JPWO2018211906A1 - 断熱材とそれを用いた断熱構造体 - Google Patents
断熱材とそれを用いた断熱構造体 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- JPWO2018211906A1 JPWO2018211906A1 JP2019519142A JP2019519142A JPWO2018211906A1 JP WO2018211906 A1 JPWO2018211906 A1 JP WO2018211906A1 JP 2019519142 A JP2019519142 A JP 2019519142A JP 2019519142 A JP2019519142 A JP 2019519142A JP WO2018211906 A1 JPWO2018211906 A1 JP WO2018211906A1
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- Prior art keywords
- heat insulating
- fiber
- insulating material
- fibers
- heat
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
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Images
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16L—PIPES; JOINTS OR FITTINGS FOR PIPES; SUPPORTS FOR PIPES, CABLES OR PROTECTIVE TUBING; MEANS FOR THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16L59/00—Thermal insulation in general
- F16L59/06—Arrangements using an air layer or vacuum
- F16L59/07—Arrangements using an air layer or vacuum the air layer being enclosed by one or more layers of insulation
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J13/00—Colloid chemistry, e.g. the production of colloidal materials or their solutions, not otherwise provided for; Making microcapsules or microballoons
- B01J13/0091—Preparation of aerogels, e.g. xerogels
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B18/00—Use of agglomerated or waste materials or refuse as fillers for mortars, concrete or artificial stone; Treatment of agglomerated or waste materials or refuse, specially adapted to enhance their filling properties in mortars, concrete or artificial stone
- C04B18/02—Agglomerated materials, e.g. artificial aggregates
- C04B18/022—Agglomerated materials, e.g. artificial aggregates agglomerated by an organic binder
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B20/00—Use of materials as fillers for mortars, concrete or artificial stone according to more than one of groups C04B14/00 - C04B18/00 and characterised by shape or grain distribution; Treatment of materials according to more than one of the groups C04B14/00 - C04B18/00 specially adapted to enhance their filling properties in mortars, concrete or artificial stone; Expanding or defibrillating materials
- C04B20/0048—Fibrous materials
- C04B20/0068—Composite fibres, e.g. fibres with a core and sheath of different material
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B20/00—Use of materials as fillers for mortars, concrete or artificial stone according to more than one of groups C04B14/00 - C04B18/00 and characterised by shape or grain distribution; Treatment of materials according to more than one of the groups C04B14/00 - C04B18/00 specially adapted to enhance their filling properties in mortars, concrete or artificial stone; Expanding or defibrillating materials
