KR100893967B1 - Process for cultivating Agrocybe cylindracea containing minerals and fertilizer containing the by-product thereof - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention is to supply minerals in the form of plant absorption to the cultivation process of the willow mushroom to be absorbed through the metabolic process of the mushroom and to ensure that the absorbed minerals are present in the plant in the organic form in a safe and efficient manner A method for cultivating mushrooms to be contained in a plant in the form of organic matter. According to the present invention, it is possible to produce and supply a competitive agricultural product by producing a high value-added functional mushroom in a form containing minerals.

Willow mushroom, mineral

Description

Process for cultivating Agrocybe cylindracea containing minerals and fertilizer containing the by-product approx}

The present invention is to supply minerals in the form of plant absorption to the cultivation process of the willow mushroom to be absorbed through the metabolic process of the mushroom and to ensure that the absorbed minerals are present in the plant in the organic form in a safe and efficient manner A method for cultivating mushrooms to be contained in a plant in the form of organic matter.

Mushroom has been used for edible and medicinal for about 3,000 years, and it is reported that the mushroom-derived materials are useful for the treatment or prevention of various cancers and for the prevention of cancer caused by immune enhancement. Mushrooms are divided into Mycelium and Fruiting Body. Mycelium means that spores of mushrooms germinate to form a thread. Abundance of bioactive substances and germs are germinated to form sprouts It is called a mushroom.

Agrocybe cylindracea is a taxonomy belonging to the genus Bolbitiaceae Agrocybe and occurs in clusters of dead wood or stumps of hardwoods. When mushrooms occur, the shade of fruiting body is dark brown when it is young, but the color of the shade changes slightly depending on climatic conditions. It changes to light yellow or white when drying, and the color of the shade is pale yellow to light brown when it is wet. The fruit diameter of the fruiting body is 3-10cm, the length of the stand is 5-15cm long, and the large diameter is 0.6-1.5cm. The surface of the fruiting body is wrinkled after maturation, and sometimes the tip of the shade is cracked. Willow mushrooms are used for food as mushrooms that form fruiting bodies even in spores.

On the other hand, minerals represented by germanium, selenium, tourmaline, and the like are evenly distributed in a small amount in the natural mineral or surface soil layer, and it is confirmed that even a small amount of groundwater is contained. Therefore, perennial plants that grow on mineral-rich soils or some plants that grow in areas where mineral water flows are found to have trace minerals in the plants.

However, ingesting large amounts of minerals directly in the form of minerals may cause fatal harm, so organically ingesting them may be a safe method. Until now, there are some kinds of mineral-containing agricultural products on the market, but these are mainly simple additions of minerals to the growing process of crops, and it is not easy to check the presence of minerals, and there is no established method of analyzing them.

Therefore, there is a need for a very advanced system that provides naturalized minerals through natural plants that have no side effects on the human body by allowing the minerals to be efficiently absorbed into the plant properly.

As a result of earnestly researching the formulation of minerals that can be safely consumed by consumers, the present inventors have used a medium containing minerals in a stabilized state that is easily absorbed by plants as a nutrient source of mushrooms that is easily accessible to the diet. As a result of cultivating the mushrooms, it is possible to take in the form of daily foods nutritional ingredients such as mushrooms that exhibit various effects, such as preventing various adult diseases, and organic minerals that show various functionalities, which are efficiently absorbed in the metabolic processes of the mushrooms. By unexpectedly discovering that various diseases can be prevented in advance, the present inventors have completed the present invention.

Therefore, an object of the present invention is to stabilize the mineral solution that emits anions and far infrared rays, and then add it to the culture medium of the mushrooms, and by culturing the mushrooms (e.g., willow mushrooms) in the medium, the plants absorb the minerals at a high absorption rate, The absorption-transferred minerals are present in the mushrooms in the form of organic matter by carbon assimilation, thereby providing a method for cultivating mushrooms rich in organic minerals.

In one aspect, the present invention stabilizes minerals that emit anions and far infrared rays, and then adds them to the culture medium of the mushrooms, and incubates the mushrooms (e.g., willow mushrooms) in the medium to absorb the minerals at high absorption rates. In addition, the absorption-transferred minerals are present in the mushrooms in the form of organic matter by carbon assimilation, thereby providing a method for cultivating mushrooms rich in organic minerals.

