JPWO2020195463A1 - リチウム複合酸化物焼結体板 - Google Patents
リチウム複合酸化物焼結体板 Download PDFInfo
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- JPWO2020195463A1 JPWO2020195463A1 JP2021508832A JP2021508832A JPWO2020195463A1 JP WO2020195463 A1 JPWO2020195463 A1 JP WO2020195463A1 JP 2021508832 A JP2021508832 A JP 2021508832A JP 2021508832 A JP2021508832 A JP 2021508832A JP WO2020195463 A1 JPWO2020195463 A1 JP WO2020195463A1
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- composite oxide
- sintered body
- lithium composite
- body plate
- oxide sintered
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Abstract
Description
本明細書において用いる、リチウム複合酸化物焼結体板の性状に関するパラメータの定義を、以下に示す。
ここで、全気孔率(体積%)および閉気孔率(体積%)は、アルキメデス法等を用いて測定され得る。例えば、閉気孔率はアルキメデス法で測定した見かけ密度より求めることができ、全気孔率はアルキメデス法で測定した嵩密度より求めることができる。
≪リチウム複合酸化物焼結体板≫
次に、本発明の第1の実施の形態に係るリチウム複合酸化物焼結体板について説明する。本実施の形態に係るリチウム複合酸化物焼結体板は、概略、層状岩塩構造を有する複数の(すなわち多数の)リチウム複合酸化物の一次粒子が結合した、板状の焼結体である。また、係るリチウム複合酸化物焼結体板は、15%〜50%の気孔率にて多数の気孔を有する、多孔質体でもある。以下、本実施の形態に係るリチウム複合酸化物焼結体板を単に、リチウム複合酸化物焼結体板と称することがある。
上述したように、有添加焼結体板を構成するリチウム複合酸化物の結晶粒子(一次粒子)は、Nb、Ti、Wのうちから選択される1つまたは複数種類の添加元素を含んでおり、有添加焼結体板の全体に対する当該添加元素の添加量は、0.01wt%以上2.0wt%以下である。
本実施の形態に係る有添加焼結体板はいかなる方法で製造されたものであってもよいが、以下においては、その一例として、いわゆるグリーンシートプロセスによる有添加焼結体板の製造方法を説明する。
上述の実施の形態においては、Nb、Ti、Wのうちから選択される1つまたは複数種類の元素の添加を、リチウム複合酸化物の原料粉末に当該添加元素の酸化物粉末を混合することにより行っているが、添加元素の添加の仕方はこれに限られない。
リチウム複合酸化物としてLiCoO2(以下、LCOとも称する)を選択し、添加元素としてNbを選択して、第1の実施の形態に係る有添加焼結体板を作製し、種々の評価を行った。
まず、Co3O4粉末(正同化学製)とLi2CO3粉末(本荘ケミカル製)をLi/Co:1.02となるように秤量し、混合した後、800℃で5時間保持した。
上述の手順にて作製したLCO焼結体板を対象に、XRD装置(Rigaku製TTR3)を用いてθ/2θ測定を行った。角度2θの範囲は15°〜50°とし、スキャンスピードは0.5°/minとした。
また、作製したLCO焼結体板を、240℃の減圧雰囲気下で1時間乾燥させた後、比表面積計(島津製作所製3flex)を用いて、多点法(BET法)による比表面積の測定を行った。導入ガスにはKr(クリプトン)を用いた。
