WO2017104316A1 - 燃料電池システム、及び、燃料電池システムの制御方法 - Google Patents
燃料電池システム、及び、燃料電池システムの制御方法 Download PDFInfo
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- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
- H01M8/12—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes operating at high temperature, e.g. with stabilised ZrO2 electrolyte
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04223—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids during start-up or shut-down; Depolarisation or activation, e.g. purging; Means for short-circuiting defective fuel cells
- H01M8/04225—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids during start-up or shut-down; Depolarisation or activation, e.g. purging; Means for short-circuiting defective fuel cells during start-up
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- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04223—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids during start-up or shut-down; Depolarisation or activation, e.g. purging; Means for short-circuiting defective fuel cells
- H01M8/04228—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids during start-up or shut-down; Depolarisation or activation, e.g. purging; Means for short-circuiting defective fuel cells during shut-down
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- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04223—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids during start-up or shut-down; Depolarisation or activation, e.g. purging; Means for short-circuiting defective fuel cells
- H01M8/04268—Heating of fuel cells during the start-up of the fuel cells
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- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04291—Arrangements for managing water in solid electrolyte fuel cell systems
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- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/043—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems applied during specific periods
- H01M8/04302—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems applied during specific periods applied during start-up
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- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/043—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems applied during specific periods
- H01M8/04303—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems applied during specific periods applied during shut-down
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/04313—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by the detection or assessment of variables; characterised by the detection or assessment of failure or abnormal function
- H01M8/04492—Humidity; Ambient humidity; Water content
- H01M8/045—Humidity; Ambient humidity; Water content of anode reactants at the inlet or inside the fuel cell
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- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/04694—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by variables to be controlled
- H01M8/04746—Pressure; Flow
- H01M8/04753—Pressure; Flow of fuel cell reactants
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/04694—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by variables to be controlled
- H01M8/04746—Pressure; Flow
- H01M8/04776—Pressure; Flow at auxiliary devices, e.g. reformer, compressor, burner
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/04694—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by variables to be controlled
- H01M8/04828—Humidity; Water content
- H01M8/04835—Humidity; Water content of fuel cell reactants
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/06—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues
- H01M8/0606—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues with means for production of gaseous reactants
- H01M8/0612—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues with means for production of gaseous reactants from carbon-containing material
- H01M8/0618—Reforming processes, e.g. autothermal, partial oxidation or steam reforming
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/06—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues
- H01M8/0662—Treatment of gaseous reactants or gaseous residues, e.g. cleaning
- H01M8/0687—Reactant purification by the use of membranes or filters
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
- H01M8/12—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes operating at high temperature, e.g. with stabilised ZrO2 electrolyte
- H01M2008/1293—Fuel cells with solid oxide electrolytes
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/04313—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by the detection or assessment of variables; characterised by the detection or assessment of failure or abnormal function
- H01M8/0432—Temperature; Ambient temperature
- H01M8/04328—Temperature; Ambient temperature of anode reactants at the inlet or inside the fuel cell
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/04313—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by the detection or assessment of variables; characterised by the detection or assessment of failure or abnormal function
- H01M8/0438—Pressure; Ambient pressure; Flow
- H01M8/04388—Pressure; Ambient pressure; Flow of anode reactants at the inlet or inside the fuel cell
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/06—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues
- H01M8/0662—Treatment of gaseous reactants or gaseous residues, e.g. cleaning
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a fuel cell system and a control method thereof.
- a solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC: Solid Oxide Fuel Cell) that operates at a relatively high temperature with an anode gas supplied to one side and a cathode gas (air, etc.) supplied to the other side is known.
- SOFC Solid Oxide Fuel Cell
- a hydrous fuel such as hydrous ethanol is used. Since the fuel contained in such a water-containing fuel is more easily vaporized than water, the water content of the water-containing fuel is increased in the fuel tank. If such a water-containing fuel with a high water content is used, the power generation performance of the fuel cell may be reduced.
- JP2010-190210A discloses a technique for recovering the liquefied fuel by collecting the vaporized fuel in the fuel tank by liquefying it again.
- An object of the present invention is to provide a fuel cell system capable of appropriately adjusting the moisture ratio of the hydrous fuel used for driving the fuel cell.
- the fuel cell system includes a solid oxide fuel cell that generates power by receiving supply of anode gas and cathode gas, and a fuel tank that stores water-containing fuel.
- a fuel supply path connecting the fuel cell and the fuel tank; a reformer provided on the fuel supply path for reforming the hydrated fuel into anode gas; and provided upstream of the reformer on the fuel supply path.
- a separator that separates water contained in the hydrous fuel, a detection unit that is provided upstream of the reformer and that detects or estimates a moisture content contained in the hydrous fuel, and a control unit that controls the separator Have. The control unit controls the separator based on the moisture ratio acquired by the detection unit.
- FIG. 1 is a block diagram of the fuel cell system of the first embodiment.
- FIG. 2 is a configuration diagram of the separator.
- FIG. 3 is a flowchart showing the separation control process.
- FIG. 4 is a graph showing the amount of separation in the separation control process.
- FIG. 5 is a flowchart showing another separation control process.
- FIG. 6 is a graph showing the control amount of the separator in another separation control process.
- FIG. 7 is a flowchart showing still another separation control process.
