JPWO2018182031A1 - 熱可塑性樹脂膜及びガラス板含有積層体 - Google Patents
熱可塑性樹脂膜及びガラス板含有積層体 Download PDFInfo
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- JPWO2018182031A1 JPWO2018182031A1 JP2018519989A JP2018519989A JPWO2018182031A1 JP WO2018182031 A1 JPWO2018182031 A1 JP WO2018182031A1 JP 2018519989 A JP2018519989 A JP 2018519989A JP 2018519989 A JP2018519989 A JP 2018519989A JP WO2018182031 A1 JPWO2018182031 A1 JP WO2018182031A1
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Images
Classifications
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- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J5/00—Manufacture of articles or shaped materials containing macromolecular substances
- C08J5/18—Manufacture of films or sheets
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K3/00—Use of inorganic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K3/01—Use of inorganic substances as compounding ingredients characterized by their specific function
- C08K3/013—Fillers, pigments or reinforcing additives
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- B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
- B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
- B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
- B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
- B32B17/10009—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the number, the constitution or treatment of glass sheets
- B32B17/10036—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the number, the constitution or treatment of glass sheets comprising two outer glass sheets
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- B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
- B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
- B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
- B32B17/10009—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the number, the constitution or treatment of glass sheets
- B32B17/10082—Properties of the bulk of a glass sheet
- B32B17/1011—Properties of the bulk of a glass sheet having predetermined tint or excitation purity