さらに、作製したLCO焼結体板をレーザー加工にて直径13mmの円形に切り出し、正極板として用いる円板を複数枚得た。それぞれの正極板について、正極、セパレータ、およびカーボンからなる負極をこの順に配置することによって集積体を作製した後、HSセル(Hohsen製)中で、集積体内を電解液で満たしたうえで、4.3Vまで充電した。
そして、作製した対称セルを構成するLCO焼結体板の反応抵抗を求めるべく、インピーダンスアナライザ(Biologic製)を用いて、25℃の恒温槽内で交流インピーダンス法によるインピーダンス測定を行い、Cole-Coleプロットを作成した。得られたCole-Coleプロットにおける半円部(円弧部)の実軸上におけるサイズの1/2を、正極を構成するLCO焼結体板の反応抵抗として特定した。
一方、LCO焼結体板におけるガス発生速度を評価するべく、充電後の集積体から取り出した別の2枚の正極板を、上述した対称セルの作製時と同じ電解液とともにラミネートフィルムにて封止した後、60℃の大気中に保持した。そして、適宜のインターバルを取りつつ、ラミネートフィルムの体積をアルキメデス法にて繰り返し測定した。
Co3O4粉末とLi2CO3粉末との混合粉末に添加するNb2O5の添加量をそれぞれ、0.27wt%、0.68wt%、1.36wt%、1.90wtとした他は、実施例1と同様の手順にてLCO焼結体板を作製し、得られたLCO焼結体板に対して、実施例1と同内容の測定・評価を行った。それぞれの実施例における元素としてのNbの添加量は順に、0.19wt%、0.48wt%、0.95wt%、1.33wt%となる。
Co3O4粉末とLi2CO3粉末との混合粉末に添加するNb2O5の添加量を0.68wt%とし、ポットミルにて、体積基準D50が0.6μmという粒度分布が得られるように粉砕した他は、実施例1と同様の手順にてLCO焼結体板を作製し、得られたLCO焼結体板に対して、実施例1と同内容の測定・評価を行った。なお、元素としてのNbの添加量は0.48wt%となる。
ゾルゲルコーティングの手法により第2の実施の形態に係る有添加焼結体板を作製し、種々の評価を行った。
無添加焼結体板を浸漬する混合溶液に含まれる10重量部のペンタエトキシニオブを、それぞれ、テトラ−n−ブトキシチタン(10重量部)、ペンタエトキシタングステン(5重量部)に違えたほかは、実施例7と同様の手順にて第2の実施の形態に係る有添加焼結体板を作製し、種々の評価を行った。すなわち実施例8においてはTi(チタン)を添加元素として含む有添加焼結体板を作製し、実施例9においてはW(タングステン)を添加元素として含む有添加焼結体板を作製した。
Co3O4粉末とLi2CO3粉末との混合粉末に添加元素を添加しないほかは、実施例1と同様の手順で、無添加焼結体板としてのLCO焼結体板を作製し、XRD測定、比表面積測定、評価用対称セルの作成、反応抵抗の特定、およびガス発生速度の特定を行った。
Co3O4粉末とLi2CO3粉末との混合粉末に添加するNb2O5の添加量を、3.4wtとした他は、実施例1と同様の手順にてLCO焼結体板を作製した。元素としてのNbの添加量は、2.38wt%となる。得られた有添加焼結体板は強度が不足していたため、XRD測定、比表面積測定、評価用対称セルの作成、反応抵抗の特定、およびガス発生速度の特定は行い得なかった。
添加元素として、Nbに代えてTiを選択し、Co3O4粉末とLi2CO3粉末の混合粉末に、TiO2(石原産業製)を0.82wt%添加するようにしたほかは、実施例1と同様の手順にてLCO焼結体板を作製し、得られたLCO焼結体板に対して、実施例1と同内容の測定・評価を行った。元素としてのTiの添加量は0.49wt%となる。
実施例1〜実施例10および比較例1〜比較例2のそれぞれにおけるLCO焼結体板の作製条件および種々の評価の結果を、表1に一覧にして示す。より詳細には、表1には、以下の項目を示す。
グリーンシートの焼成温度(保持温度)および焼成時間(保持時間);
コート重量比およびコート熱処理温度(実施例7〜実施例9);
