCl and diaminonaphthalene solution, the resulting compound was extracted with cyclohexane, and the absorbance was measured at 380 nm. At this time, in order to obtain a standard curve for the concentration, the sodium selenite solution with a known concentration was used together with the above experiment. As a control, only burnt Whatman paper was used.

2) organic selenium measurement

Organic selenium was quantified by subtracting the amount of selenium remaining in the inorganic state (selenite) without organication from the total amount of selenium accumulated in the mushroom (total amount quantified by the oxygen flask digestion method). The amount of inorganic selenium was quantified using the 3,3'-diaminobenzidine method. Experiments confirmed that 3,3-diaminobenzidine reacts with selenite ions to form a yellow substance, but not with organic selenium such as selenocysteine or selenomethionine. Appropriate amount of lyophilized mushroom powder was dissolved in ammonia chloride solution in a flask and the pH adjusted to 2-3. The color reaction was started by adding 0.5% diaminobenzidine solution, and the pH was corrected to neutral again with ammonia water. The resulting yellowish material was extracted with toluene and absorbance was measured at 420 nm. To find the standard curve for the concentration, the sodium selenite solution with known concentration was used together as described above.

Preparation Example 1: Preparation of Selenium-Yeast Complex

390 g of molasses was added to ammonia chloride, potassium phosphate, magnesium sulfate, potassium chloride, and the like, followed by sterilization to be used as a minimal medium for yeast. At this time, the pH was adjusted to 6.5 by using ammonia water and the air injection amount was supplied through a sterile filter at 4 liters / minute. 105 g of yeast cells were inoculated and incubated for about 8 hours.

Separately, 85 mg of sodium selenite and 480 g of molasses were uniformly mixed and fed to the fermenter in culture using a pump for 18 hours continuously. After the supply of selenium, the cells were further incubated for about 2 hours under the same conditions, and then the operation was stopped to recover the cultured cells. The yeast cells were separated by centrifugation and washed with the minimal medium used above. The yeast cell was dried using a lyophilizer, and the amount of selenium accumulated in the cell was measured using an oxygen flask digestion method, and the accumulated amount was about 500 µg / g of dry cell.

Preparation Example 2: Preparation of Selenium-Containing Egg Dried

50 g of the selenium-yeast complex prepared in Preparation Example 1 was added to 50 g of the feed and mixed to prepare a feed to which the selenium-yeast complex was added. The feed composition thus prepared was administered to a group of five laying hens, each consisting of 10 birds, at an average of about 110 g per day, collecting about 80 eggs per laying group on day 10, of which 20 were separated at 3 day intervals. A total of 60 dogs were randomly selected and egg yolk and egg white were separated, lyophilized, and selenium content was measured by oxygen flask digestion. The total amount of selenium accumulated in egg yolk and egg white was about 42 µg. Among them, the amount of organic selenium accumulated in egg white was about 31 µg, which was about 65% of total selenium.

Example 1 Preparation of Selenium-Containing Mushrooms in a Medium Composition for Mushroom Cultivation Added with Inorganic Selenium

1a) Preparation of Sodium Selenite-Containing Enoki Mushroom Medium Composition

To 500 g of the top mushroom cultivation medium mixed with sawdust and rice bran at 80:20 (v / v), sodium selenite was added to water at a concentration ranging from 200 µg to 20 mg (see Table 1) so that the water content was 65%. Mix well. The mixture was bottled and sterilized at 121atm for 60 minutes to 90 minutes under pressure at 1.2atm to cool the medium to 20-23 ° C, thereby preparing a media composition for growing mushrooms.

1b) Preparation of Sodium Selenite-Containing Enoki Mushroom

In the culture medium composition prepared above, the fungus was inoculated aseptically. After inoculating the inorganic selenium while incubating the mycelia for 25-30 days at 18-22 ° C. for each inoculated incubator, the amount of selenium in the mushroom was measured by inducing fruiting bodies from the mycelium. At 200 μg, the ratio of organic selenium to the total amount of selenium in the mushroom was 20-40%.

2a) Preparation of Sodium Selenite-Containing Pleurotus Mushroom and Mushroom Culture Composition

Different concentrations of sodium selenite in water range from 200 µg to 20 mg in 500 g of oyster mushroom and mushroom mushroom cultivation medium, which are separately mixed with rice or rice straw, sawdust and rice bran at 80:20 (v / v). Add to (see Table 1) and mix well. It was put in a box and sterilized at 60 to 70 ℃ for 8 to 10 hours at atmospheric pressure to cool the medium to 20 to 23 ℃ to prepare a culture medium composition for mushrooms.

2b) Preparation of Sodium Selenate-Containing Pleurotus Mushroom and Mushroom Mushroom

Oyster mushroom and mushroom mushroom fungus were inoculated in the aseptic phase, respectively. Each inoculator was incubated with sodium selenite while incubating the mycelia for 25-30 days at 18 ° C. to 22 ° C., and then the fruiting body was induced from the mycelium to measure the amount of selenium in the mushrooms. The ratio of organic selenium to the total amount of selenium in the mushroom was from 20 to 40%, respectively.

Example 2: Preparation of Selenium-Containing Enoki Mushrooms in a Mushroom Culture Medium Composition Added with Selenium-Yeast Complex

In place of sodium selenite, 100 g of the final selenium-containing top mushroom was obtained in the same manner as in Examples 1a) and 1b), except that 1 g of the selenium-yeast complex prepared in Preparation Example 1) was added. The amount of selenium accumulated in the 100 g of the mushroom was measured. The ratio of organic selenium to the total amount of selenium in the final mushroom was 70% at 90 to 250 µg.