- FIG. 8 is a block diagram of the fuel cell system of the second embodiment.
- FIG. 9 is a flowchart showing the collection control process.
- FIG. 10 is a graph showing the amount of collected water in the collection control process.
- FIG. 11 is a flowchart showing a control process for performing separation and recovery.
- FIG. 12 is a block diagram of the fuel cell system of the third embodiment.
- FIG. 13 is a flowchart showing the separation control process.
- FIG. 15 is a configuration
- FIG. 1 is a block diagram illustrating a main configuration of a solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) system according to the first embodiment. With this system, electric power used for driving an electric vehicle is generated.
- SOFC solid oxide fuel cell
- a fuel cell stack 1 which is an SOFC includes an electrolyte layer formed of a solid oxide such as ceramic, an anode electrode (fuel electrode) to which an anode gas (fuel gas) as a fuel is supplied, and a cathode gas (oxidizing gas). As described above, the cells are sandwiched between cathode electrodes (air electrodes) supplied with oxygen-containing air.
- electric power is generated by reacting a fuel such as hydrogen contained in the anode gas with oxygen in the cathode gas, and the reacted anode gas (anode off gas) and the reacted cathode gas (cathode off gas). Is discharged.
- a solid oxide fuel cell system including the fuel cell stack 1 (hereinafter referred to as a fuel cell system 100) includes a fuel supply system that supplies an anode gas to the fuel cell stack 1, and a cathode gas that is supplied to the fuel cell stack 1.
- An air supply system to be supplied and an exhaust system for exhausting anode off-gas and cathode off-gas to the outside of the fuel cell system 100 are provided.
- the fuel supply system includes a fuel tank 2, a separator 3, a fuel pump 4, an evaporator 5, a raw material heater 6, a reformer 7, and the like.
- the air supply system includes a cathode compressor 8, an air heat exchanger 9, a combustor 10, a catalytic combustor 11, and the like.
- the exhaust system includes an exhaust combustor 12 and the like.
- the fuel cell system 100 includes a control unit 13 that controls the operation of the entire system. The control unit 13 controls various devices of the fuel cell system 100 to adjust the moisture ratio of the hydrated fuel used for driving the fuel cell system 100.
- a separator 3 In the fuel supply system, a separator 3, a fuel pump 4, an evaporator 5, a raw material heater 6, and a reformer 7 are provided in an anode supply path from the fuel tank 2 to the fuel cell stack 1.
- the hydrous fuel stored in the fuel tank 2 is supplied to the separator 3 via the path 101.
- the water-containing fuel is a water-containing fuel containing water such as water-containing ethanol.
- a detection unit 2 ⁇ / b> A that acquires the moisture ratio of the hydrated fuel stored in the fuel tank 2 is provided.
- the detection unit 2A detects or estimates the moisture ratio of the water-containing fuel using the difference in dielectric constant between the fuel (ethanol) and water.
- the hydrous fuel may contain a hydrocarbon fuel other than ethanol.
- the separator 3 a part of the water contained in the hydrous fuel is separated.
- the separator 3 is configured so that the amount of water separated from the water-containing fuel increases as the operation amount increases.
- the detailed configuration of the separator 3 will be described later with reference to FIG.
- the path 101 is provided with a temperature sensor 14 and a flow sensor 15.
- the temperature sensor 14 acquires the temperature of the hydrous fuel supplied to the separator 3, and the flow sensor 15 acquires the flow rate of the hydrous fuel supplied to the separator 3.
- the water-containing fuel from which part of the water has been separated in the separator 3 reaches the fuel pump 4 via the path 102 and is sent out from the fuel pump 4 to the path 103.
- the path 103 branches downstream into paths 104, 105, and 106. Therefore, the water-containing fuel flowing through the path 103 is supplied to the evaporator 5 via the path 104 and also supplied to the exhaust combustor 12 via the path 105.
- the path 106 further branches into paths 107 and 108 downstream. Therefore, the hydrous fuel flowing through the path 106 is supplied to the combustor 10 via the path 107 and also supplied to the catalytic combustor 11 via the path 108.
- the evaporator 5 uses the heat of the exhaust gas from the exhaust combustor 12 to vaporize the hydrated fuel that is a liquid and generates fuel gas.
- the fuel gas generated in the evaporator 5 is supplied to the raw material heater 6 through a path 109.
- the raw material heater 6 is provided adjacent to the exhaust combustor 12.
- the raw material heater 6 further heats the fuel gas to a temperature that can be reformed in the reformer 7 using the heat generated in the exhaust combustor 12. Then, the fuel gas heated by the raw material heater 6 is supplied to the reformer 7 via the path 110.
- the fuel gas supplied to the reformer 7 is reformed into an anode gas by a catalytic reaction.
- This anode gas is supplied from the reformer 7 to the anode electrode of the fuel cell stack 1 via the path 111.
- the hydrous fuel is hydrous ethanol
- the hydrous fuel is reformed into an anode gas containing methane, hydrogen, carbon monoxide, and the like.
- the air heat exchanger 9 heats the cathode gas using the heat of the exhaust gas from the exhaust combustor 12.
- the cathode gas heated by the air heat exchanger 9 is supplied to the combustor 10 via the path 113 and then supplied to the catalytic combustor 11 via the path 114.
- the combustor 10 and the catalytic combustor 11 are mainly activated in the system activation process of the fuel cell system 100.
