JPWO2021020107A1 - 潤滑油添加剤及びそれを含む潤滑油組成物 - Google Patents
潤滑油添加剤及びそれを含む潤滑油組成物 Download PDFInfo
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- JPWO2021020107A1 JPWO2021020107A1 JP2021500244A JP2021500244A JPWO2021020107A1 JP WO2021020107 A1 JPWO2021020107 A1 JP WO2021020107A1 JP 2021500244 A JP2021500244 A JP 2021500244A JP 2021500244 A JP2021500244 A JP 2021500244A JP WO2021020107 A1 JPWO2021020107 A1 JP WO2021020107A1
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- Prior art keywords
- sulfur
- carbon atoms
- lubricating oil
- compound
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- Prior art date
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- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 109
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 65
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- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 claims abstract description 99
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 85
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 83
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 75
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 75
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- 239000004166 Lanolin Substances 0.000 description 2
- MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitric oxide Chemical compound O=[N] MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XYFCBTPGUUZFHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphine Chemical compound P XYFCBTPGUUZFHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- LQZZUXJYWNFBMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N dodecan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCO LQZZUXJYWNFBMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N trans-butenedioic acid Natural products OC(=O)C=CC(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MTPVUVINMAGMJL-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethyl(1,1,2,2,2-pentafluoroethyl)silane Chemical compound C[Si](C)(C)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)F MTPVUVINMAGMJL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QXJQHYBHAIHNGG-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethylolethane Chemical compound OCC(C)(CO)CO QXJQHYBHAIHNGG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000002948 undecyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
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- 235000019871 vegetable fat Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000010698 whale oil Substances 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M135/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium
