JPWO2005121540A1 - 燃料改質器 - Google Patents
燃料改質器 Download PDFInfo
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- JPWO2005121540A1 JPWO2005121540A1 JP2006514427A JP2006514427A JPWO2005121540A1 JP WO2005121540 A1 JPWO2005121540 A1 JP WO2005121540A1 JP 2006514427 A JP2006514427 A JP 2006514427A JP 2006514427 A JP2006514427 A JP 2006514427A JP WO2005121540 A1 JPWO2005121540 A1 JP WO2005121540A1
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- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 123
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 119
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 48
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 48
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 21
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- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 53
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims description 49
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 34
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- 238000005480 shot peening Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitric oxide Chemical compound O=[N] MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 54
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 29
- 238000002407 reforming Methods 0.000 description 25
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 23
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 23
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 22
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 17
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 17
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- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 10
- 239000002828 fuel tank Substances 0.000 description 8
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 8
- OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium oxide Inorganic materials [Ti]=O OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 7
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
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- KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Palladium Chemical compound [Pd] KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910010413 TiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 230000033228 biological regulation Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000001678 irradiating effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 3
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
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- 241000264877 Hippospongia communis Species 0.000 description 2
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- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 206010007269 Carcinogenicity Diseases 0.000 description 1
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001200 Ferrotitanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 206010058467 Lung neoplasm malignant Diseases 0.000 description 1
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- -1 TiO 2 Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000003213 activating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 1
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 208000006673 asthma Diseases 0.000 description 1
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- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 230000007670 carcinogenicity Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 239000003973 paint Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000011056 performance test Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010970 precious metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 208000023504 respiratory system disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- VSZWPYCFIRKVQL-UHFFFAOYSA-N selanylidenegallium;selenium Chemical compound [Se].[Se]=[Ga].[Se]=[Ga] VSZWPYCFIRKVQL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002195 synergetic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- JBQYATWDVHIOAR-UHFFFAOYSA-N tellanylidenegermanium Chemical compound [Te]=[Ge] JBQYATWDVHIOAR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000003608 titanium Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanadium atom Chemical compound [V] LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000000007 visual effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010792 warming Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910000859 α-Fe Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