- the system activation process is, for example, that the fuel cell stack 1 stably generates power after a start switch of a vehicle on which the fuel cell system 100 is mounted is pressed and the fuel cell system 100 starts operating. It is a process performed until it is possible.
- the cathode gas supplied from the cathode compressor 8 and the hydrated fuel supplied from the fuel pump 4 via the paths 103, 106, and 107 are mixed in the combustor 10.
- the mixed gas is ignited by an ignition device attached to the combustor 10 to form a preheating burner for heating the catalytic combustor 11.
- the catalytic combustor 11 is a device that includes a catalyst inside and generates high-temperature combustion gas using the catalyst.
- the cathode gas from the cathode compressor 8 and the hydrated fuel from the fuel pump 4 are supplied to the catalytic combustor 11.
- the catalyst of the catalytic combustor 11 is heated by a preheating burner, and the cathode gas and the fuel contained in the water-containing fuel are burned on the heated catalyst to generate combustion gas.
- emitted from the combustor 10 and the catalyst combustor 11 is a high temperature inert gas which hardly contains oxygen.
- the fuel cell stack 1 is supplied with the inert gas heated by the catalytic combustor 11 via the path 115, so that the fuel cell stack 1 generates power. It becomes possible temperature.
- the temperature of the fuel cell stack 1 can be appropriately generated and the system startup process is completed, the combustion reaction in the combustor 10 and the catalytic combustor 11 is completed, and the air heat exchanger 9 A heated cathode gas is supplied.
- anode gas is supplied from the fuel supply system to the fuel cell stack 1 and cathode gas is supplied from the air supply system.
- the anode gas and the cathode gas react to generate power, and the anode off-gas and cathode off-gas are discharged out of the fuel cell system 100 through the exhaust system.
- the anode off-gas is discharged from the path 116 and the cathode off-gas is discharged from the path 117.
- the anode off-gas and cathode off-gas are combusted by an oxidation catalytic reaction in the exhaust combustor 12 and are discharged to the path 118 as exhaust gas.
- Heat generated with combustion is transmitted to the raw material heater 6 adjacent to the exhaust combustor 12.
- the exhaust gas reaches the evaporator 5 via the path 118 and then reaches the air heat exchanger 9 via the path 119.
- the exhaust gas is finally discharged to the outside of the fuel cell system 100 via the path 120.
- the exhaust combustor 12 is made of a ceramic material such as alumina, mixes anode off-gas and cathode off-gas, burns the mixed gas through an oxidation catalyst, and generates exhaust gas mainly composed of carbon dioxide and water. Generate.
- a water-containing fuel can be supplied to the exhaust combustor 12 via a path 105.
- the catalytic combustion reaction in the exhaust combustor 12 can be controlled by adjusting the supply amount of the hydrous fuel supplied to the exhaust combustor 12.
- the control unit 13 controls the entire fuel cell system 100 by controlling each component of the fuel cell system 100 and valves in each system.
- the control unit 13 includes a microcomputer that includes a central processing unit (CPU), a read-only memory (ROM), a random access memory (RAM), and an input / output interface (I / O interface).
- CPU central processing unit
- ROM read-only memory
- RAM random access memory
- I / O interface input / output interface
- the separator 3 includes a fuel container 31, a cooling container 32, and a pipe 33 that connects the fuel container 31 and the cooling container 32.
- a water separation membrane 34 in the fuel container 31, there are provided a fuel chamber 35 in which the hydrated fuel flows and an atmosphere chamber 36 in which the hydrated fuel does not flow and the atmosphere exists.
- the water separation membrane 34 is composed of a polymer membrane having no pores, a ceramic having pores, or the like.
- the pipe 33 is connected to the atmospheric chamber 36 of the fuel container 31.
- the cooling container 32 is cooled by being provided in the water tank 37 and is configured to be depressurized by a decompression pump 38.
- the air pressure in the cooling chamber 32, the piping 33, and the air chamber 36 of the fuel container 31 is lowered.
- a part of the water contained in the hydrous fuel present in the fuel chamber 35 becomes water vapor and passes through the water separation membrane 34 to reach the atmosphere chamber 36.
- the water vapor is liquefied again in the cooling vessel 32 that is water-cooled by the water tank 37.
- the water liquefied in the cooling container 32 is discharged out of the fuel cell system 100 at a predetermined timing.
- a drain communicating with the outside of the fuel cell system 100 is provided in the cooling container 32, and liquefied water is appropriately discharged out of the fuel cell system 100 through the drain.
- the membrane pressure differential pressure that is the difference in pressure between the adjacent fuel chamber 35 and the atmospheric chamber 36 via the water separation membrane 34 is set to a desired magnitude.
- the amount of water separated from the water-containing fuel can be controlled.
- FIG. 3 shows an example of a separation control process for separating a part of water contained in the hydrous fuel. This process is repeatedly performed at a predetermined interval from when the fuel cell system 100 starts up to when it ends.
- step S31 the detection unit 2A provided in the fuel tank 2 acquires the moisture content of the hydrated fuel stored in the fuel tank 2.
- step S32 separation step
- the control part 13 controls the separator 3 according to the moisture ratio acquired by the detection part 2A. By doing in this way, the water-containing fuel sent out by the fuel pump 4 from the separator 3 becomes a desired moisture ratio.