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- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M135/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium
- C10M135/32—Heterocyclic sulfur, selenium or tellurium compounds
- C10M135/36—Heterocyclic sulfur, selenium or tellurium compounds the ring containing sulfur and carbon with nitrogen or oxygen
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- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M141/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being a mixture of two or more compounds covered by more than one of the main groups C10M125/00 - C10M139/00, each of these compounds being essential
- C10M141/08—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being a mixture of two or more compounds covered by more than one of the main groups C10M125/00 - C10M139/00, each of these compounds being essential at least one of them being an organic sulfur-, selenium- or tellurium-containing compound
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- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M135/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium
- C10M135/12—Thio-acids; Thiocyanates; Derivatives thereof
- C10M135/14—Thio-acids; Thiocyanates; Derivatives thereof having a carbon-to-sulfur double bond
- C10M135/18—Thio-acids; Thiocyanates; Derivatives thereof having a carbon-to-sulfur double bond thiocarbamic type, e.g. containing the groups
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- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M169/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by containing as components a mixture of at least two types of ingredient selected from base-materials, thickeners or additives, covered by the preceding groups, each of these compounds being essential
- C10M169/04—Mixtures of base-materials and additives
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- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2203/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds and hydrocarbon fractions as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2203/003—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds and hydrocarbon fractions as ingredients in lubricant compositions used as base material
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2219/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2219/06—Thio-acids; Thiocyanates; Derivatives thereof
- C10M2219/062—Thio-acids; Thiocyanates; Derivatives thereof having carbon-to-sulfur double bonds