More specifically, the cultivation method of willow mushrooms containing organic minerals according to the present invention

a) Minerals are added in a mixture of 1 to 10% potato powder, 1 to 10% soybean meal powder and 80 to 98% water by weight to a final concentration of 2 to 100 ppm and then 1 at 121 ° C. Sterilizing for 2 hours to prepare a seed culture medium;

b) inoculating the Agrocybe cylindracea spawn in the medium in an amount of 1 to 10% with respect to the medium;

c) incubating the spawn at 22-27 ° C. for 7-10 days;

d) Separately put Misong sawdust into spawn bottle, sterilize at 121 ℃ for 1 ~ 2 hours, cool at room temperature and inoculate 1-10% of liquid spawn grown in step c) to inoculate the spawn at 22 ~ 27 ℃. Culturing for 10 days to prepare sawdust spawn;

e) Add minerals to the final concentration of 2 ~ 100ppm in the mixture of 30 ~ 70% of unsong sawdust and 30 ~ 70% corn cob (by-product of corn) by weight, mix well, and put them in spawn bottle. Preparing a culture medium by sterilization at 121 ° C. for 1-2 hours; And

f) inoculating the mineral-containing liquid spawn in the culture medium and incubating at 10-13 ° C. for about 50-65 days

It includes.

Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail an embodiment to which the spirit of the present invention can be applied centering around a willow mushroom that can be economically produced in a farmhouse, but the present invention is provided to more easily understand the present invention. It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to willow mushrooms and can be readily applied to all edible mushrooms that can be grown on a regular farm.

The cultivation environment of the willow mushrooms can be divided into four types: temperature, humidity, ventilation, light, etc. Among them, even if one part does not meet the conditions, even if the mushrooms are grown and grown, the deformed mushrooms may not occur at all. .

Hereinafter, the conditions necessary for the cultivation of willow mushrooms will be described.

end. Temperature

The temperature conditions for the willow mushrooms can be divided into three types of temperature conditions: mycelial culture temperature, fruiting body generation temperature, fruiting body growth temperature, and suitable temperature range for mycelial culture is 5 ~ 35 ° C, preferably 22 ~. 27 degreeC is good and optimal temperature is about 25 degreeC. However, even at such temperature conditions, it is good to cultivate by modifying the temperature according to the conditions of the culture facility and the amount of cultivation. Most mushrooms breathe during mycelial culture. When the cultivation is carried out by the heat of respiration, cultivation at the temperature of cultivation at high temperature results in high temperature failure in the incubator. It often takes a long time. Therefore, when the amount of culture is small, the room temperature is adjusted to an appropriate temperature, but when the amount of culture is large, it is possible to obtain a more preferable yield by culturing by subtracting the culture temperature about 2 ~ 6 ℃.

On the other hand, 15-22 degreeC is suitable for the temperature range suitable for fruiting body generation, and the optimal temperature is good about 15-18 degreeC. However, if the temperature is higher or lower than the temperature of mushroom development, the length of the foot lengthened or malformed mushrooms occur, so that normal foot shape cannot be observed. Therefore, if the temperature is higher than the temperature, mushroom generation may be fast, but there is a concern that the tissue is not faithful and the quantity is also low.

In addition, the temperature range suitable for fruiting body growth is similar to the temperature range at the time of footing, but the optimum temperature is about 15 ° C, and it is better to set the temperature range somewhat narrower than the temperature at the time of footing. However, if only mushrooms are produced normally, the temperature during growth does not cause any particular problem.

I. Humidity

Similarly, the humidity conditions for cultivating willow mushrooms can be divided into three categories: indoor humidity in mycelial culture, humidity when fruiting occurs, and indoor humidity when fruiting.

In the mycelial culture of willow mushrooms, the room humidity is preferably in the range of 65-70%. In case of mycelial culture, if indoor humidity is higher than the above range, there is a possibility of infection with other harmful bacteria, whereas if the indoor humidity is dry, the surface of the medium is dried and mycelia are not cultured. When the mushrooms are generated, the feet are not constant, and there is a fear that the feet are partially formed on the surface of the medium. Therefore, the indoor humidity control of the culture chamber is better to install and adjust the ultra-fine humidifier particles than the non-humidification humidifier coarse water particles.

When mushrooms occur, indoor humidity should be adjusted to more than 90 ~ 95%. In addition, ventilation and light are not necessary, but temperature and humidity are necessary until the fungus is scraped on the culture medium before the mushroom is generated to float the new mycelium on the surface of the medium to generate the mushroom. At this time, when new hyphae emerge, the fruiting body should be induced by treating the conditions of ventilation and light together. Humidifiers are also suitable for foot chambers.