- FIG. 4 shows a graph used for the process of S32 of FIG. This graph is stored in the control unit 13.
- the amount of water separated in the separator 3 according to the moisture ratio acquired by the detection unit 2A is shown.
- the horizontal axis indicates the moisture ratio of the hydrated fuel, and the vertical axis indicates the amount of water separated in the separator 3. Further, the moisture ratio of the water-containing fuel that allows the fuel cell stack 1 to generate electricity appropriately is shown as the specified moisture ratio.
- the water separation control process by the separator 3 is not performed.
- water separation control processing by the separator 3 is performed. Specifically, the separator 3 is controlled so that the amount of separation increases as the moisture ratio increases. By doing in this way, the moisture ratio of the hydrated fuel supplied from the separator 3 to the fuel supply system can be made substantially equal to the specified moisture ratio.
- the control unit 13 determines the control amount (driving power) of the decompression pump 38 of the separator 3 so as to control the transmembrane pressure difference so that the water separation amount in the separator 3 becomes a desired value.
- the control unit 13 may control the decompression pump 38 using a graph in which the transmembrane pressure difference is indicated on the vertical axis instead of the graph of FIG. 4.
- the separation control process shown in FIG. 5 is different from the separation control process shown in FIG. 3 in that the process of S51 is added between S31 and S32.
- step S51 the temperature of the hydrous fuel supplied to the separator 3 is acquired by the temperature sensor 14 provided in the path 101 between the fuel tank 2 and the separator 3.
- the water separation capacity of the separator 3 varies depending on the temperature of the hydrous fuel.
- the separator 3 is configured to include the water separation membrane 34 as shown in FIG. 2, the amount of separation varies depending on the temperature of the water-containing fuel, even with the same transmembrane pressure difference. Specifically, the higher the temperature, the larger the separation amount even at the same transmembrane pressure, so that a desired amount of water can be separated even when the transmembrane pressure is small.
- control unit 13 stores a graph as shown in FIG. 6 in advance.
- the vertical axis indicates the temperature of the water-containing fuel
- the horizontal axis indicates the moisture ratio of the water-containing fuel.
- the desired transmembrane pressure difference in the separator 3 according to the temperature of the water-containing fuel and the water ratio is shown in the graph.
- the control unit 13 becomes the transmembrane pressure difference shown at a position determined according to the temperature of the hydrous fuel acquired by the temperature sensor 14 and the moisture ratio of the hydrous fuel acquired by the detection unit 2A.
- the decompression pump 38 is driven.
- the control unit 13 determines the transmembrane differential pressure by a proportional distribution method or the like. By doing in this way, since the control part 13 will correct
- step S71 is added between steps S51 and S32.
- step S71 the flow rate of the hydrated fuel flowing into the separator 3 is acquired by the flow rate sensor 15 provided in the path 101 between the fuel tank 2 and the separator 3.
- the separation capability of the separator 3 varies depending on the flow rate of the inflowing hydrous fuel. For example, even with the same transmembrane pressure difference, the amount of separation varies depending on the flow rate. Specifically, the larger the flow rate, the smaller the separation amount.
- the control unit 13 preliminarily shows the relationship between the transmembrane differential pressure and the separation amount and the transmembrane differential pressure as shown in FIG. 6 according to the flow rate of the hydrous fuel flowing into the separator 3. Is stored in memory. Specifically, in these graphs, when the temperature and moisture ratio of the hydrated fuel are the same, the transmembrane pressure difference increases as the flow rate increases. When the control unit 13 selects a graph corresponding to the flow rate of the water-containing fuel acquired by the flow sensor 15, the control unit 13 obtains the transmembrane pressure difference corresponding to the temperature and the water ratio of the water-containing fuel using the selected graph.
- control part 13 drives the pressure reduction pump 38 so that it may become the calculated
- the detection unit 2A is provided in the fuel tank 2, but the present invention is not limited to this.
- the detector 2A may be provided upstream of the evaporator 5 in the anode supply path, that is, in the paths 101, 102, 103, 104, and the like.
- the detection unit 2A is more than the reformer 7. What is necessary is just to provide upstream. By doing so, the moisture ratio of the hydrated fuel that is reformed to the anode gas is adjusted according to the moisture ratio acquired by the detection unit 2A, and therefore the anode used for power generation of the fuel cell stack 1 The gas can be generated appropriately.
- the fuel (ethanol) is more easily vaporized than the water. Therefore, the water-containing fuel stored in the fuel tank 2 for a long time has a low fuel ratio and a high water ratio. Further, the hydrous fuel stored in the fuel tank 2 is supplied to the fuel cell stack 1 after being reformed into anode gas through the fuel supply path (paths 101, 102, 103, 104, 109, 110, and 111). Is done. When the water-containing fuel stored in the fuel tank 2 for a long period of time is used, the moisture ratio is high, so the anode gas is not properly supplied to the fuel cell stack 1 and the power generation capacity may be reduced.
- the detection unit 2A that detects the water ratio of the water-containing fuel stored in the fuel tank 2 and the separator 3 that separates the water contained in the water-containing fuel are provided. Is provided. And the control part 13 controls the separation amount of the water in the separator 3 according to the moisture ratio detected by the detection part 2A. By doing so, the water content contained in the hydrated fuel decreases, so that vaporization of the hydrated fuel into the fuel gas in the evaporator 5 and reforming of the fuel gas into the anode gas in the reformer 7 are appropriate. Will be done. Therefore, since the anode gas is appropriately supplied to the fuel cell stack 1, it is possible to suppress a decrease in power generation capacity in the fuel cell stack 1.