- C10M2219/066—Thiocarbamic type compounds
- C10M2219/068—Thiocarbamate metal salts
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- C10M2219/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2219/08—Thiols; Sulfides; Polysulfides; Mercaptals
- C10M2219/082—Thiols; Sulfides; Polysulfides; Mercaptals containing sulfur atoms bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms
- C10M2219/085—Thiols; Sulfides; Polysulfides; Mercaptals containing sulfur atoms bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms containing carboxyl groups; Derivatives thereof
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- C10M2219/10—Heterocyclic compounds containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium compounds in the ring
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- C10M2219/106—Thiadiazoles
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- C10M2223/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2223/02—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions having no phosphorus-to-carbon bonds
- C10M2223/04—Phosphate esters
- C10M2223/045—Metal containing thio derivatives
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- C10N2030/00—Specified physical or chemical properties which is improved by the additive characterising the lubricating composition, e.g. multifunctional additives
- C10N2030/06—Oiliness; Film-strength; Anti-wear; Resistance to extreme pressure
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- C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
- C10N2040/25—Internal-combustion engines
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
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- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Lubricants (AREA)
Abstract
Description
例えば、本発明で用いるモリブデン化合物(A)として、R1及びR2がエチルヘキシル基で、R3及びR4がイソトリデシル基であり、X1、X2が硫黄原子でX3、X4が酸素原子であることが好ましい。
金属系清浄剤としては、アルカリ土類金属スルホネート、アルカリ土類金属フェネート、アルカリ土類金属サリシレート、アルカリ土類金属ホスホネート等が挙げられ、アルカリ土類金属としては、マグネシウム、カルシウム、バリウム等が挙げられる。これらの中でも、カルシウム系清浄剤及びマグネシウム系清浄剤からなる群から選択される少なくとも1つの金属系清浄剤を、カルシウム元素とマグネシウム元素の合計で、潤滑油組成物全量に対して0.05〜0.4質量%で含有することが好ましい。
無灰型分散剤としては、アルケニル無水コハク酸とポリアミン化合物との縮合反応によって得られるコハク酸イミド型分散剤、アルケニル無水コハク酸とポリオール化合物との縮合反応によって得られるコハク酸エステル型分散剤、アルケニル無水コハク酸とアルカノールアミンとの縮合反応によって得られるコハク酸エステルアミド型分散剤、アルキルフェノールとポリアミンをホルムアルデヒドで縮合させて得られるマンニッヒ塩基系分散剤及びこれらのホウ酸変性物等が挙げられる。潤滑油組成物は、無灰型分散剤を、潤滑油組成物全量に対して0.5〜10質量%含有することが好ましい。
酸化防止剤としては、アミン系酸化防止剤、フェノール系酸化防止剤、フェノチアジン系酸化防止剤、亜リン酸エステル系酸化防止剤等が挙げられる。酸化防止剤の好ましい配合量は、潤滑油組成物全量に対して0.1〜10質量%程度である。
