JPWO2018079637A1 - 電気化学デバイス - Google Patents
電気化学デバイス Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- JPWO2018079637A1 JPWO2018079637A1 JP2018547744A JP2018547744A JPWO2018079637A1 JP WO2018079637 A1 JPWO2018079637 A1 JP WO2018079637A1 JP 2018547744 A JP2018547744 A JP 2018547744A JP 2018547744 A JP2018547744 A JP 2018547744A JP WO2018079637 A1 JPWO2018079637 A1 JP WO2018079637A1
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- Prior art keywords
- positive electrode
- electrochemical device
- conductive polymer
- negative electrode
- anion
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
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- 150000001450 anions Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 69
- 229920001940 conductive polymer Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 65
- 239000008151 electrolyte solution Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 36
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- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 239000007773 negative electrode material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 239000007774 positive electrode material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 19
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- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- IEJIGPNLZYLLBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethyl carbonate Chemical compound COC(=O)OC IEJIGPNLZYLLBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 5
- 229920000128 polypyrrole Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
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- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 2
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Images
Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G73/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a linkage containing nitrogen with or without oxygen or carbon in the main chain of the macromolecule, not provided for in groups C08G12/00 - C08G71/00
- C08G73/02—Polyamines
- C08G73/026—Wholly aromatic polyamines
- C08G73/0266—Polyanilines or derivatives thereof
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
- H01G11/00—Hybrid capacitors, i.e. capacitors having different positive and negative electrodes; Electric double-layer [EDL] capacitors; Processes for the manufacture thereof or of parts thereof
- H01G11/04—Hybrid capacitors
- H01G11/06—Hybrid capacitors with one of the electrodes allowing ions to be reversibly doped thereinto, e.g. lithium ion capacitors [LIC]
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
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- H01G11/22—Electrodes
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
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- H01G11/22—Electrodes
- H01G11/30—Electrodes characterised by their material
- H01G11/50—Electrodes characterised by their material specially adapted for lithium-ion capacitors, e.g. for lithium-doping or for intercalation
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
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- H01G11/54—Electrolytes
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- H01M10/056—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes
- H01M10/0564—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes the electrolyte being constituted of organic materials only
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H01M10/056—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes
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Abstract