- the separator 3 is controlled so that more water is separated. By doing in this way, since the water
- the separator 3 operates only when the moisture ratio of the hydrated fuel exceeds the specified amount, and does not operate when the moisture ratio of the hydrated fuel falls below the specified amount. In this way, unnecessary separation control processing by the separator 3 can be suppressed.
- the temperature sensor 14 that acquires the temperature of the hydrous fuel supplied to the separator 3 is provided.
- the control unit 13 controls the separator 3 in accordance with the temperature of the water-containing fuel acquired by the temperature sensor 14 in addition to the moisture ratio of the water-containing fuel. Specifically, the driving power of the separator 3 is decreased as the temperature of the hydrous fuel is higher.
- the separator 3 is configured to include the water separation membrane 34 and the decompression pump 38 as shown in FIG. 2, the higher the temperature of the hydrous fuel, the smaller the transmembrane pressure difference. The decompression pump 38 is controlled. By doing in this way, since the accuracy of the amount of water separation in the separator 3 is increased, a desired amount of water can be separated, and a decrease in power generation capacity in the fuel cell stack 1 can be suppressed.
- the flow rate sensor 15 that acquires the supply amount of the hydrous fuel supplied to the separator 3 is provided.
- the control unit 13 further controls the separator 3 in accordance with the flow rate of the hydrated fuel acquired by the flow rate sensor 15. Specifically, the driving power of the separator 3 is increased as the flow rate of the hydrous fuel is increased.
- the separator 3 is configured to include the water separation membrane 34 and the vacuum pump 38 as shown in FIG. 2, the greater the flow rate of the hydrous fuel, the greater the transmembrane pressure difference.
- the decompression pump 38 is controlled.
- the separator 3 is provided with the water separation membrane 34, so that the fuel chamber 35 and the atmospheric chamber 36 are provided.
- the transmembrane pressure difference which is the difference between the pressure in the atmospheric chamber 36 and the pressure in the fuel chamber 35
- the control unit 13 can accurately control the water separation amount of the separator 3 by controlling the transmembrane pressure difference.
- the cooling container 32 connected to the atmospheric chamber 36 of the fuel container 31 of the separator 3 via the pipe 33 is provided, and the cooling container 32 is decompressed.
- a pump 38 is provided. Therefore, the control unit 13 drives and controls the decompression pump 38 so that a desired transmembrane pressure is obtained. In this way, since the transmembrane pressure difference is controlled, the amount of water separated in the separator 3 can be controlled with high accuracy.
- FIG. 8 is a configuration diagram of the fuel cell system 100 of the second embodiment.
- the fuel cell system 100 shown in FIG. 8 differs from the fuel cell system 100 of the first embodiment shown in FIG. 1 in that the paths 801 and 802 and the recovery device 16 are provided.
- the recovery unit 16 includes a tank and a pump.
- the pump (collection pump) of the recovery device 16 supplies the water in the tank to the fuel tank 2 via the path 802. Therefore, the paths 801 and 802 correspond to a fuel recovery path that recovers the separated water and supplies it to the fuel tank 2.
- FIG. 9 is a flowchart showing the collection control process performed by the control unit 13.
- step S91 is performed instead of step S32.
- step S91 the water separated in the separator 3 via the paths 801 and 802 is driven into the fuel tank by driving the pump of the collector 16 in accordance with the moisture ratio of the water-containing fuel detected by the detector 2A. 2 to collect.
- FIG. 10 shows a graph used for the process of S91 of FIG. This graph is stored in the control unit 13.
- the amount of water collected in the fuel tank 2 by the collector 16 according to the moisture ratio acquired by the detector 2A is shown.
- the abscissa indicates the moisture ratio of the hydrated fuel, and the ordinate indicates the amount of water that is returned to the fuel tank 2.
- the specified moisture ratio is shown as in FIG.
- a recovery process is performed in which the water separated by the separator 3 is collected in the fuel tank 2.
- the control unit 13 controls the pump of the recovery unit 16 so that the recovery amount increases as the moisture ratio decreases.
- FIG. 11 is a diagram showing a flowchart when the collection control process of the present embodiment is performed together with the separation control process of the first embodiment.
- the flowchart shown in FIG. 11 differs from the flowchart of the first embodiment shown in FIG. 3 in that a determination process in step S111 and a collection process in step S91 are added.
- step S91 the same process as the recovery process in the recovery control process shown in FIG. 9 is performed.
- step S111 it is determined whether or not the water content of the hydrated fuel detected by the detection unit 2A is equal to or higher than the specified water content.
- the water ratio is equal to or higher than the specified water ratio (S111: Yes)
- it is determined that it is necessary to separate the water contained in the water-containing fuel and the process proceeds to step S32.
- the moisture ratio is lower than the specified moisture ratio (S111: No)
- the separation control process is performed.
- the recovery control is performed. Processing is performed. Therefore, in any case, the moisture ratio of the hydrated fuel stored in the fuel tank 2 can be made approximately equal to the specified moisture ratio.