リン系耐摩耗剤又はリン系酸化防止剤としては、例えば、有機ホスフィン、有機ホスフィンオキシド、有機ホスフィナイト、有機ホスホナイト、有機ホスフィネート、有機ホスファイト、有機ホスホネート、有機ホスフェート、有機ホスホロアミデート等が挙げられる。リン系耐摩耗剤又はリン系酸化防止剤の好ましい配合量は、その合計量が潤滑油組成物全量に対して0.1〜20質量%程度である。
チオリン酸系極圧剤としては、例えば、有機トリチオホスファイト、有機チオホスフェート等が挙げられる。チオリン酸系極圧剤の好ましい配合量は、潤滑油組成物全量に対して0.1〜20質量%程度である。
油性向上剤としては、例えば、脂肪酸、油脂或いはこれらの水素添加物又は部分ケン化物、エポキシ化エステル、ヒドロキシステアリン酸の重縮合物又は該重縮合物と脂肪酸とのエステル、高級アルコール、高級アミド、グリセリド、ポリグリセリンエステル、ポリグリセリンエーテル、及び上記の化合物にα−オレフィンオキシドを付加したもの等が挙げられる。油性向上剤の好ましい配合量は、潤滑油組成物全量に対して0.05〜15質量%程度である。
防錆剤としては、例えば、酸化パラフィンワックスカルシウム塩、酸化パラフィンワックスマグネシウム塩、牛脂脂肪酸アルカリ金属塩、アルカリ土類金属塩又はアミン塩、アルケニルコハク酸又はアルケニルコハク酸ハーフエステル(アルケニル基の分子量は100〜300程度)、ソルビタンモノエステル、ペンタエリスリトールモノエステル、グリセリンモノエステル、ノニルフェノールエトキシレート、ラノリン脂肪酸エステル、ラノリン脂肪酸カルシウム塩等が挙げられる。防錆剤の好ましい配合量は、潤滑油組成物全量に対して0.1〜15質量%程度である。
粘度指数向上剤としては、例えば、ポリ(C1〜18)アルキルメタクリレート、(C1〜18)アルキルアクリレート/(C1〜18)アルキルメタクリレート共重合体、ジエチルアミノエチルメタクリレート/(C1〜18)アルキルメタクリレート共重合体、エチレン/(C1〜18)アルキルメタクリレート共重合体、ポリイソブチレン、ポリアルキルスチレン、エチレン/プロピレン共重合体、スチレン/マレイン酸エステル共重合体、スチレン/マレイン酸アミド共重合体、スチレン/ブタジエン水素化共重合体、スチレン/イソプレン水素化共重合体等が挙げられる。粘度指数向上剤の平均分子量は10,000〜1,500,000程度である。粘度指数向上剤の好ましい配合量は、潤滑油組成物全量に対して0.1〜20質量%程度である。
消泡剤としては、例えば、ポリジメチルシリコーン、トリフルオロプロピルメチルシリコーン、コロイダルシリカ、ポリアルキルアクリレート、ポリアルキルメタクリレート、アルコールエトキシ/プロポキシレート、脂肪酸エトキシ/プロポキシレート、ソルビタン部分脂肪酸エステル等が挙げられる。消泡剤の好ましい配合量は、潤滑油組成物全量に対して1〜1000質量ppm程度である。
固体潤滑剤としては、例えば、グラファイト、二硫化モリブデン、ポリテトラフルオロエチレン、脂肪酸アルカリ土類金属塩、雲母、二塩化カドミウム、二ヨウ化カドミウム、フッ化カルシウム、ヨウ化鉛、酸化鉛、チタンカーバイド、窒化チタン、ケイ酸アルミニウム、酸化アンチモン、フッ化セリウム、ポリエチレン、ダイアモンド粉末、窒化ケイ素、窒化ホウ素フッ化炭素、メラミンイソシアヌレート等が挙げられる。固体潤滑剤の好ましい配合量は、潤滑油組成物全量に対して0.005〜2質量%程度である。
[モリブデン化合物]
モリブデン化合物1:一般式(1)で表され、R1、R2がエチルヘキシル基、R3、R4がイソトリデシル基である化合物(モリブデン元素比率10質量%、硫黄元素比率11質量%)
b−1−1:一般式(2)で表され、R5、R6がそれぞれ炭素数7〜11のアルキル基(アルキル基の平均炭素数はそれぞれ9)、a、bがそれぞれ1〜3(a、bの平均値はそれぞれ2.1)である化合物
b−1−2:一般式(2)で表され、R5、R6がそれぞれ炭素数6〜10のアルキル基(アルキル基の平均炭素数はそれぞれ8)、a、bがそれぞれ1〜3(a、bの平均値はそれぞれ2.1)である化合物
b−1−3:一般式(2)で表され、R5、R6がそれぞれ炭素数12の直鎖アルキル基、a、bがそれぞれ1〜3(a、bの平均値はそれぞれ2.1)である化合物
b−1−4:一般式(2)で表され、R5、R6がそれぞれ炭素数12の分岐アルキル基、a、bがそれぞれ1〜3(a、bの平均値はそれぞれ2.1)である化合物
b−2−1:一般式(3)で表され、R7、R8は炭素数14〜22のアルキレン基(アルキレン基の平均炭素数はそれぞれ18)であり、cが1〜5(cの平均値は3.2)である化合物
b−2−2:一般式(3)で表され、R7、R8は炭素数8〜14のアルキレン基(アルキレン基の平均炭素数はそれぞれ11)であり、cが1〜5(cの平均値は3.2)である化合物
b−2−3:一般式(4)で表され、R9、R10は炭素数14〜22のアルキレン基(アルキレン基の平均炭素数はそれぞれ18)であり、R11、R12の一方は炭素数1〜3のアルキル基であり、もう一方は水素原子又は炭素数1〜3のアルキル基であり、dが1〜5(dの平均値は3.2)である化合物
b−3−1:一般式(5)で表され、R13は炭素数8のアルキル基であり、R14、R15はそれぞれ水素原子であり、eは1〜8(eの平均値は4)である化合物
b−3−2:一般式(5)で表され、R13、R14はそれぞれ炭素数1〜5のアルキル基(一つのR13の炭素数と一つのR14の炭素数の総数は6)であり、R15は水素原子であり、eはそれぞれ1〜8(eの平均値は3)である化合物
基油1:化学合成基油ベースのエンジンオイル(GF5規格 0W−20)
S元素含有量2500ppm:金属清浄剤、ZnDTP由来
各硫黄系化合物を表1に示す質量比で混合し、硫黄系組成物1〜13を調製した。なお硫黄系組成物1〜10が本発明の硫黄系組成物Bに該当し、硫黄系組成物11〜13は比較成分としての硫黄系組成物にあたる。また、各硫黄系組成物の硫黄元素比率を併せて表1に示す。なお、硫黄元素比率はJIS K 2541−6:2013に準拠し蛍光X線装置を用いて測定した。