The indoor humidity of the growth room is 80 ~ 85%, which is somewhat lower than the humidity of the foot room. If the indoor humidity in the growth room is higher than the above range, the mushrooms may become water mushrooms, but the yield may be high, but they cause a phenomenon of quickly decaying and bacterial infection. In particular, when the humidity is high, if the ventilation is not ventilated, the relative humidity is high, there is a problem that there is a lot of mushrooms deformed mushrooms and malformed.

All. Ventilation

Ventilation conditions of cultivators will be divided into ventilation conditions during mycelial growth and when fruiting bodies occur and fruiting body growth. The CO₂ concentration in each stage is 3,000 ~ 4,000ppm in the cultivation chamber, 1000 ~ 1500ppm in the cultivation room, 1500 ~ 1,500 ~ It is good to ventilate to about 2000ppm. This is because the fungus grows in mycelial growth, fruiting body development and growth, it is not possible to ventilate mycelia well and harvest normal mushrooms without ventilation. Therefore, ventilation is the most important condition for growing any mushroom. In particular, due to the characteristics of the bacteria absorbs fresh oxygen to emit carbon dioxide, it can be said that the lack of oxygen rather than the increase of indoor carbon dioxide.

Ventilation during mycelial growth is not a problem in growing conditions. The reason for this is that the hyphae grow well even in the culture vessel when the carbon dioxide concentration in the culture vessel is about 10000 ~ 20000ppm, the ventilation in the culture chamber is only about 3000 ~ 4000ppm carbon dioxide concentration. However, when hyphae are cultured, moisture is evaporated to the outside of the container by the breathing heat, and the surface of the medium is easily dried. Therefore, humidity is more important than ventilation.

On the other hand, it is appropriate to adjust the ventilation amount when the mushroom is generated about 1000 ~ 1500ppm. At this time, if the carbon dioxide concentration in the foot room is increased due to insufficient ventilation, the occurrence of mushrooms may not be met or the hyphae may only float on the surface of the medium. Even if mushrooms are generated, there may be a partial or malformed mushroom. There is. Therefore, the ventilation control of the foot room is the most important for mushroom cultivation. All these environmental conditions must be coordinated to produce normal mushrooms, and the feet grow well to grow normally.

In addition, the ventilation of the growth room is appropriately in the range of about 2000 ~ 3000ppm, it is better to set the ventilation amount less than the foot. In the growth room, when the ventilation amount is higher than the appropriate concentration, the fruiting body is distorted in the late stage, and when it is lower than the proper concentration, there is a problem that the lampshade is opened early and the stand is shortened.

Cultivation of willow mushrooms according to the present invention can be divided into three steps of spawn culture, sawdust culture, the main culture, the first spawn culture is based on the weight of potato powder 1 ~ 10%, soybean meal powder 1 ~ 10% and water 80 Add minerals to a final concentration of 2-100 ppm to the mixture blended at a rate of ˜98%. This seed medium is most preferably mixed at a ratio of 5% potato powder, 3% soybean meal powder and 92% water. Subsequently, the medium mixture to which the mineral was added was sterilized at 121 ° C. for 1 to 2 hours to prepare a seed culture medium, and the seedlings of Agrocybe cylindracea seedlings were inoculated into the medium in an amount of 1 to 10%. It is carried out by incubating for 7-10 days at 22 ~ 27 ℃, preferably 25 ℃. In this case, it is good to set the humidity and ventilation conditions appropriately as described above.

Subsequently, put Misong sawdust in a spawn bottle separately, sterilize at 121 ° C. for 1-2 hours, cool at room temperature, inoculate the grown liquid spawn and incubate the spawn for 7-10 days at 22-27 ° C. Manufacture.

Finally, to the mixture containing 30-70% of unconsumed sawdust, preferably 50%, corncove 30-70%, preferably 50% by weight, the minerals were added to a final concentration of 2-100 ppm and mixed well. After sterilizing for 1 to 2 hours at 121 ℃ in the spawn bottle to prepare the culture medium, inoculate the mineral-containing liquid spawn in the culture medium and incubated at 10-13 ℃ for 50-65 days to grow the mushrooms By harvesting willow mushrooms containing organicized minerals can be obtained.

Mushroom bacteria are suitably inoculated in an amount of 1 to 10% based on the total volume. Cultivation is preferable to stationary culture rather than shaking culture.

The present invention is characterized by providing a stabilized inorganic mineral solution to cultivated mushrooms to be converted to organic minerals in the plant through the metabolic process of the mushrooms to provide a pine mushroom containing organicized minerals.

Therefore, in order to increase the content of the mineralized organic matter in the culture medium willow, it may be more preferable to add the mineral in the form of a solution.