- the water-containing fuel having a high fuel ratio is used for driving the fuel cell system 100.
- an anode gas exceeding a predetermined amount is supplied to the fuel cell stack 1, and there is a possibility that the power generation capacity cannot be appropriately controlled.
- the moisture ratio of the water-containing fuel in the fuel tank 2 can be increased. Therefore, the moisture ratio of the hydrated fuel used for driving the fuel cell system 100 does not fall below the specified moisture ratio. Therefore, the power generation capacity in the fuel cell stack 1 can be more appropriately suppressed.
- the separation control process of the first embodiment and the collection control process of the present embodiment can be combined.
- the separation control process is performed, and the moisture ratio of the hydrated fuel is reduced to approximately the specified moisture ratio.
- the recovery control process is performed, and the moisture ratio of the hydrated fuel is increased to approximately the specified moisture ratio.
- the water-containing fuel from which part of the water has been separated by the separator 3 is supplied to the combustor 10, the catalytic combustor 11, and the exhaust combustor 12 via the fuel pump 4. Not limited to this.
- the third embodiment an example will be described in which part of the hydrous fuel that has passed through the separator 3 is stored in a tank.
- FIG. 12 is a configuration diagram of the fuel cell system 100 of the third embodiment.
- the fuel cell system 100 shown in FIG. 12 has an additional path 1201, 1202, 1203, an activation fuel tank 17, and an activation pump 18. Is different.
- the startup fuel tank 17 is provided with a remaining amount sensor 17A that acquires the remaining amount of fuel in the startup fuel tank 17.
- the paths 1201, 1202, and 1203 are startup fuel paths through which startup fuel flows.
- the combustor 10 may be referred to as a startup combustor.
- the hydrous fuel from which part of the water has been separated in the separator 3 is stored in the starting fuel tank 17 from the fuel pump 4 via the path 1201. Then, when the hydrated fuel stored in the startup fuel tank 17 reaches the startup pump 18 via the path 1202, it is supplied to the combustor 10 via the path 1203.
- the control process in the fuel cell system 100 is shown in FIG.
- step S131 the control unit 13 determines whether or not the fuel cell system 100 is in a cold start state.
- the cold start means that the fuel cell system 100 is started in a low temperature state in winter or the like.
- step S131 the control unit 13 determines whether or not the engine is in the cold start state by determining whether or not the temperature of the fuel cell stack 1 is equal to or lower than a predetermined cold machine determination temperature.
- control unit 13 determines that it is in the cold start state (S131: Yes), and it is necessary to facilitate ignition in the combustor 10. Determination is made and the process proceeds to step S132.
- step S132 the control unit 13 controls the separator 3 so as to separate a certain amount of water regardless of the water ratio.
- the separator 3 is driven with the maximum separation capacity.
- the control unit 13 determines that it is not in the cold machine start state (S131: No), and it is not necessary to make the combustor 10 easily ignited. Determination is made and the process proceeds to S133.
- step S133 the control unit 13 determines whether or not the fuel cell system 100 is in the stop control process.
- the stop control of the fuel cell system 100 is started from a state where the start button of the vehicle is pressed again or the battery in which the power generated in the fuel cell stack 1 is stored is fully charged. Then, the cooling of the fuel cell system 100 is completed, and the process ends when the control of various components of the fuel cell system 100 is completed.
- the system stop control that is a stop control process of the fuel cell system 100 is a control that is executed while the system is stopped, and that the system is stopped means a period from the start of the system stop control to the next system startup. .
- the stop control process of the fuel cell system 100 when the stop control process of the fuel cell system 100 is completed, it is preferable to store the hydrated fuel having a moisture ratio lower than usual in the startup fuel tank 17. By doing in this way, even if fuel is vaporized more than water in the hydrated fuel in the startup fuel tank 17 until the fuel cell system 100 is restarted, the water content is higher than the specified water content. It becomes difficult to lower. For this reason, when the fuel cell system 100 is restarted, water-containing fuel having a low water content is supplied from the startup fuel tank 17 via the startup pump 18, so that ignition in the combustor 10 is easy to be performed.
- control unit 13 determines that the fuel cell system 100 is stopped (S133: Yes)
- step S134 it is determined whether or not the remaining amount of the hydrated fuel in the startup fuel tank 17 obtained by the remaining amount sensor 17A exceeds a predetermined reference amount.
- the predetermined reference amount is assumed to be larger than the amount of water-containing fuel supplied to the combustor 10 while the startup process of the fuel cell system 100 is being performed.
- step 135 the separator 3 and the fuel pump 4 are stopped. By doing in this way, the fuel cell system 100 stops completely.
- the combustor 10 is mainly used when the fuel cell system 100 is started. Therefore, a valve or the like may be provided between the separator 3 and the starting fuel tank, and the valve may be closed except when the system is started. By doing so, it is possible to prevent water-containing fuel having a specified moisture ratio during the normal operation of the fuel cell system 100 from being stored in the startup fuel tank 17. . Therefore, the moisture ratio of the water-containing fuel stored in the startup fuel tank 17 can be further reduced.
- the fuel cell system 100 of the third embodiment when the fuel cell system 100 is activated, the water content is less than the specified water content by driving the separator 3 with a predetermined driving force (for example, maximum separation capacity). Such hydrous fuel is produced.
- a predetermined driving force for example, maximum separation capacity.