モリブデン化合物及び調製した硫黄系組成物からなる潤滑油添加剤と基油とを、表2〜6に示す配合量でそれぞれ含む潤滑油組成物(実施例1〜12、比較例1〜5)を製造した。各潤滑油組成物中のモリブデン化合物の配合量はモリブデン元素含有質量ppm(Mo含有量ppm)により、硫黄系組成物の配合量は硫黄元素含有質量ppm(S含有量ppm)により表す。なお比較例1〜3は本発明の硫黄系組成物以外の硫黄系組成物を用いた例を表し、比較例4及び5は硫黄系組成物を含まない潤滑油添加剤を用いた例を表す。
製造した潤滑油組成物それぞれについて、SRV測定試験機(Optimol社製、型式:type3)を用い、下記条件でのシリンダーオンプレート線接触方法により初期摩擦係数μ0を測定し、下記基準により初期摩擦特性を評価した。評価結果を表2〜6に示す。
荷重:200N
温度:80℃
測定時間:15分(15分経過時の摩擦係数を用いた)
振幅:1mm
上部シリンダー:φ15・22mm(材質SUJ−2)
下部プレート:φ24・6.85mm(材質SUJ−2)
◎:μ0≦0.070
○:0.070<μ0≦0.090
×:0.090<μ0
製造した潤滑油組成物それぞれ90gを200mlガラス製フラスコに入れ、80℃の恒温槽内に設置した状態で、酸素ガスと、一酸化窒素8000ppmを含む窒素ガスとをそれぞれ115ml/分、10ml/分の流量で72時間吹き込むことで、劣化処理した潤滑油組成物を得た。本劣化処理は、エンジンオイルとして使用した際の約1万kmの走行に相当する。劣化処理した潤滑油組成物について、初期摩擦係数の測定と同様の測定方法により劣化後摩擦係数μ1を測定した。また測定した劣化後摩擦係数μ1に基づき、下記基準に従い長期摩擦特性を評価した。測定結果及び評価結果を表2〜6に示す。
◎:μ1≦0.070
○:0.070<μ1≦0.090
×:0.090<μ1
モリブデン化合物及び調製した硫黄系組成物からなる潤滑油添加剤と基油とを、表7に示す配合量でそれぞれ含む潤滑油組成物(実施例13)を製造した。また比較例として、硫黄系組成物を含まない潤滑油組成物(比較例6)を併せて製造した。各潤滑油組成物中のモリブデン化合物の配合量はモリブデン元素含有質量ppm(Mo含有量ppm)により、硫黄系組成物の配合量は硫黄元素含有質量ppm(S含有量ppm)により表す。
前述の劣化後摩擦係数の測定において、窒素ガスを吹き込む時間を48時間として劣化処理した潤滑油組成物を製造したこと以外は同様の方法により、劣化後摩擦係数μ2を測定した。本劣化処理は、エンジンオイルとして使用した際の約7000kmの走行に相当する。また測定した劣化後摩擦係数μ2に基づき、下記基準に従い長期摩擦特性を評価した。測定結果及び評価結果を表7に示す。
◎:μ2≦0.070
○:0.070<μ2≦0.090
×:0.090<μ2
Claims (11)
- 下記の一般式(1)で表されるモリブデン化合物(A)と、下記の一般式(2)で表される硫黄系化合物(b−1)及び下記の一般式(3)又は(4)で表される少なくとも1種の硫黄系化合物(b−2)を含む硫黄系組成物(B)と、を含有する潤滑油添加剤。
- 硫黄系組成物(B)の硫黄元素比率が、5〜50質量%である、請求項1に記載の潤滑油添加剤。
- 硫黄系組成物(B)における、硫黄系化合物(b−1)と硫黄系化合物(b−2)の含有量の質量比b−1:b−2が0.5:99.5〜95:5である、請求項1又は2に記載の潤滑油添加剤。
- モリブデン化合物(A)に由来するモリブデン元素含有量と硫黄系組成物(B)に由来する硫黄元素含有量との質量比Mo:Sが20:80〜80:20である、請求項1〜3のいずれか1項に記載の潤滑油添加剤。
- モリブデン化合物(A)が、一般式(1)においてR1〜R4がそれぞれ同一又は異なる炭素数8又は13の直鎖又は分岐アルキル基である化合物を含む、請求項1〜4のいずれか1項に記載の潤滑油添加剤。
- 硫黄系化合物(b−1)が、一般式(2)においてR5、R6がそれぞれ同一又は異なる炭素数6〜14のアルキル基である化合物を含む、請求項1〜5のいずれか1項に記載の潤滑油添加剤。
- 硫黄系化合物(b−2)が、一般式(3)においてR7、R8がそれぞれ同一又は異なる炭素数6〜24のアルキレン基である化合物又は、一般式(4)においてR9、R10がそれぞれ同一又は異なる炭素数6〜24のアルキレン基である化合物を含む、請求項1〜6のいずれか1項に記載の潤滑油添加剤。
- 基油と、下記の一般式(1)で表されるモリブデン化合物(A)と、下記の一般式(2)で表される硫黄系化合物(b−1)及び下記の一般式(3)又は(4)で表される少なくとも1種の硫黄系化合物(b−2)を含む硫黄系組成物(B)と、を含有する潤滑油組成物。
- 潤滑油組成物中のモリブデン元素の含有量が200〜2000質量ppmであり、硫黄元素の含有量が500〜8000質量ppmである、請求項8に記載の潤滑油組成物。
- 基油と、下記の一般式(1)で表されるモリブデン化合物(A)を含む潤滑油組成物に、硫黄系組成物(B)を添加することを含む、前記モリブデン化合物(A)の摩擦低減効果を持続させる方法であって、前記硫黄系組成物(B)は、下記の一般式(2)で表される硫黄系化合物(b−1)及び下記の一般式(3)又は(4)で表される少なくとも1種の硫黄系化合物(b−2)を含む、方法。
- 基油と、下記の一般式(1)で表されるモリブデン化合物(A)を含む潤滑油組成物における、前記モリブデン化合物(A)の摩擦低減効果を持続させるための硫黄系組成物(B)の使用であって、前記硫黄系組成物(B)は、下記の一般式(2)で表される硫黄系化合物(b−1)及び下記の一般式(3)又は(4)で表される少なくとも1種の硫黄系化合物(b−2)を含む、使用。
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