JPWO2014156011A1 - 非水電解質二次電池 - Google Patents
非水電解質二次電池 Download PDFInfo
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- 239000011255 nonaqueous electrolyte Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 52
- 239000007774 positive electrode material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 63
- 239000007773 negative electrode material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 57
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 54
- RSNHXDVSISOZOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium nickel Chemical compound [Li].[Ni] RSNHXDVSISOZOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 53
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 229910013716 LiNi Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 18
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 18
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 18
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000033228 biological regulation Effects 0.000 abstract description 9
- 229910013485 LiNixM1-xO2 Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 1
- 229910013495 LiNixM1−xO2 Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 19
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 11
- 239000006258 conductive agent Substances 0.000 description 9
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 8
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- 229910013872 LiPF Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 101150058243 Lipf gene Proteins 0.000 description 6
- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
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- OIFBSDVPJOWBCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl carbonate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)OCC OIFBSDVPJOWBCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910013870 LiPF 6 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Methylpyrrolidone Chemical compound CN1CCCC1=O SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetrahydrofuran Chemical compound C1CCOC1 WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- -1 carbonate ester Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 4
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- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N nickel Substances [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 3
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- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002612 dispersion medium Substances 0.000 description 2
- JBTWLSYIZRCDFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl methyl carbonate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)OC JBTWLSYIZRCDFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011737 fluorine Substances 0.000 description 2
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- ZZXUZKXVROWEIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-butylene carbonate Chemical compound CCC1COC(=O)O1 ZZXUZKXVROWEIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FSSPGSAQUIYDCN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-Propane sultone Chemical compound O=S1(=O)CCCO1 FSSPGSAQUIYDCN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VAYTZRYEBVHVLE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-dioxol-2-one Chemical compound O=C1OC=CO1 VAYTZRYEBVHVLE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GEWWCWZGHNIUBW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-(4-nitrophenyl)propan-2-one Chemical compound CC(=O)CC1=CC=C([N+]([O-])=O)C=C1 GEWWCWZGHNIUBW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HIXDQWDOVZUNNA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-5-hydroxy-7-methoxychromen-4-one Chemical compound C=1C(OC)=CC(O)=C(C(C=2)=O)C=1OC=2C1=CC=C(OC)C(OC)=C1 HIXDQWDOVZUNNA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorane Chemical compound F KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910010238 LiAlCl 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910015015 LiAsF 6 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910013063 LiBF 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910013684 LiClO 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910012851 LiCoO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910013866 LiNi0.35Co0.35Mn0.30O2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910012743 LiNi0.5Co0.3Mn0.2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910015611 LiNi0.82Co0.15Al0.03 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910012258 LiPO Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 241000156302 Porcine hemagglutinating encephalomyelitis virus Species 0.000 description 1
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 239000012298 atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 1
- KVBCYCWRDBDGBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N azane;dihydrofluoride Chemical class [NH4+].F.[F-] KVBCYCWRDBDGBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000001555 benzenes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000010290 biphenyl Nutrition 0.000 description 1
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- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000001923 cyclic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000004292 cyclic ethers Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000001351 cycling effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- HHNHBFLGXIUXCM-GFCCVEGCSA-N cyclohexylbenzene Chemical compound [CH]1CCCC[C@@H]1C1=CC=CC=C1 HHNHBFLGXIUXCM-GFCCVEGCSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 230000001747 exhibiting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010304 firing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910021469 graphitizable carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000040 hydrogen fluoride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000001841 imino group Chemical group [H]N=* 0.000 description 1