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- B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
- B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
- B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
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Abstract
Description
上記樹脂膜は、熱可塑性樹脂を含む。
樹脂膜の接着力を適度に高める観点から、上記樹脂膜は、可塑剤を含むことが好ましい。上記表面層及び上記中間層が、可塑剤を含むことが好ましい。ポリビニルアセタール樹脂と可塑剤との併用により、ガラス板、合わせガラス部材又は他の樹脂膜等に対する本発明に係る樹脂膜の接着力がより一層高くなる。上記可塑剤は、1種のみが用いられてもよく、2種以上が併用されてもよい。
有色の樹脂膜とするために、上記樹脂膜は上記顔料を含む。過度の色むらを効果的に抑える観点からは、上記中間層が、上記顔料を含むことが好ましい。上記表面層は、上記顔料を含んでいてもよく、上記顔料を含んでいなくてもよい。
上記樹脂膜は、光安定剤を含むことが好ましい。光安定剤の使用により、樹脂膜が長期間使用されたり、太陽光に晒されたりしても、変色がより一層抑えられ、可視光線透過率がより一層低下し難くなる。上記光安定剤は1種のみが用いられてもよく、2種以上が併用されてもよい。
上記樹脂膜及び上記表面層は、マグネシウム塩、アルカリ金属塩又はアルカリ土類金属塩(以下、これらを併せて金属塩Mと記載することがある)を含むことが好ましい。上記中間層は、上記金属塩Mを含んでいてもよい。上記金属塩Mの使用により、ガラス板、合わせガラス部材又は他の樹脂膜等に対する本発明に係る樹脂膜の接着力を制御することがより一層容易になる。上記金属塩Mは、1種のみが用いられてもよく、2種以上が併用されてもよい。
上記樹脂膜、上記表面層及び上記中間層は、紫外線遮蔽剤を含むことが好ましい。上記紫外線遮蔽剤の使用により、樹脂膜が長期間使用されたり、高温下で使用されたりしても、変色がより一層抑えられ、可視光線透過率がより一層低下し難くなる。上記紫外線遮蔽剤は、1種のみが用いられてもよく、2種以上が併用されてもよい。
上記樹脂膜、上記表面層及び上記中間層は、酸化防止剤を含むことが好ましい。上記酸化防止剤の使用により、樹脂膜が長期間使用されたり、高温下で使用されたりしても、変色がより一層抑えられ、可視光線透過率がより一層低下し難くなる。上記酸化防止剤は、1種のみが用いられてもよく、2種以上が併用されてもよい。
上記樹脂膜は、必要に応じて、難燃剤、帯電防止剤、耐湿剤、蛍光増白剤及び赤外線吸収剤等の添加剤を含んでいてもよい。これらの添加剤は、1種のみが用いられてもよく、2種以上が併用されてもよい。
遮音性を効果的に高める観点からは、上記中間層が、ガラス転移温度が10℃以下である層を含むことが好ましい。
図1は、本発明の一実施形態に係る熱可塑性樹脂膜を用いたガラス板含有積層体の一例を示す断面図である。
(ポリビニルアセタール樹脂)
ポリビニルブチラール樹脂(PVB(1))(ポリビニルアルコールの重合度1700、水酸基の含有率30モル%、アセチル化度1モル%、アセタール化度(ブチラール化度)69モル%)
トリエチレングリコールジ−2−エチルヘキサノエート(3GO)
カーボンブラック顔料(CASNo.1333−86−4)
銅フタロシアニン顔料(1)(CASNo.147−14−8)(極大吸収波長600nm)
銅フタロシアニン顔料(2)(CASNo.12239−87−1)(極大吸収波長640nm)
アントラキノン顔料(CASNo.4051−63−2)
ペリレン顔料(CASNo.4948−15−6)
クロロホルム100重量部に対して、顔料0.002重量部を混合し、クロロホルム溶液を得た。得られたクロロホルム溶液を光路長1.0mmの分光光度計用石英セルへ入れた。自記分光光度計(日立製作所社製「U4100」)を用いて、300〜2500nm透過率を測定し、極大吸収波長を求めた。極大吸収波長とは、透過率が極小値を示す波長であって、且つ、該極小値が最小である波長、すなわち最大吸収波長のことを指す。
Tinuvin765(BASF社製、N−C(アルキル基)型)
混合物(1)(酢酸マグネシウムと2−エチル酪酸マグネシウムとの混合物)
Tinuvin326(BASF社製)
BHT(2,6−ジ−t−ブチル−p−クレゾール)
樹脂膜を形成するための組成物の作製:
PVB(1)に、3GOと、銅フタロシアニン顔料(1)と、混合物(1)と、Tinuvin765と、Tinuvin326と、BHTとを下記の表1に示す配合量となるように添加して、ミキシングロールで充分に混練し、組成物を得た。
樹脂膜を形成するための組成物を、顔料の数Xが下記の表1に示す数になるように、押出機を用いて押出しすることにより、単層の樹脂膜(厚み780μm)を作製した。
得られた樹脂膜を、縦15cm×横15cmに切り出した。次に、JIS R3208に準拠した、厚み2mmの2枚のグリーンガラス(縦15cm×横15cm×厚み2mm)の間に樹脂膜を挟み込み、真空ラミネーターにて90℃で30分間保持し、真空プレスし、合わせガラスを得た。
組成物の配合成分の種類及び配合量を下記の表1に示すように設定したこと、並びに押出時の濃度を変更して顔料の数Xを下記の表1に示すように設定したこと以外は実施例1と同様にして、樹脂膜及び合わせガラスを得た。
中間層を形成するための組成物Xの作製:
PVB(1)100重量部に、3GOを40重量部加え、更に、Tinuvin765と、Tinuvin326と、BHTと、混合物(1)とを得られた樹脂膜全体(全層)で下記の表2に示す含有量となるように添加して、ミキシングロールで充分に混練し、組成物Xを得た。
PVB(1)に、3GOを下記の表2に示す配合量となるように添加して、ミキシングロールで充分に混練し、組成物Yを得た。
中間層を形成するための組成物Xと、表面層を形成するための組成物Yとを、顔料の数Xが下記の表2に示す数になるように、共押出機を用いて共押出しすることにより、第1の表面層/中間層/第2の表面層の積層構造を有する樹脂膜(厚み760μm、幅100cm)を作製した。その際、断面形状が楔形状であり、樹脂膜の一方の端部から他方の端部に向けて厚みが減少し、且つ、幅方向に20cmの長さである中間層が、第1,第3の樹脂層の間に埋め込まれた形状となるようにし、且つ、中間層の最大厚みが300μmになるようにした。
得られた樹脂膜を、縦15cm×横15cmに切り出した。その際、中間層の最も厚い部位が得られる合わせガラスの端部に位置し、かつ、該端部から反対側の端部に向かって中間層の厚みが減少するように切り出した。次に、JIS R3208に準拠した、厚み2mmの2枚のグリーンガラス(縦15cm×横15cm×厚み2mm、可視光線透過率85%)の間に樹脂膜を挟み込み、真空ラミネーターにて90℃で30分間保持し、真空プレスし、合わせガラスを得た。
組成物の配合成分の種類及び配合量を下記の表2に示すように設定したこと、各層の厚みを下記の表2に示すように設定したこと、並びに押出時の濃度を変更して顔料の数Xを下記の表2に示すように設定したこと以外は実施例5と同様にして、樹脂膜及び合わせガラスを得た。
(1)顔料の存在状態
得られた樹脂膜について、以下の操作を行った。クライオシステム(ライカ社製、LEICA EM FCS)によるダイヤモンドナイフ(DIATOME社製、DiATOME DRY)のウルトラミクロトーム(ライカ社製、LEICA EM UC7)を用いて、前処理として樹脂膜の製造時の流れ方向に平行かつ樹脂膜の表面に対して垂直にトリミング及び面だしをした。この操作にて、測定サンプルとして超薄切片を得た。なお、実施例5〜8及び比較例2で得られた樹脂膜に関しては、得られた樹脂膜の中間層の最も厚い部位のトリミング及び面だしを行った。また、実施例及び比較例で得られた樹脂膜に関しては、樹脂膜の製造時の流れ方向が明確であるが、フロントガラスから剥がした樹脂膜のように製造時の膜の流れ方向が不明である樹脂膜を評価する場合には、以下の方法によって樹脂膜の製造時の膜の流れ方向を知ることができる。即ち、樹脂膜を正方形状に切り出し140℃の恒温槽に30分保管した後の樹脂膜の、横方向と縦方向の収縮率が最も大きい方向が流れ方向であると確認することができる。これは、一般的に樹脂膜の製造において、製造時の膜の流れ方向に最も伸展する力が加わるため、加熱時には逆に製造時の膜の流れ方向に最も収縮することによる。他にも、樹脂膜がロール状体である場合には、ロール状体の巻取り方向によって確認することができる。これは、樹脂膜のロール状体は、樹脂膜製造時の膜の流れ方向に巻き取られることから、ロール状体の巻取方向と、樹脂膜製造時の膜の流れ方向とが同一であることによる。顔料の存在状態を評価するためのTEM観察(日立ハイテクノロジーズ社製、HT7700型、加速電圧100kV)、及び、EDS測定(日本電子社製、JEM−2100F型、日本電子社製、UTW型Si(Li)半導体検出器、ビーム径0.2nm)を、以下のようにして行った。縦13μm及び横18μmの四角形の領域中、アスペクト比が3以上かつ50以下である顔料の数Xを数えた。なお、TEMによる画像観察は3回実施し、3回の観察のうち、最も個数の多い結果を採用した。また、EDSによりアスペクト比が3以上かつ50以下顔料の組成を評価した。また、図3に、熱可塑性樹脂膜を透過型電子顕微鏡によって平面視したときの画像を示した。