- F02M27/00—Apparatus for treating combustion-air, fuel, or fuel-air mixture, by catalysts, electric means, magnetism, rays, sound waves, or the like
- F02M27/06—Apparatus for treating combustion-air, fuel, or fuel-air mixture, by catalysts, electric means, magnetism, rays, sound waves, or the like by rays, e.g. infrared and ultraviolet
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J37/00—Processes, in general, for preparing catalysts; Processes, in general, for activation of catalysts
- B01J37/02—Impregnation, coating or precipitation
- B01J37/0215—Coating
- B01J37/0225—Coating of metal substrates
- B01J37/0226—Oxidation of the substrate, e.g. anodisation
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J8/00—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes
- B01J8/02—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with stationary particles, e.g. in fixed beds
- B01J8/0207—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with stationary particles, e.g. in fixed beds the fluid flow within the bed being predominantly horizontal
- B01J8/0221—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with stationary particles, e.g. in fixed beds the fluid flow within the bed being predominantly horizontal in a cylindrical shaped bed
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B3/00—Hydrogen; Gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen; Separation of hydrogen from mixtures containing it; Purification of hydrogen
- C01B3/02—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen
- C01B3/32—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air
- C01B3/34—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air by reaction of hydrocarbons with gasifying agents
- C01B3/38—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air by reaction of hydrocarbons with gasifying agents using catalysts
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- C01B3/00—Hydrogen; Gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen; Separation of hydrogen from mixtures containing it; Purification of hydrogen
- C01B3/02—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen
- C01B3/32—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air
- C01B3/34—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air by reaction of hydrocarbons with gasifying agents
- C01B3/38—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air by reaction of hydrocarbons with gasifying agents using catalysts
- C01B3/40—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air by reaction of hydrocarbons with gasifying agents using catalysts characterised by the catalyst
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- F02M27/00—Apparatus for treating combustion-air, fuel, or fuel-air mixture, by catalysts, electric means, magnetism, rays, sound waves, or the like
- F02M27/02—Apparatus for treating combustion-air, fuel, or fuel-air mixture, by catalysts, electric means, magnetism, rays, sound waves, or the like by catalysts
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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- F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN A CARRIER GAS OR AIR
- F23C13/00—Apparatus in which combustion takes place in the presence of catalytic material
- F23C13/08—Apparatus in which combustion takes place in the presence of catalytic material characterised by the catalytic material
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- B01J2208/00—Processes carried out in the presence of solid particles; Reactors therefor
- B01J2208/00008—Controlling the process
- B01J2208/00017—Controlling the temperature
- B01J2208/00433—Controlling the temperature using electromagnetic heating
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
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- C01B2203/00—Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas
- C01B2203/02—Processes for making hydrogen or synthesis gas
- C01B2203/0205—Processes for making hydrogen or synthesis gas containing a reforming step
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- C01B2203/00—Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas
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- C01B2203/00—Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas
- C01B2203/12—Feeding the process for making hydrogen or synthesis gas
- C01B2203/1205—Composition of the feed