- the fuel cell system 100 when the fuel cell system 100 is started, the water-containing fuel having a low moisture ratio is supplied to the combustor 10. Therefore, even when the fuel cell system 100 is cold-started, the combustor 10 can be driven appropriately. Therefore, since the time until the fuel cell stack 1 is heated can be shortened, the time until the fuel cell stack 1 starts to generate power can be shortened.
- the separator 3 when the fuel cell system 100 is stopped, the separator 3 is driven with a predetermined driving force so that the water content is less than the specified water content. And the water-containing fuel is stored in the startup fuel tank 17. Such an operation is performed until a predetermined amount of water-containing fuel is stored in the startup fuel tank 17. In this way, when the fuel cell system 100 is completely stopped, the startup fuel tank 17 stores a predetermined amount of water-containing fuel whose moisture ratio is lower than the specified moisture ratio. Therefore, even if the fuel is vaporized in the startup fuel tank 17 until the fuel cell system 100 is restarted, the water content of the hydrated fuel in the startup fuel tank 17 does not greatly exceed the specified water content. Accordingly, when the fuel cell system 100 is restarted, the combustor 10 is appropriately driven by being supplied with water-containing fuel whose moisture ratio is approximately the specified moisture ratio, and the fuel cell stack 1 generates power. A decrease in ability can be suppressed.
- FIG. 14 is a configuration diagram of the fuel cell system 100 of the fourth embodiment.
- the fuel cell system 100 shown in FIG. 14 differs from the fuel cell system 100 of the first embodiment shown in FIG. 1 in that the separator 3 is provided adjacent to the evaporator 5. .
- FIG. 15 shows an example of a detailed configuration of the separator 3 and the evaporator 5.
- the evaporator 5 is configured as a flow path through which the hydrated fuel flows, and the hydrated fuel 51 is heated by the heat of the exhaust gas from the exhaust combustor 12 to evaporate.
- a separator 3 is provided at the downstream end of the flow path of the evaporator 5.
- the separator 3 includes a drain 39 that discharges the hydrous fuel 51 in the flow path of the evaporator 5 to the outside of the fuel cell system 100, and a valve 40 that can open and close the drain 39.
- the water-containing fuel 51 is more easily vaporized than the water. Therefore, in the evaporator 5, the fuel is vaporized more in the upstream than the water, so that the water content of the water-containing fuel in the downstream is increased. Therefore, by providing the drain 39 provided downstream of the evaporator 5, the water-containing fuel having a high moisture ratio can be discharged out of the fuel cell system 100.
- the vaporization rate of the water-containing fuel is appropriately controlled in the evaporator 5, so that an appropriate amount of fuel gas is supplied to the reformer 7. Then, the anode gas is sufficiently generated in the reformer 7, and a decrease in power generation capacity in the fuel cell stack 1 is suppressed.
- the control unit 13 operates the valve 40 in accordance with the moisture ratio of the hydrated fuel in the fuel tank 2 detected by the detection unit 2A.
- the valve opening amount of the valve 40 is increased. By doing so, the time during which the hydrated fuel stays in the upstream of the evaporator 5 becomes longer, so that more fuel can be vaporized, so that the amount of fuel gas generated can be increased.
- the valve opening amount of the valve 40 is reduced. By doing in this way, since the time for which a hydrous fuel stays in the upstream of the evaporator 5 becomes short, the amount of fuel gas generated by vaporization can be reduced, so that the amount of generated fuel gas is reduced. Can do. In this way, the amount of fuel gas generated in the evaporator 5 is controlled.
- the separator 3 is provided adjacent to the evaporator 5.
- the moisture ratio is more downstream in the fuel supply system.
- the supply amount of the anode gas to the fuel cell stack 1 can be adjusted more appropriately.
- the configuration of the water separation membrane 34 and the decompression pump 38 is not required as in the first embodiment, the configuration can be simplified.