Description
関係式:
0<B/A<0.7を満たす、電気化学デバイスに関する。
0<B/A<0.7
を満たす。正極に含まれる導電性高分子を構成するモノマー単位の総量Aが、電気化学デバイスに含まれるアニオンの総量Bに比べて大きいほど、B/Aは0に近い値となる。電気化学デバイスに含まれるアニオンの総量Bは、少なくとも所定の放電容量を得るために必要な量を含んでいればよい。
0<C/A<0.7
を満たすことが好ましい。この場合、充電時に正極中においてアニオンをドープする導電性高分子の割合を小さくして、長時間のフロート充電時に劣化する導電性高分子の割合を十分に低減することができ、フロート特性を更に維持することができる。電気化学デバイスの充電状態において、電解液中のアニオンの殆どが正極の導電性高分子にドープされ、電解液がアニオンを殆ど含まない場合、上記Cの値は、上記Bの値と殆ど同じである。
(正極)
正極は、例えば、正極活物質として上記の導電性高分子を含む正極材料層を有する。正極材料層は、通常、正極集電体に担持される。正極集電体には、例えば導電性のシート材料が用いられる。シート材料としては、金属箔、金属多孔体、パンチングメタルなどが用いられる。正極集電体の材質としては、アルミニウム、アルミニウム合金、ニッケル、チタンなどを用いることができる。
負極は、例えば、負極活物質を含む負極材料層を有する。負極材料層は、通常、負極集電体に担持される。負極集電体には、例えば導電性のシート材料が用いられる。シート材料としては、金属箔、金属多孔体、パンチングメタルなどが用いられる。負極集電体の材質としては、銅、銅合金、ニッケル、ステンレス鋼などを用いることができる。
電解液(非水電解液)は、溶媒(非水溶媒)と、溶媒に溶解するリチウム塩とを含む。リチウム塩は、充電時に導電性高分子にドープされるアニオンおよび負極活物質に吸蔵されるリチウムイオンを含む。
種を用いることが望ましい。
充電状態(SOC90〜100%)における電解液中のリチウム塩の濃度は、例えば、0.5mol/L未満である。
/70〜70/30であればよい。
正極と負極との間に、セパレータを介在させることが好ましい。セパレータとしては、例えば、セルロース繊維製の不織布、ガラス繊維製の不織布、ポリオレフィン製の微多孔膜、織布、不織布などが用いられる。セパレータの厚みは、例えば10〜300μmであり、10〜40μmが好ましい。
電極群10は、図2に示すような巻回体であり、正極21と、負極22と、これらの間に介在するセパレータ23とを備える。巻回体の最外周は、巻止めテープ24により固定される。正極21は、リードタブ15Aと接続され、負極22は、リードタブ15Bと接続されている。電気化学デバイスは、電極群10と、電極群10を収容する有底ケース11と、有底ケース11の開口を塞ぐ封口体12と、封口体12から導出されるリード線14A、14Bと、電解液(図示せず)とを備える。リード線14A、14Bは、それぞれリードタブ15A、15Bと接続される。封口体12は、例えば、ゴム成分を含む弾性材料で形成されている。有底ケース11の開口端近傍は、内側に絞り加工され、開口端は封口体12にかしめるようにカール加工される。
以下、実施例に基づいて、本発明をより詳細に説明するが、本発明は実施例に限定されるものではない。
厚さ30μmのアルミニウム箔を正極集電体として準備した。一方、アニリンおよび硫酸を含むアニリン水溶液を準備した。
厚さ20μmの銅箔を負極集電体として準備した。一方、ハードカーボン97質量部と、カルボキシセルロース1質量部と、スチレンブタジエンゴム2質量部とを混合した混合粉末と、水とを、重量比で40:60の割合で混錬したカーボンペーストを調製した。カーボンペーストを負極集電体の両面に塗布し、乾燥して、厚さ35μmの負極材料層を両面に有する負極を得た。次に、負極材料層に、プレドープ完了後の電解液中での負極電位が金属リチウムに対して0.2V以下となるように計算された分量の金属リチウム層を形成した。
正極と負極にそれぞれリードタブを接続した後、図2に示すように、セルロース製不織布のセパレータ(厚さ35μm)と、正極、負極とを、それぞれ、交互に重ね合わせた積層体を巻回して、電極群を形成した。
プロピレンカーボネートとジメチルカーボネートとの体積比1:1の混合物に、ビニレンカーボネートを0.2質量%添加して、溶媒を調製した。得られた溶媒にリチウム塩としてLiPF6を所定濃度で溶解させて、アニオンとしてヘキサフルオロ燐酸イオン(PF6 −)を有する電解液を調製した。
開口を有する有底ケースに、電極群と電解液とを収容し、図1に示すような電気化学デバイスを組み立てた。その後、正極と負極との端子間に3.8Vの充電電圧を印加しながら25℃で24時間エージングし、リチウムイオンの負極へのプレドープを進行させた。
(1)容量維持率の測定(フロート特性の評価)
上記で得られた電気化学デバイスについて、下記条件で、充電、休止、放電の順に充放電試験を行い、初期の放電容量A(正極活物質1g当たりの容量)を測定した。
環境温度25℃
充電:充電終止電圧3.8Vに到達するまで定電流で1C充電
休止:5分間
放電:放電終止電圧2.5Vに到達するまで定電流で1C放電
容量維持率(%)=(放電容量B/放電容量A)×100
(i)正極に含まれる導電性高分子を構成するモノマー単位の総量A(mol)
電気化学デバイスを分解して正極を取り出し、正極集電体から正極材料層を剥離した後、ICP発光分光分析法を用いて、正極材料層に含まれるポリアニリン中の窒素原子の総モル数を求めた。モノマー単位(アニリン骨格)1つ当たり窒素原子を1つ含むことに基づいて、正極材料層中の導電性高分子を構成するモノマー単位の総量A(mol)を求めた。ポリアニリンは、論理的に、モノマー単位(アニリン骨格)1つ当たりアニオンの受容サイトを1つ有する。
電気化学デバイスに含まれるアニオン(PF6 −)の総量B(mol)は、正極に含まれるアニオン量(mol)、および電解液に含まれるアニオン量(mol)を合算することにより求めた。
Claims (4)
- 正極活物質としてアニオンをドープおよび脱ドープ可能な導電性高分子を含む正極と、
リチウムイオンを吸蔵および放出可能な負極活物質を含む負極と、
前記アニオンおよび前記リチウムイオンを含む電解液と、
を備える電気化学デバイスであって、
前記正極に含まれる前記導電性高分子を構成するモノマー単位の総量A(mol)と、前記電気化学デバイスに含まれる前記アニオンの総量B(mol)とは、関係式:
0<B/A<0.7を満たす、電気化学デバイス。 - 前記導電性高分子は、ポリアニリン、ポリピロール、ポリチオフェン、およびこれらを基本骨格とする高分子誘導体よりなる群から選択される少なくとも1種を含む、請求項1に記載の電気化学デバイス。
- 前記アニオンは、BF4 −、PF6 −、ClO4 −、FSO3 −、およびN(FSO2)2 −よりなる群から選択される少なくとも1種を含む、請求項1または2に記載の電気化学デバイス。
- 前記電解液は、溶媒としてジメチルカーボネートおよびプロピレンカーボネートを含む、請求項1〜3のいずれか1項に記載の電気化学デバイス。
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JPH10261418A (ja) * | 1997-03-18 | 1998-09-29 | Kyushu Electric Power Co Inc | リチウム二次電池用正極材料 |
JP2004047487A (ja) * | 1995-01-25 | 2004-02-12 | Ricoh Co Ltd | リチウム二次電池用負極および該負極を用いたリチウム二次電池 |
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JPH10261418A (ja) * | 1997-03-18 | 1998-09-29 | Kyushu Electric Power Co Inc | リチウム二次電池用正極材料 |
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