- C04B20/10—Coating or impregnating
- C04B20/1055—Coating or impregnating with inorganic materials
- C04B20/1077—Cements, e.g. waterglass
- C04B20/1085—Waterglass
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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Abstract
Description
図1Aに、実施の形態1の熱対策部材である断熱材14の平面図を示す。図1Bに、断熱材14の断面図を示す。なお、図1A、図1Bでは、内部の第1繊維13の位置、形状が分かるように、表示している。
エアロゲル12は、熱伝導率が空気の熱伝導率0.028W/mK(常温)よりも小さく、おおよそ0.015W/mKから0.025W/mK程度の熱伝導率を有している。
実施の形態の第1繊維13としては、グラスウールやガラスペーパー、ロックウール、ポリエステル等の樹脂繊維、セルロースナノファイバーなどのセルロース繊維、パルプ繊維、カーボン繊維、銅、アルミ、銀等の金属繊維およびこれらの複数を含有した複合繊維などであればよい。第1繊維13は、使用時の耐熱温度や難燃性等をふまえて選定される。
エアロゲル12と第1繊維13との混合体である断熱材14では、熱は第1繊維13を優先的伝わる。このため、第1繊維13の向きを制御することで熱の流れを制御することが可能となる。つまり、断熱材14は、ある方向へは断熱、繊維の方向へは熱を伝達する。
実施の形態1の断熱材14の製造方法について説明する。
エアロゲル12の原料となる水ガラス中のナトリウムを除去し、その後ゲル化するpHに調整するゾル調製工程をする。
不織布である第1繊維13を、一方向に配向させる。このために、一般的にスパンレース法あるいは水流絡合法と呼ばれる工法を用いる。
実施の形態で使用する水ガラス水溶液は、5〜20重量%になるように調製すればよく、10〜20重量%であると好ましく、15〜20重量%であるとより好ましい。水溶液の珪酸濃度が5%未満の場合、珪酸濃度が薄いため湿潤ゲル骨格の強度が不十分になる場合がある。また、珪酸濃度が20%を越えると、ゾル溶液のゲル化時間が急激に早くなり制御できなくなる場合がある。
使用する不織布からなる第1繊維13に、ゾル調整した液を浸み込ませる。必要に応じて、余剰の液を、ローラー等を用いて、不織布外に吐き出し、不織布内の液量を調整する。この際、内包していた空気も同時に押し出し、液が満遍なく充填されることが好ましい。
断熱材14にゾル調整液を含浸した後、乾燥時にかかる毛管力に耐えうるだけの強度にする為に、ゾル中のシリカコロイドの重縮合、および、二次粒子の成長を促す必要がある。含浸の断熱材14中のゾルがゲル化した後、シート中の水が揮発しない70〜95℃で、好ましくは80〜95℃、より好ましくは90〜95℃で加熱養生する。これは、シリカ粒子の重縮合と二次粒子の成長を促進させるためである。
シリカのナノファイバー2を添加した場合に使用されるシリル化剤は、一般式R1R2 2SiCl、またはR1 nSi(OR2)4−n(式中、R1およびR2は互いに関係なくC1〜C6の直鎖状アルキル、環状アルキルまたはフェニルである、アルコキシシラン)で表されるシランである。ヘキサメチルジシロキサン(HMDSO)、ヘキサメチルジシラザン(HMDS)でも適する。
次に、疎水化後の含浸シート中に含まれる溶媒を揮発させるために、100〜150℃で2〜5hr乾燥させる。その際、基材の断熱材14が樹脂の耐熱温度が乾燥温度以下の場合、メタノール、エタノール、2−プロパノールなどのアルコール類、アセトン、メチルエチルケトンなどのケトン類、ペンタン、ヘキサン等に置換して、樹脂繊維の耐熱温度以下の沸点を持つ溶媒に置換して乾燥させるとよい。
上記各工程を経て得られる断熱材14は、単一部材でありながら熱の伝達方向を任意の方向に傾斜させることを可能とするため、特に1mm以下の隙間で用いるシートとして非常に有効となる。厚さを厚くすれば、断熱性が向上できるためである。
図3に実施の形態2の断熱材14の斜視図を示す。エアロゲル12を透明として図示している。記載しない事項は、実施の形態1と同様である。
実施の形態の第2繊維15としてはガラス繊維、アルミナ繊維、金属繊維、カーボン繊維およびこれらの複数を含有した複合繊維などであればよく、使用時の耐熱温度や難燃性等をふまえて選定できる。
実施の形態2の断熱材14の製造方法について説明する。実施の形態1と比較して、繊維導入工程のみが異なるので、繊維導入工程について説明する。その他は実施の形態1と同様のため省略する。<繊維13の事前処理>はせず、<ゾル調製工程>のゾルに第2繊維15を入れる。
実施の形態2では、あらかじめ準備したゾル調整液に、第2繊維15を導入する。<ゾル調製工程>のゾルに、第2繊維15を混合し、均一に混ぜ込んだ懸濁液を作製した。その後、一定方向に液を流し、流速のある中で第2繊維15の方向をゾル調整液の流れ方向に配向させた。その後、ギャップコーターを通して、厚みを所望の厚みに整えた。
実施の形態1の要領に従い、シート状の断熱材14を作製した。第1繊維13としては、難燃性で優れた性質を有する繊維径が10μm程度からなる酸化アクリル繊維を用いた。酸化アクリル繊維そのものの熱伝導率を測ることは困難であるが、通常のアクリル樹脂と大差ないものであり約0.15mW/mK程度である。スパンレース法で作製した不織布としては目付けが100g/m2で平均厚みが0.9mmmである。
また同時に、実施例1と比較して第1繊維13のランダム性を強めて配向性を消した、比較例1を試作品として作った。