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000003475 lamination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000670 limiting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- FUJCRWPEOMXPAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium oxide Chemical compound [Li+].[Li+].[O-2] FUJCRWPEOMXPAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001947 lithium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- ACFSQHQYDZIPRL-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium;bis(1,1,2,2,2-pentafluoroethylsulfonyl)azanide Chemical compound [Li+].FC(F)(F)C(F)(F)S(=O)(=O)[N-]S(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)F ACFSQHQYDZIPRL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012046 mixed solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910021382 natural graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen group Chemical group [N] QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910021470 non-graphitizable carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002829 reductive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000000284 resting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- LIVNPJMFVYWSIS-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon monoxide Chemical compound [Si-]#[O+] LIVNPJMFVYWSIS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052814 silicon oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002409 silicon-based active material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000006104 solid solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
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- VOVUARRWDCVURC-UHFFFAOYSA-N thiirane Chemical compound C1CS1 VOVUARRWDCVURC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000314 transition metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000003852 triazoles Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/48—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides
- H01M4/52—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of nickel, cobalt or iron
- H01M4/525—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of nickel, cobalt or iron of mixed oxides or hydroxides containing iron, cobalt or nickel for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiNiO2, LiCoO2 or LiCoOxFy
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
- H01M10/0525—Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
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- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/362—Composites
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- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/362—Composites
- H01M4/364—Composites as mixtures
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/50—Current conducting connections for cells or batteries
- H01M50/572—Means for preventing undesired use or discharge
- H01M50/574—Devices or arrangements for the interruption of current
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
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- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M2004/026—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material characterised by the polarity
- H01M2004/028—Positive electrodes
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- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M2010/4292—Aspects relating to capacity ratio of electrodes/electrolyte or anode/cathode
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/48—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides
- H01M4/50—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of manganese
- H01M4/505—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of manganese of mixed oxides or hydroxides containing manganese for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiMn2O4 or LiMn2OxFy
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
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- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
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- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
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Abstract
Description
[正極の作製]
リチウム−ニッケル複合酸化物Aとして、LiNi0.80Co0.15Al0.05O2を、リチウム−ニッケル複合酸化物BとしてLiNi0.35Co0.35Mn0.30O2とし、これらリチウム−ニッケル複合酸化物A及びBの質量比が8:2の割合である正極活物質と、導電剤としての炭素粉末と、結着剤としてのポリフッ化ビニリデン(PVdF)とを、正極活物質と導電剤と結着剤との質量比が100:5:2.55の割合になるように加えた後に混練した後、分散媒としてのN−メチル−2−ピロリドンを添加して、正極スラリーを調製した。この正極スラリーを、正極集電体としてのアルミニウム箔(厚み15μm)の両面に塗布、乾燥し、アルミニウム箔上に正極活物質層を作製した後、圧延ローラにより圧延し、正極を作製した。また、得られた正極に正極リードを取り付けた。
負極活物質としてのLi4Ti5O12と、導電剤としての炭素粉末と、結着剤としてのポリフッ化ビニリデン(PVdF)とを、負極活物質と導電剤と結着剤との質量比が100:7:3の割合になるように加えた後に混練した後、分散媒としてのN−メチル−2−ピロリドンを添加して、負極スラリーを調製した。この負極スラリーを、負極集電体としてのアルミニウム箔(厚み15μm)の両面に塗布、乾燥し、アルミニウム箔上に負極活物質層を作製した後、圧延ローラにより圧延し、負極を作製した。また、得られた負極に負極リードを取り付けた。
正極活物質層の面積に対する負極活物質層の面積の比(負極活物質層の面積/正極活物質層の面積)は、1.27であった。
プロピレンカーボネート(PC)とジエチルカーボネート(DEC)、ジメチルカーボネート(DMC)とを、25:70:5の体積比で混合した混合溶媒に対し、六フッ化リン酸リチウム(LiPF6)を1.2モル/リットルの濃度になるように溶解させて、非水電解質(電解液)を調製し、LiPO2F2を添加剤として全電解液重量に対して0.9重量%で溶解させた。
上記のように作製した正極及び負極との間にセパレータを介在させて積層し、得られた積層物を捲回し、電極群を作製した。該電極群を外装体としてのアルミラミネートフィルムに収容し、前述の非水電解質をアルミラミネートフィルムに注液した後、アルミラミネートフィルムを密閉して、試験セル1を作製した。
試験セル1を20℃の恒温槽に収容し、以下のような定電流・定電圧方式で充電し、定電流方式で放電した。但し、充電の停止を負極規制とした。試験セル1を、負極電圧が1.4V以下、かつ、電池電圧が2.8Vになるまで1Cレート(1Cとは1時間で全電池容量を使い切ることができる電流値)の定電流で充電した。電池電圧が2.8Vに達した後は、電流値が0.05Cになるまで、試験セルを2.8Vの定電圧で充電した。次に、20分間休止した後、充電後の試験セルを、1Cレートの定電流で、電池電圧が1.5Vになるまで放電した。このような充放電を1000サイクル繰り返した。1サイクル目の放電容量に対するその後の各サイクルの放電容量の割合(百分率値で求めた値)を算出し、これを放電容量維持率とした。放電容量維持率が低い程、サイクル特性が低下したと言える。
LiNi0.80Co0.15Al0.05O2のみを正極活物質として用いたこと以外は、実施例と同様に試験セル2を作製した。また、試験セル2も試験セル1と同様の条件でサイクル特性を評価した。
Claims (3)
- 負極活物質層を有する負極と、正極活物質層を有する正極と、前記正極と前記負極との間に介在するセパレータと、及び非水電解質と、を備え、前記負極の電位降下によって充電を停止する負極規制の非水電解質二次電池であって、
前記負極活物質層のサイズは前記正極活物質層のサイズより大きく、
前記正極活物質層は、一般式LiNixM1−xO2(0.7≦x<1、Mは1種以上の金属)で表されるリチウム−ニッケル複合酸化物A及び一般式LiNixCoyM1−x−yO2(0<x≦0.5、0<y<1、MはCoを除く1種以上の金属)で表されるリチウム−ニッケル複合酸化物Bを含むことを特徴とする非水電解質二次電池。 - 前記負極活物質層は、チタン酸リチウムを含むことを特徴とする請求項1記載の非水電解質二次電池。
- 前記リチウム−ニッケル複合酸化物Aに対する前記リチウム−ニッケル複合酸化物Bの質量比は0.1以上から0.5未満の範囲であることを特徴とする請求項2記載の非水電解質二次電池。
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