These minerals can sufficiently balance the cations and anions, activate the body fluids in the form of weak alkalis, and as a source of minerals one or more natural minerals rich in minerals such as germanium, selenium, tourmaline, Minerals rich in silicates such as zeolites and clays can be appropriately treated, and in order to form an aqueous solution, these are dissolved in a solvent containing water or an aqueous alkali solution under heating if necessary, and then inorganic salts, metal ions, etc. The stabilizer can be treated and stabilized and then mixed with the nutrient medium to be used.

Liquefaction of minerals may be accomplished by first dissolving the raw minerals under appropriate solvents and specific conditions. It is preferable to use water or aqueous alkali solution, and to avoid using nitric acid, hydrochloric acid, etc. as a solvent. In the case of using an alkaline solution, a strong alkaline aqueous solution is particularly preferable, and as an example, a strong alkaline aqueous solution such as sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, sodium carbonate, potassium carbonate, or a mixed solution thereof is used. In particular, it may be desirable to use a mixed solution of aqueous potassium carbonate solution and aqueous potassium hydroxide solution. The mixing ratio of the mineral and the solvent is based on the weight of the solvent: mineral is preferably the lower the mineral content, it is usually good to mix in a ratio of 100: 0.1 ~ 10. The ratio of approximately 100: 1 is the most economical.

The suitably blended mixture is aged by stirring for a suitable period of time, such as 30 minutes to 24 hours, more preferably 1 to 7 hours, most preferably 3 hours, to obtain a mineral solution. In mineral dissolution, temperature conditions may be very sensitive, and the dissolution process may be performed at a temperature of 35 to 120 ° C., more preferably 80 to 110 ° C.

As a stabilizer, sodium hypophosphite or sodium hydroxide may be added at a ratio of about 1: 0.5 to 2 based on the amount of minerals (mineral dissolving liquid), and more preferably, it is added in a manner similar to the amount of minerals. Can be obtained. Instead of sodium hypophosphite, a known stabilizer having the same functionality may be used.

The stabilizer is preferably used in 5% by weight or less based on the total weight of the mineral solution liquid composition.

The mineral solution can be used without limitation various minerals, for example, not limited to these, germanium, selenium, tourmaline, zeolite, ganban stone, clay, serpentine, hornblende, bentonite and diatomaceous earth and the like.

The addition form of the inorganic material and minerals may be added in powder form, but it may be more preferable to add the liquid in the form of mushroom to be absorbed and used. In the case of providing the inorganic mineral solution, it is appropriate to use the inorganic mineral solution at a concentration of about 2 to 100 ppm, and it is preferable to incubate by adding a final concentration of 10 to 50 ppm when culturing. As a result of the test of the present inventors, the addition of inorganic minerals at a final concentration of 2 ppm or less results in very low conversion of organic minerals, and addition of more than 100 ppm of inorganic minerals can cause problems in the conversion of organic minerals and the growth of microorganisms. have. When the growth time is more than 100ppm, the growth period is long, and it will be confirmed that the willow mushrooms do not grow as a whole but only a part of them.

In general, it is possible to expect the prevention of various diseases by ingesting mineralized organics through diet, but also considering that the crops grown in ordinary soils are extremely small in mineral content, so it is difficult to expect the effect. Inventions have been made.

The price of agricultural products is falling gradually, and the import of low-quality, high-quality foreign crops is increasing. Under these circumstances, mineral-rich crops can be of sufficient value in the agricultural market, where low-priced foreign produce is abundant, and can be sufficiently competitive even if foreign produce is imported.

In still another aspect, the present invention provides a high-quality fertilizer, characterized in that the medium is a by-product containing a very high content of organic matter remaining after the cultivation with a fertilizer excipient.

If inorganic minerals remain unconverted into organic minerals, microorganisms will not be cultured. Since microorganisms are not higher organisms, such as mammals and humans, if there is a material that is not suitable for them, the culture itself does not become a culture itself. Thus, the remaining medium component can be a good fertilizer.

Recently, the development of feed or fertilizer using food waste, farm by-products, etc. has been active, but there was no way to utilize mushroom culture itself as a fertilizer. Thus, even though the mycelium contains a large amount of nutrients, it is not properly utilized and is generally used as compost of vegetable orchard farmers or treated as waste. The medium remaining after the cultivation is appropriately decomposed by the mycelium, which can be dried and pulverized to be used as a fertilizer.

<Example>

Hereinafter, the present invention is described in more detail by the following representative examples, but the present invention is not limited in any way by these examples.