XRD測定にて検出されたLCO以外の結晶相(サブ結晶相);
XRDピークプロファイルにおける、LCOの(003)面のピーク強度に対するサブ結晶相のメインピークの強度比(XRDピーク強度比);
LCO焼結体板の比表面積;
規格化添加量(実施例1〜実施例6および実施例10と比較例1については原料粉末のNb添加量/比表面積、実施例7〜実施例9についてはコート重量比/比表面積);
LCO焼結体板の反応抵抗;および、
LCO焼結体板からのガス発生速度。
また、図4は、実施例1〜実施例10および比較例1のLiCoO2焼結体板について、反応抵抗を規格化添加量に対してプロットした図である。
Co3O4粉末とLi2CO3粉末との混合粉末に添加するNb2O5の添加量をそれぞれ、0.27wt%、0.68wt%、1.36wt%、1.90wt%とした他は、実施例1と同様の手順にてLCO焼結体板を作製し、得られたLCO焼結体板に対して、実施例1と同内容の測定・評価を行った。それぞれの実施例における元素としてのNbの添加量は順に、0.19wt%、0.48wt%、0.95wt%、1.33wt%となる。
Co3O4粉末とLi2CO3粉末との混合粉末に添加するNb2O5の添加量を、3.4wt%とした他は、実施例1と同様の手順にてLCO焼結体板を作製した。元素としてのNbの添加量は、2.38wt%となる。得られた有添加焼結体板は強度が不足していたため、XRD測定、比表面積測定、評価用対称セルの作成、反応抵抗の特定、およびガス発生速度の特定は行い得なかった。
Claims (6)
- リチウム二次電池の正極に用いられるリチウム複合酸化物焼結体板であって、
層状岩塩構造を有するリチウム複合酸化物の複数の一次粒子が結合した多孔質構造を有しており、
気孔率が15〜50%であり、
前記複数の一次粒子の(003)面と前記リチウム複合酸化物焼結体板の板面とがなす角度の傾斜角が、0°を超えて30°以下である一次粒子の占める割合が60%以上であり、
Nb、Ti、Wのうちから選択される1つまたは複数種類の添加元素を含んでおり、
前記リチウム複合酸化物焼結体板の全体に対する前記添加元素の添加量が0.01wt%以上2.0wt%以下である、
ことを特徴とする、リチウム複合酸化物焼結体板。 - 請求項1に記載のリチウム複合酸化物焼結体板であって、
前記リチウム複合酸化物焼結体板の比表面積に対する前記添加元素の前記添加量の比である規格化添加量が、0wt%・g/m2を超えて1.5wt%・g/m2以下である、
ことを特徴とする、リチウム複合酸化物焼結体板。 - 請求項1または請求項2に記載のリチウム複合酸化物焼結体板であって、
前記リチウム複合酸化物焼結体板の板面および開気孔を区画する面を構成する前記一次粒子の表面の少なくとも一部に、前記添加元素を含み、かつ、リチウムイオン伝導性を有する一方でリチウム複合酸化物よりも電子伝導性の低い結晶相が存在する、
ことを特徴とする、リチウム複合酸化物焼結体板。 - 請求項1または請求項2に記載のリチウム複合酸化物焼結体板であって、
前記リチウム複合酸化物焼結体板のうち当該リチウム複合酸化物焼結体板が前記リチウム二次電池の正極に用いられた場合に電解液と接する面を構成する前記一次粒子の表面の少なくとも一部に、前記添加元素を含み、かつ、リチウムイオン伝導性を有する一方でリチウム複合酸化物よりも電子伝導性の低い結晶相が存在する、
ことを特徴とする、リチウム複合酸化物焼結体板。 - 請求項1ないし請求項4のいずれかに記載のリチウム複合酸化物焼結体板であって、
前記添加元素がNbであり、前記リチウム複合酸化物がLiCoO2である、
ことを特徴とする、リチウム複合酸化物焼結体板。 - 請求項1ないし請求項4のいずれかに記載のリチウム複合酸化物焼結体板であって、
前記添加元素がTiであり、前記リチウム複合酸化物がLiCoO2である、
ことを特徴とする、リチウム複合酸化物焼結体板。
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