- C01B2203/1211—Organic compounds or organic mixtures used in the process for making hydrogen or synthesis gas
- C01B2203/1235—Hydrocarbons
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- F23C2900/00—Special features of, or arrangements for combustion apparatus using fluid fuels or solid fuels suspended in air; Combustion processes therefor
- F23C2900/03002—Combustion apparatus adapted for incorporating a fuel reforming device
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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Abstract
Description
前記ケーシング20の前記処理室24内に充填された粒状の触媒物質10から成り、
前記触媒物質10の表面に、表面から内部に入るに従って徐々に酸素との結合が欠乏する構造を有し、かつ、紫外線よりも長波長の電磁波に応答する光触媒性を有する酸化金属の被膜12を形成したことを特徴とする(請求項1)。
式:空間率(%)=[(処理室内の容積−触媒物質の合計体積)/処理室内の容積]×100
で定義される空間率が50%以下、好ましくは45%以下となるように前記処理室24内に充填する(請求項2)。
前記燃焼装置がエンジンである場合には、前記処理室24内に充填された触媒物質10の表面積の合計が、該エンジンの排気量1,000cc当たりに対して5,000cm2以上、好ましくは10,000cm2以上となるように前記触媒物質10を前記処理室24内に充填する(請求項4)。
2 燃料タンク
3 燃料フィルタ
4 燃料噴射ポンプ
5 燃焼室
6 燃料供給系
10 触媒物質
11 粒状体
12 酸化金属被膜
13 開孔
20 ケーシング
21 流入口
22 流出口
23 ケーシング本体
24 処理室
25,26 蓋体
27,28 連結具
30 金網(多孔板)
本発明の燃料改質器1は、燃料タンクなどの燃料の供給源から燃焼装置に至る燃料供給系に配置され、燃料を通過可能なケーシング20の処理室24内に、金属、セラミック又はこれらの混合体から成る粒状物質の表面に、表面から内部に入るに従って徐々に酸素との結合が欠乏する構造を有し、かつ、紫外線よりも長波長の電磁波に応答する光触媒性を有する酸化金属の被膜を形成した触媒物質10を充填した構造を備えたものであり、このケーシング20の処理室24内に充填された触媒物質10間に燃料を通過させることにより、触媒物質10の表面に形成された酸化金属被膜に改質対象の燃料を接触させて、燃料の改質を可能としたものである。
本発明の燃料改質器1の主要な構成部品の一を成す前述のケーシング20は、粒状に形成された触媒物質10を内部に収容すると共に、改質対象である燃料を導入し、収容された触媒物質10間を通過させて該触媒物質10と燃料との接触を行わせるための空間を形成するもので、図1に示すように、触媒物質10を収容すると共に、導入された燃料が通過する処理室24がその内部に形成されている。
前述のケーシング20内に収容される触媒物質は、金属、セラミック又はこれらの混合体により形成された粒体の表面に、酸化により光触媒性を発揮する金属粉体を用いたショットピーニングを行うことにより形成された、酸化金属の被膜が形成されたものであり、定形、又は不定形の粒状体を成す。
式:空間率(%)=[(処理室内の容積−触媒物質の合計体積)/処理室内の容積]×100
で定義される空間率を50%以下、好ましくは45%以下として前記処理室24内に充填することが好ましい。これにより、燃料改質器1内を通過する燃料が触媒物質10の表面に形成された酸化金属被膜12と好適に接触して、燃料の改質を確実に行うことができた。
本発明の燃料改質器1を通過した燃料を使用することによる燃費の向上は、燃焼反応の反応直前に燃焼物質が活性化(電離化・イオン化)現象を起こし、この活性化が燃焼の前駆現象として起こり酸化反応(燃焼)へと移行するために生じるものと考えられる。
本発明の燃料改質器を通過させた燃料(A重油)を、この重油を燃料とする乾燥装置に供給した。
触媒物質の比重:3.62 より、容量1リットルの空間中における触媒物質の体積は、
2030/3.62 = 560.8cm3
従って、この触媒物質の空間率は、
[(1000−560.8)/1000]×100
= 43.92(%)
また、触媒物質1粒当たりの重量:0.047g(表1)より、触媒物質の表面積の合計は、
(15000/0.047)×0.2826=90191.5(cm2)
73分間における燃料使用量22.76リットル(表3)より、燃料の1分間当たりの流量は、
22.76/73=0.312(L/min)
よって、流量0.1L/min当たりの触媒物質の表面積の合計は、
90191.5/3.12=28907.5(cm2)である。
[(30.31−22.76)/30.31]×100(%)
=24.9(%)
であり、本発明の燃料改質器を装着した場合には、未装着の場合と比較して燃料消費率が24.9%も向上している。
本発明の燃料改質器を小型トラックの燃料供給系に装着し、該燃料改質装置を通過した燃料をエンジンに供給して走行テスト(ルートセールスに使用)を行った。この際の燃料消費量と燃費の向上率とを測定した結果を表4に示す。
触媒物質1粒当たりの重量:0.047g(表1)より、触媒物質の表面積の合計は、
(10000/0.047)×0.2826=60127.7(cm2)
燃焼装置であるエンジンの排気量3,000ccより、1,000cc当りの触媒物質の表面積の合計は、
60127.7/3=20042.6(cm2)である。
本発明の燃料改質器を小型トラックの燃料供給系(装着位置については試験例2と同じ)に装着し、該燃料改質器を通過した燃料をエンジンに供給して走行テスト(ルートセールスに使用)を行った。この際の燃料消費量と燃費の向上率とを測定した結果を表5に示す。
触媒物質1粒当たりの重量:0.047g(表1)より、触媒物質の表面積の合計は、
(6000/0.047)×0.2826=36076.6(cm2)
燃焼装置であるエンジンの排気量2,000ccより、1,000cc当りの触媒物質の表面積の合計は、
36076.6/2=18038.3(cm2)である。
{[2355−(1664/4.54)]/2355}×100
=84.44(%)
チタンラス1枚当たりの表面積:46cm2より、
ケーシング内に充填されたチタンラス800枚の総表面積は、
46×800=36800cm2
燃焼装置であるエンジンの排気量2,000ccより、1,000cc当りのチタンラスの表面積の合計は、
36800/2=18400(cm2)である。
触媒物質の充填量の異なる燃料改質器を小型トラックの燃料供給系(装着位置については試験例2と同じ)に装着し、該燃料改質器を通過した燃料をエンジンに供給して走行テスト(ルートセールスに使用)を行った。この際の各燃料改質器における空間率、排気量1000cc当たりの触媒物質の表面積、燃料消費量と燃費の向上率とを測定した結果を表6に示す。
充填した触媒物質の粒径がそれぞれ異なる複数の燃料改質器を小型トラックの燃料供給系(装着位置については試験例2と同じ)に装着し、該燃料改質器を通過した燃料をエンジンに供給して走行テスト(ルートセールスに使用)を行った。
Claims (9)
- 燃料の供給源から燃焼装置に至る燃料供給系に配置され、前記燃料の供給源に連通された流入口と、前記燃焼装置に連通する流出口と、前記流入口及び流出口に連通された処理室を備えたケーシングと、
前記ケーシングの前記処理室内に充填された粒状の触媒物質から成り、
前記触媒物質の表面に、表面から内部に入るに従って徐々に酸素との結合が欠乏する構造を有し、かつ、紫外線よりも長波長の電磁波に応答する光触媒性を有する酸化金属の被膜を形成したことを特徴とする燃料改質器。 - 前記触媒物質が、次式で定義される空間率が50%以下となるように前記処理室内に充填されていることを特徴とする請求項1記載の燃料改質器。
空間率(%)=[(処理室内の容積−触媒物質の合計体積)/処理室内の容積]×100 - 前記処理室内に充填された触媒物質の表面積の合計が、前記処理室を通過する燃料の流量0.1L/min当たりに対して5,000cm2以上となるように前記触媒物質を前記処理室内に充填したことを特徴とする請求項1又は2記載の燃料改質器。
- 前記燃焼装置がエンジンであり、前記処理室内に充填された触媒物質の表面積の合計が、該エンジンの排気量1,000cc当たりに対して5,000cm2以上となるように前記触媒物質を前記処理室内に充填したことを特徴とする請求項1又は2記載の燃料改質器。
- 前記触媒物質の粒径が20mm以下であることを特徴とする請求項1〜4いずれか1項記載の燃料改質器。
- 前記触媒物質が中空構造であることを特徴とする請求項1〜5いずれか1項記載の燃料改質器。
- 前記触媒物質が、該触媒物質を貫通する開孔を有することを特徴とする請求項1〜6いずれか1項記載の燃料改質器。
- 前記ケーシングが、筒状に形成された本体部と、該本体部の両端開口をそれぞれ被蓋する蓋体とを備え、前記本体部の両端開口のうちの少なくとも一方に、前記蓋体を着脱可能に取り付けたことを特徴とする請求項1〜7いずれか1項記載の燃料改質器。
- 前記処理室の少なくとも端部が網状体により画成されていることを特徴とする請求項1〜8いずれか1項記載の燃料改質器。
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CN101392702B (zh) * | 2007-09-18 | 2011-06-08 | 株式会社Fenic | 通过式燃料改质装置 |
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