Example 1 Preparation of Germanium Solution

7.2 g of germanium dioxide (GeO ₂ ) was added to 1000 ml (w / v) of purified water to inhibit evaporation of water at a temperature of about 80 ° C., and heated and stirred for about 8 hours to prepare a 5000 ppm germanium solution. At this time, the evaporated water should be absent at all to enable the preparation of the correct concentration. The prepared 5000 ppm solution was diluted to concentration and used for strain culture.

Example 2: Cultivation of Liquid Seedlings

delete

delete

To a solution containing 50 g of potato, 30 g of soybean meal and 1000 ml of purified water, the germanium solution prepared in Example 1 was added to a final concentration of 50 ppm, sterilized at 121 ° C. for 90 minutes, and then the willow seedlings were added to the total volume. The spawn was incubated for one week at 25 ° C. with a volume of 5%.

Example 3: Sawdust spawn culture

Into a 1000 ml spawn bottle, 700 g of Misong sawdust was sterilized at 121 ° C. for about 2 hours, cooled at room temperature, and then inoculated with 2% (14 ml) of the liquid spawn grown in Example 2, followed by 1 week at 25 ° C. Sawdust spawn was prepared by growing.

Example 4: Germanium willow cultivation

The mixture of 50% by weight of sawdust and 50% by weight of corn cob was added to the mixture of germanium solution according to Example 1 (total concentration of 100 ppm), which was then well mixed and sterilized at 121 ° C. for 90 minutes at room temperature. Cooled. Inoculated with an organic germanium liquid spawn pre-cultivated in a chilled spawn bottle was incubated for 55 days to produce a germanium willow mushroom. Incubation temperature was continuously maintained at 10 ~ 13 ℃. In a similar manner, mineral solutions such as tourmaline and selenium can be stabilized and used for the cultivation of willow mushrooms of the present invention.

Example 5: Production of By-Product Fertilizers after Culture of Willow Mushrooms

The sawdust medium of the mushroom, which is a by-product obtained in Example 4, was hot-air dried under a condition of 85 ° C., and then crushed with a crusher to prepare a mineral-containing fertilizer having a high organic content. It can also be used as a functional mineral fertilizer or animal feed in a mushroom medium with moisture without undergoing a drying process.

Test Example 1: Organic Germanium Content Test

In the willow mushrooms according to Example 4, the results were analyzed by the Korea Basic Science Institute (Analyzer-ICP / MS) to determine whether the germanium was contained. The results are shown in Table 1 below. Germanium was not detected in the control group not treated with germanium.

Organic germanium content (mg / kg) Experiment 0.12 Control   Not detected

As described above, by producing a mushroom containing minerals according to the present invention by providing a low-cost, high-concentration organic minerals in a short time, by eliminating the chemical method, minerals through the plant metabolism in an efficient manner It can be absorbed into the body to provide minerals in a safe manner without side effects to the human body, and also to easily ingest nutrients from crops, to exhibit the pharmacological effects of organic minerals, contribute to health promotion, containing organic minerals It is possible to provide a crop by differentiating to combine the functionality and palatability of the crop.

Claims (4)

a) Minerals are added to a mixture of 1 to 10% potato powder, 1 to 10% soybean meal powder and 80 to 98% water by weight to a final concentration of 2 to 100 ppm by weight, followed by 1 at 121 ° C. Sterilizing for 2 hours to prepare a seed culture medium; b) inoculating the Agrocybe cylindracea spawn in the medium in an amount of 1-10% with respect to the medium volume; c) incubating the spawn at 22-27 ° C. for 7-10 days; d) Separately put Misong sawdust into spawn bottle, sterilize for 1 ~ 2 hours at 121 ℃, cool at room temperature, and inoculate 1 ~ 10% of the liquid spawn grown in step c) to inoculate the spawn 7 ~ 22 ~ 27 ℃. Culturing for 10 days to produce sawdust spawn; e) Mix the mixture with 30 ~ 70% of Misong Sawdust and 30 ~ 70% Corn Cob (by-rice) by adding the final concentration of 2 ~ 100ppm, and mix it in the spawn bottle. Preparing a culture medium by sterilization at 1-2 ° C. for 1 hour; And f) inoculating the mineral-containing liquid spawn in the culture medium and incubating at 10-13 ° C. for 50-65 days Cultivation method of willow mushrooms containing organic minerals, characterized in that it comprises a. The method of claim 1, wherein the mineral is germanium or selenium. The method of claim 1, wherein the mineral is dissolved in or without heating with a solvent containing water or an aqueous alkali solution, and then stabilized by treating a stabilizer composed of sodium hypophosphite, sodium hydroxide or a mixture thereof. How to be. delete