ヘーズメーター(東京電色社製「TC−HIIIDPK」)を用いて、JIS K6714に準拠して、得られた合わせガラスのヘーズ値を測定した。なお、実施例5〜8及び比較例2で得られた合わせガラスに関しては、得られた合わせガラスの中間層の最も厚い部位におけるヘーズ値を測定した。
JIS R3106(1998)に準拠して、得られた合わせガラスの全光線透過率(TvD)を測定した。分光光度計(日立ハイテク社製「U−4100」)を用いて、透過した光線をすべて積分球に受光するよう積分球の開口部に、得られた合わせガラスを平行にかつ密着させ、分光透過率を測定した。得られた上記分光透過率から算出した可視光線透過率を、全光線透過率とした。なお、実施例5〜8及び比較例2で得られた合わせガラスに関しては、得られた合わせガラスの中間層の最も厚い部位における全光線透過率を測定した。
SERIC社製の人工太陽照明灯「XC−100」を用いて、100cm離れた位置から、得られた合わせガラスに光を照射した。合わせガラスの光が照射された表面をガラスの面方向に90度回転させたときに、合わせガラスの色調が変化するか否かを評価した。多色性を以下の基準で判定した。
○:色調が変化する
×:色調が変化しない
2…樹脂膜
2a…第1の表面
2b…第2の表面
11…ガラス板含有積層体(合わせガラス)
12…樹脂膜
13…第1の層(第1の表面層)
14…第2の層(中間層)
15…第3の層(第2の表面層)
13a…外側の表面
15a…外側の表面
21…第1の合わせガラス部材(第1のガラス板)
22…第2の合わせガラス部材
Claims (18)
- 熱可塑性樹脂と、顔料とを含み、
熱可塑性樹脂膜を透過型電子顕微鏡によって平面視したときに、縦13μm及び横18μmの四角形の領域中、アスペクト比が3以上かつ50以下である顔料の数が3個以上かつ100個以下である、熱可塑性樹脂膜。 - 前記顔料の長さ方向を平均した方向が、熱可塑性樹脂膜の厚み方向と直交する方向と平行であるか、又は、熱可塑性樹脂膜の厚み方向と直交する方向に対して、20°以下で傾斜した方向である、請求項1に記載の熱可塑性樹脂膜。
- 前記熱可塑性樹脂として、ポリビニルアセタール樹脂又はアイオノマー樹脂を含む、請求項1又は2に記載の熱可塑性樹脂膜。
- 前記顔料として、フタロシアニン化合物、キナクドリン化合物、アゾ化合物、ペンタフェン化合物、ジオキサジン化合物、ペリレン化合物、インドール化合物又はカーボンブラックを含む、請求項1〜3のいずれか1項に記載の熱可塑性樹脂膜。
- 前記顔料として、フタロシアニン化合物を含む、請求項4に記載の熱可塑性樹脂膜。
- 前記フタロシアニン化合物の極大吸収波長が500nm以上740nm以下である、請求項4又は5に記載の熱可塑性樹脂膜。
- 前記顔料として、キナクドリン化合物、ペリレン化合物又はインドール化合物を含む、請求項4に記載の熱可塑性樹脂膜。
- 前記顔料として、カーボンブラックを含む、請求項4に記載の熱可塑性樹脂膜。
- JIS R3208に準拠した、厚み2mmの2枚のグリーンガラスの間に熱可塑性樹脂膜を挟み込んでガラス板含有積層体を得たときに、得られたガラス板含有積層体のヘーズ値が5%以下である、請求項1〜8のいずれか1項に記載の熱可塑性樹脂膜。
- 第1の表面層と、
第2の表面層とを備える、請求項1〜9のいずれか1項に記載の熱可塑性樹脂膜。 - 前記第1の表面層と前記第2の表面層との間に、中間層を備える、請求項10に記載の熱可塑性樹脂膜。
- 前記中間層が、前記顔料を含む、請求項11に記載の熱可塑性樹脂膜。
- ガラス板に貼り合わされて用いられる熱可塑性樹脂膜である、請求項1〜12のいずれか1項に記載の熱可塑性樹脂膜。
- 第1のガラス板と、
請求項1〜13のいずれか1項に記載の熱可塑性樹脂膜とを備え、
前記第1のガラス板に、前記熱可塑性樹脂膜が貼り合わされている、ガラス板含有積層体。 - 第1の合わせガラス部材として前記第1のガラス板と、
前記熱可塑性樹脂膜と、
第2の合わせガラス部材とを備え、
前記第1のガラス板に、前記熱可塑性樹脂膜が貼り合わされており、
前記第2の合わせガラス部材に、前記熱可塑性樹脂膜が貼り合わされており、
前記第1のガラス板と前記第2の合わせガラス部材との間に、前記熱可塑性樹脂膜が配置されている、請求項14に記載のガラス板含有積層体。 - 自動車用サイドガラスである、請求項14又は15に記載のガラス板含有積層体。
- 自動車用リアガラスである、請求項14又は15に記載のガラス板含有積層体。
- 自動車用ルーフガラスである、請求項14又は15に記載のガラス板含有積層体。
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