JPWO2017104316A1 - 燃料電池システム、及び、燃料電池システムの制御方法 - Google Patents
燃料電池システム、及び、燃料電池システムの制御方法 Download PDFInfo
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- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 414
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 62
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 207
- 239000002828 fuel tank Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 69
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 claims description 55
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000004913 activation Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000002407 reforming Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 59
- 239000002737 fuel gas Substances 0.000 description 13
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 description 11
- 230000006837 decompression Effects 0.000 description 11
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 11
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 description 11
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 10
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000001994 activation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 4
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000000567 combustion gas Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000009834 vaporization Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000008016 vaporization Effects 0.000 description 3
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000006555 catalytic reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 description 1
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000033228 biological regulation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910002091 carbon monoxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000007084 catalytic combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910010293 ceramic material Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- VUZPPFZMUPKLLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane;hydrate Chemical compound C.O VUZPPFZMUPKLLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920005597 polymer membrane Polymers 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
Description
図1は、第1実施形態における固体酸化物型燃料電池(SOFC:Solid Oxide Fuel Cell)システムの主要構成を示すブロック図である。このシステムによって、電動車両の駆動などに用いられる電力が発電される。
第1実施形態においては、分離器3において分離された水は燃料電池システム100外に排出されたが、これに限らない。分離器3において分離された水が、再び燃料電池システム100内にて用いられてもよい。
第1実施形態においては、分離器3にて一部の水が分離された含水燃料は燃料ポンプ4を介して燃焼器10、触媒燃焼器11、及び、排気燃焼器12に供給されたが、これに限らない。第3実施形態においては、分離器3を経た含水燃料の一部がタンクに蓄えられる例について説明する。
第1実施形態においては、分離器3が燃料ポンプ4と蒸発器5との間に設けられたがこれに限らない。分離器3は、蒸発器5と隣接するように設けられてもよい。
Claims (16)
- アノードガスとカソードガスとの供給を受けて発電する固体酸化物型の燃料電池と、
水を含有する含水燃料を蓄える燃料タンクと、
前記燃料電池と前記燃料タンクとを接続する燃料供給路と、
前記燃料供給路上に設けられ、前記含水燃料を前記アノードガスに改質する改質器と、
前記燃料供給路上における前記改質器よりも上流側に設けられ、前記含水燃料に含まれる水を分離する分離器と、
前記改質器よりも上流側に設けられ、前記含水燃料に含まれる水分割合を検出又は推定する検出部と、
前記分離器を制御する制御部と、を有し、
前記制御部は、前記検出部により検出又は推定される水分割合に基づいて、前記分離器を制御する、
燃料電池システム。 - 請求項1に記載の燃料電池システムであって、
前記制御部は、前記水分割合が大きくなるほど前記含水燃料から分離される水の分離量が大きくなるように、前記分離器を制御する、
燃料電池システム。 - 請求項2に記載の燃料電池システムであって、
前記分離器は、操作量が大きくなるほど、前記含水燃料から多くの水を分離する、
燃料電池システム。 - 請求項3に記載の燃料電池システムであって、
前記分離器に供給される前記含水燃料の温度を取得する温度センサを有し、
前記制御部は、前記温度センサにより取得される前記含水燃料の温度が高くなるほど、前記分離器の操作量を小さく補正する、
燃料電池システム。 - 請求項3又は4に記載の燃料電池システムであって、
前記分離器に供給される前記含水燃料の流量を取得する流量センサを有し、
前記制御部は、前記流量センサにより取得される前記含水燃料の流量が多くなるほど、前記分離器の操作量を大きく補正する、
燃料電池システム。 - 請求項1から5のいずれか1項に記載の燃料電池システムであって、
前記分離器は、前記含水燃料から分離した水を前記燃料電池システムの外に排出する、
燃料電池システム。 - 請求項1から5のいずれか1項に記載の燃料電池システムであって、
前記分離器により前記含水燃料から分離される水を前記燃料タンクに戻す燃料回収路と、
前記燃料回収路上に設けられる回収ポンプと、をさらに有し、
前記制御部は、前記水分割合に基づいて、前記回収ポンプを制御する、
燃料電池システム。 - 請求項7に記載の燃料電池システムであって、
前記制御部は、前記水分割合が小さくなるほど、前記燃料タンクに戻される水の回収量が大きくなるように、前記回収ポンプを制御する、
燃料電池システム。 - 請求項1から8のいずれか1項に記載の燃料電池システムであって、
前記燃料電池システムの起動時に、前記燃料電池に供給されるカソードガスを加熱する起動燃焼器と、
前記分離器により水が分離された後の前記含水燃料を蓄える起動燃料タンクと、
前記起動燃料タンクと、前記起動燃焼器とを接続する起動燃料路と、をさらに有する、
燃料電池システム。 - 請求項8に記載の燃料電池システムであって、
前記制御部は、前記燃料電池システムの起動時に、前記含水燃料の水分割合が規定量を下回るように、前記分離器を制御する、
燃料電池システム。 - 請求項9又は10に記載の燃料電池システムであって、
前記起動燃料タンク内の前記含水燃料の残量を取得する残量センサを、さらに有し、
前記制御部は、前記燃料電池システムの停止時に、前記残量センサにより取得される前記起動燃料タンク内の前記含水燃料の残量が、前記燃料電池システムの起動時に前記起動燃焼器により消費される燃料量を下回る場合には、前記含水燃料の水分割合が規定量を下回るように、前記分離器を制御する、
燃料電池システム。 - 請求項1から11のいずれか1項に記載の燃料電池システムであって、
前記分離器は、
前記含水燃料が流れる燃料室と大気が存在する大気室とを隔てる分離膜を、有し、
前記制御部は、前記分離膜により隔てられた前記燃料室と前記大気室との圧力の差である膜間差圧を制御する、
燃料電池システム。 - 請求項12に記載の燃料電池システムであって、
前記分離器は、
前記大気室を減圧する減圧ポンプを、さらに有し、
前記制御部は、前記減圧ポンプを制御する、
燃料電池システム。 - 請求項1から11のいずれか1項に記載の燃料電池システムであって、
前記燃料供給路上における前記改質器よりも上流側に設けられ、前記含水燃料を蒸発させる蒸発器を、さらに有し、
前記分離器は、前記蒸発器に設けられる、
燃料電池システム。 - 水を含有する含水燃料から改質されるアノードガスと、カソードガスとの供給を受けて発電する固体酸化物型の燃料電池を備える燃料電池システムの制御方法であって、
前記含水燃料の水分割合を検出又は推定する検出ステップと、
前記検出ステップにおいて検出又は推定される水分割合に応じて、前記含水燃料から水を分離する分離ステップと、を有する、
燃料電池システムの制御方法。 - 請求項15に記載の燃料電池システムの制御方法であって、
前記分離ステップにおいて、前記水分割合が大きくなるほど、前記含水燃料から分離する水の分離量を大きくする、
燃料電池システムの制御方法。
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