Example 3: Preparation of Selenium-Containing Enoki Mushrooms in a Media Composition for Mushroom Cultivation with Selenium-Containing Egg Powder

In the same manner as in Examples 1a) and 1b), except that instead of sodium selenite, a dry weight of a dry weight of 1 g of selenium-containing eggs containing 200 µg of selenium prepared in Preparation Example 2) was added thereto 100 g of the final selenium-containing mushrooms were obtained. The amount of selenium accumulated in this 100 g of mushroom was measured, and the ratio of organic selenium to the total amount of selenium in the final mushroom was 75% at 100 to 270 µg.

Test Example

Hereinafter, the mushroom mycelial growth and mycelial density during mushroom cultivation in the mushroom cultivation medium composition of the present invention prepared according to Example 1 will be described in detail.

Sodium selenite was added to the control medium (0 μg / 50g), 20 μg / 50g, 50 μg / 50g, 100 μg / 50g, 200 μg / 50g, 500 μg / 50g, 1000 μg / 50g as the inorganic selenium. 2000 μg / 50 g each was inoculated with oyster mushrooms, enoki mushrooms and mushroom fungus mycelium, respectively, and mycelial growth and density were examined. The results are shown in Table 1 below.

Different kinds of mushrooms Concentration (㎍ / mushroom cultivation medium 500g) Mycelial growth rate (mm / 10 days) Mycelial density Fruiting body quantity Oyster mushroom Contrast (0) 200 5001000200050001000020000 120118119120125118117113 +++++++++++++++++++ 1865g / 45 × 45cm Box1923214222602348223219871873 Enoki Mushroom 02005001000200050001000020000 108110109113112109109108 ++++++++++++++++++ 189g / 850cc203211207199193193192 Mushroom 02005001000200050001000020000 1021051041031031019087 ++++++++++++++++++ 1436g / 45 × 45cm Box1523157816081613149814851452

As can be seen in Table 1, the oyster mushroom in the control group without the addition of sodium selenite and sodium selenite treated by concentration did not differ in the rate of mycelial growth, mycelial density was better in the treatment. Mycelial growth was not different in the mushrooms and mushrooms treated with 200 µg / 50 g, but the mycelial growth was slightly inhibited as the concentration increased to 500 µg / 50 g, 1000 µg / 50 g and 2000 µg / 50 g. The mycelial density was much higher in the treated group than in the untreated group.

In addition, the yield of Pleurotus eryngii, Enoki mushroom, and mushroom fruiting body was increased about 15% in the treatment group compared to no treatment.

It can be seen that the selenium-containing mushroom prepared according to the present invention contains a large amount of organic selenium which is not toxic to the human body and has a high absorption rate.

In addition, mushroom cultivation medium composition containing inorganic selenium, selenium-yeast complex or selenium-containing egg dried according to the present invention has a high component transition to organic selenium during mushroom cultivation, the mycelial density and the effect of increase in cultivation.

Claims (15)

To the mushroom cultivation medium, a culture medium for mushroom cultivation comprising adding at least one selenium source selected from the group consisting of selenium-yeast complex and selenium-containing egg dried dried eggs produced by ingesting the selenium-yeast complex into a laying hen. Composition. The mushroom cultivation medium composition according to claim 1, wherein the mushroom cultivation medium is a top mushroom, oyster mushroom or a mushroom cultivation medium. delete The mushroom cultivation medium composition according to claim 1, wherein the selenium content of the selenium source is 1 × 10 ^{−5 to} 1 × 10 ⁻³ parts by weight based on 100 parts by weight of the mushroom cultivation medium. delete The culture medium composition for mushroom cultivation according to claim 1, wherein the selenium-yeast complex is fermented while supplying sodium selenite to a fermenter inoculated with yeast, and the yeast cells are separated after the cultivation is completed. delete The culture medium composition for mushroom cultivation according to claim 6, wherein the yeast is Saccharomyces cerevisiae or Saccharomyces Carlsbergensis. In the production method of the mushroom culture medium composition, (1) adding a source of selenium to the mushroom cultivation medium; (2) adding water to adjust the water content to 60 to 70%; And (3) sterilizing at 70-121 ° C. for 1-10 hours in a container, and then cooling the medium to 25 ° C., The selenium source used in the step (1) is at least one selected from the group consisting of selenium-yeast complex and selenium-containing egg dried, wherein the selenium-yeast complex ferments while supplying sodium selenite to the fermenter inoculated with yeast. Method of producing a culture medium composition for mushroom cultivation is prepared by separating the yeast cells after the culture is terminated. Selenium-containing mushrooms, characterized in that prepared using the culture medium composition for mushroom cultivation according to any one of claims 1, 2, 4, 6, 8. The method according to claim 10, wherein the mushroom cultivation medium is inoculated in the aseptic inoculation mushrooms, incubated for 18 to 26 days at 21 to 25 ℃, and then produced by inducing fruiting body in the mycelium of the mushroom selenium- Containing mushrooms. 11. The selenium-containing mushroom of claim 10, wherein the content of organic selenium is at least 40% based on the total amount of selenium in the mushroom. 12. The selenium-containing mushroom of claim 11, wherein the content of organic selenium is at least 40% based on the total amount of selenium in the mushroom. 13. The selenium-containing mushroom according to claim 12, wherein the content of organic selenium is 70% or more based on the total amount of selenium in the mushroom. 14. The selenium-containing mushroom of claim 13, wherein the content of organic selenium is 70% or more based on the total amount of selenium in the mushroom.