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Abstract
Description
図1は、第1実施形態における固体酸化物型燃料電池(SOFC:Solid Oxide Fuel Cell)システムの主要構成を示すブロック図である。このシステムによって、電動車両の駆動などに用いられる電力が発電される。
第1実施形態においては、分離器3において分離された水は燃料電池システム100外に排出されたが、これに限らない。分離器3において分離された水が、再び燃料電池システム100内にて用いられてもよい。
第1実施形態においては、分離器3にて一部の水が分離された含水燃料は燃料ポンプ4を介して燃焼器10、触媒燃焼器11、及び、排気燃焼器12に供給されたが、これに限らない。第3実施形態においては、分離器3を経た含水燃料の一部がタンクに蓄えられる例について説明する。
第1実施形態においては、分離器3が燃料ポンプ4と蒸発器5との間に設けられたがこれに限らない。分離器3は、蒸発器5と隣接するように設けられてもよい。
Claims (16)
- アノードガスとカソードガスとの供給を受けて発電する固体酸化物型の燃料電池と、
水を含有する含水燃料を蓄える燃料タンクと、
前記燃料電池と前記燃料タンクとを接続する燃料供給路と、
前記燃料供給路上に設けられ、前記含水燃料を前記アノードガスに改質する改質器と、
前記燃料供給路上における前記改質器よりも上流側に設けられ、前記含水燃料に含まれる水を分離する分離器と、
前記改質器よりも上流側に設けられ、前記含水燃料に含まれる水分割合を検出又は推定する検出部と、
前記分離器を制御する制御部と、を有し、
前記制御部は、前記検出部により検出又は推定される水分割合に基づいて、前記分離器を制御する、
燃料電池システム。 - 請求項1に記載の燃料電池システムであって、
前記制御部は、前記水分割合が大きくなるほど前記含水燃料から分離される水の分離量が大きくなるように、前記分離器を制御する、
燃料電池システム。 - 請求項2に記載の燃料電池システムであって、
前記分離器は、操作量が大きくなるほど、前記含水燃料から多くの水を分離する、
燃料電池システム。 - 請求項3に記載の燃料電池システムであって、
前記分離器に供給される前記含水燃料の温度を取得する温度センサを有し、
前記制御部は、前記温度センサにより取得される前記含水燃料の温度が高くなるほど、前記分離器の操作量を小さく補正する、
燃料電池システム。 - 請求項3又は4に記載の燃料電池システムであって、
前記分離器に供給される前記含水燃料の流量を取得する流量センサを有し、
前記制御部は、前記流量センサにより取得される前記含水燃料の流量が多くなるほど、前記分離器の操作量を大きく補正する、
燃料電池システム。 - 請求項1から5のいずれか1項に記載の燃料電池システムであって、
前記分離器は、前記含水燃料から分離した水を前記燃料電池システムの外に排出する、
燃料電池システム。 - 請求項1から5のいずれか1項に記載の燃料電池システムであって、
前記分離器により前記含水燃料から分離される水を前記燃料タンクに戻す燃料回収路と、
前記燃料回収路上に設けられる回収ポンプと、をさらに有し、
前記制御部は、前記水分割合に基づいて、前記回収ポンプを制御する、
燃料電池システム。 - 請求項7に記載の燃料電池システムであって、
前記制御部は、前記水分割合が小さくなるほど、前記燃料タンクに戻される水の回収量が大きくなるように、前記回収ポンプを制御する、
燃料電池システム。 - 請求項1から8のいずれか1項に記載の燃料電池システムであって、
前記燃料電池システムの起動時に、前記燃料電池に供給されるカソードガスを加熱する起動燃焼器と、
前記分離器により水が分離された後の前記含水燃料を蓄える起動燃料タンクと、
前記起動燃料タンクと、前記起動燃焼器とを接続する起動燃料路と、をさらに有する、
燃料電池システム。 - 請求項8に記載の燃料電池システムであって、
前記制御部は、前記燃料電池システムの起動時に、前記含水燃料の水分割合が規定量を下回るように、前記分離器を制御する、
燃料電池システム。 - 請求項9又は10に記載の燃料電池システムであって、
前記起動燃料タンク内の前記含水燃料の残量を取得する残量センサを、さらに有し、
前記制御部は、前記燃料電池システムの停止時に、前記残量センサにより取得される前記起動燃料タンク内の前記含水燃料の残量が、前記燃料電池システムの起動時に前記起動燃焼器により消費される燃料量を下回る場合には、前記含水燃料の水分割合が規定量を下回るように、前記分離器を制御する、
燃料電池システム。 - 請求項1から11のいずれか1項に記載の燃料電池システムであって、
前記分離器は、
前記含水燃料が流れる燃料室と大気が存在する大気室とを隔てる分離膜を、有し、
前記制御部は、前記分離膜により隔てられた前記燃料室と前記大気室との圧力の差である膜間差圧を制御する、
燃料電池システム。 - 請求項12に記載の燃料電池システムであって、
前記分離器は、
前記大気室を減圧する減圧ポンプを、さらに有し、
前記制御部は、前記減圧ポンプを制御する、
燃料電池システム。 - 請求項1から11のいずれか1項に記載の燃料電池システムであって、
前記燃料供給路上における前記改質器よりも上流側に設けられ、前記含水燃料を蒸発させる蒸発器を、さらに有し、
前記分離器は、前記蒸発器に設けられる、
燃料電池システム。 - 水を含有する含水燃料から改質されるアノードガスと、カソードガスとの供給を受けて発電する固体酸化物型の燃料電池を備える燃料電池システムの制御方法であって、
前記含水燃料の水分割合を検出又は推定する検出ステップと、
前記検出ステップにおいて検出又は推定される水分割合に応じて、前記含水燃料から水を分離する分離ステップと、を有する、
燃料電池システムの制御方法。 - 請求項15に記載の燃料電池システムの制御方法であって、
前記分離ステップにおいて、前記水分割合が大きくなるほど、前記含水燃料から分離する水の分離量を大きくする、
燃料電池システムの制御方法。
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BR112018012256B1 (pt) | 2022-11-29 |
CN108432013A (zh) | 2018-08-21 |
JP6528858B2 (ja) | 2019-06-12 |
CA3008777C (en) | 2019-05-07 |
CN108432013B (zh) | 2020-02-28 |
BR112018012256A2 (ja) | 2018-12-04 |
EP3392943A1 (en) | 2018-10-24 |
EP3392943A4 (en) | 2018-12-12 |
US20190020047A1 (en) | 2019-01-17 |
JPWO2017104316A1 (ja) | 2018-11-08 |
CA3008777A1 (en) | 2017-06-22 |
US10566641B2 (en) | 2020-02-18 |
EP3392943B1 (en) | 2019-07-24 |
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