次に、本発明の効果を検証するために、冷却構造体を作製した。冷却構造体の模式図を図5の断面図に示す。
実施の形態2の要領に従い、シート状の断熱材14を作製した。第2繊維15としては、耐熱性で優れた性質を有する繊維径が3μm程度からなるカーボン繊維を用いた。用いたカーボン繊維はPAN系のものであり熱伝導率は公証値で100W/mK程度である。繊維量は、単位面積あたりの換算で、目付けが100g/m2、平均厚みが0.5mmとした。
また同時に、実施例2と比較して繊維のランダム性を強めて配向性を消した比較例2を試作品として作った。この断熱材14の熱伝導率は0.022mW/mKであった。
図6に、断熱材を使用する構造の断面図を示す。本実施例では、リチウム2次電池の電池セル冷却構造であり、電池の異常発熱時の冷却機能を評価することとした。
実施の形態1と2とは組み合わせることができる。第1繊維13と第2繊維15とを1つの断熱材14に含めてもよい。
13 第1繊維
14 断熱材
15 第2繊維
16 一定方向
21 第1測定点
22 第2側定点
502 第1セラミック板
503 第2セラミック板
504 第3セラミック板
505 ホットプレート
601 冷却プレート
602 高温セル
603 アルミニウム製のセル
700 基板
701 部品
702 熱伝導体
703 断熱体
704 筐体
Claims (8)
- 繊維と、エアロゲルとを含むシートであり、
前記繊維は、前記シートの内で一定の方向に配列されている断熱材。 - 前記繊維の80%以上は、前記一定の方向に対して90度以内の方向に配列されている請求項1記載の断熱材。
- 前記繊維は、絡み合っている第1繊維である請求項1記載の断熱材。
- 前記繊維は、絡み合っていない第2繊維である請求項1記載の断熱材。
- 前記繊維は、絡み合っている第1繊維と、絡み合っていない第2繊維とを含む請求項1記載の断熱材。
- 前記一定の方向とは、前記シートの表面と平行である請求項1に記載の断熱材。
- 高温部と、
低温部と、
前記高温部と前記低温部とを繋ぐ請求項1に記載の断熱材と、を含み、
前記断熱材の一定の方向は、前記高温部と前記低温部とを繋ぐ方向である断熱構造体。 - 第1電池セルと、
第2電池セルと、
前記第1電池セルと前記第2電池セルとの間に配置された請求項1に記載の断熱材と、
前記第1電池セルと前記第2電池セルと前記断熱材とに接する冷却プレートと、を含む断熱構造体。
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JP2017096425 | 2017-05-15 | ||
JP2017096425 | 2017-05-15 | ||
PCT/JP2018/016253 WO2018211906A1 (ja) | 2017-05-15 | 2018-04-20 | 断熱材とそれを用いた断熱構造体 |
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US (1) | US20190178434A1 (ja) |
EP (1) | EP3627030A4 (ja) |
JP (1) | JPWO2018211906A1 (ja) |
CN (1) | CN109642697A (ja) |
WO (1) | WO2018211906A1 (ja) |
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JP2023509115A (ja) * | 2020-01-07 | 2023-03-07 | アスペン アエロジェルズ,インコーポレイテッド | 電池熱管理のための組成物およびシステム |
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JP6997263B1 (ja) * | 2020-07-10 | 2022-01-17 | イビデン株式会社 | 熱伝達抑制シート及び組電池 |
EP4362194A1 (en) | 2021-06-23 | 2024-05-01 | Mitsubishi Chemical Corporation | Partition member, battery module, and battery pack |
EP4123702A1 (en) * | 2021-07-20 | 2023-01-25 | Nokia Technologies Oy | Apparatus for cooling electronic circuitry components and photonic components |
KR20240041322A (ko) * | 2021-07-30 | 2024-03-29 | 이비덴 가부시키가이샤 | 단열시트, 단열시트의 제조방법 및 조전지 |
CN113579411A (zh) * | 2021-08-16 | 2021-11-02 | 苏州天顺新能源科技有限公司 | 一种双头双丝内焊操作机操作及使用方法 |
DE102021131311A1 (de) | 2021-11-29 | 2023-06-01 | Zentrum für Sonnenenergie- und Wasserstoff-Forschung Baden-Württemberg, Stiftung des bürgerlichen Rechts | Propagationsbarriere mit verstärkendem Füllmaterial und Verfahren zu deren Herstellung |
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WO2018211906A1 (ja) | 2018-11-22 |
CN109642697A (zh) | 2019-04-16 |
US20190178434A1 (en) | 2019-06-13 |
EP3627030A1 (en) | 2020-03-25 |
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