JPS63164853A - Feed additive for cultured fish - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To obtain the titled additive, containing a blend of three kinds of microorganisms consisting of a proteolytic enzyme, fat hydrolyzing enzyme, saccharifying microorganism, lactic acid bacteria and butyric acid bacteria as an active ingredient and capable of accelerating digestion and absorption of proteins and lipids in a feed, improving productivity in culture of fishes and providing a feed having excellent feed efficiency as well as body weight increasing rate. CONSTITUTION:The titled additive obtained by blending 1pt. lactic acid bacteria, e.g. Streptococcus faecalis, etc., with 1-8pts. saccharifying microorganism, e.g. Bacillius subtilis, etc., butyric acid bacteria, e.g. Clostridium butyricum, etc., to provide (C) a blend of the three kind of microorganisms capable of exhibiting excellent symbiotic phenomenon in living bodies and blending (A) a proteolytic enzyme, e.g. protease, etc., (B) a fat hydrolyzing enzyme produced by a microorganism of the genus, e.g. Rhizopus or Candida, the component (C) and, if necessary, (D) a nutritent enriching component, e.g. yeast, gluten meal, rice bran oil cake, corn starch, etc. The resultant additive in an amount of 0.1-5.0% based on a feed is added thereto for use.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to a feed additive for cultured fish, and in particular, its purpose is to improve the productivity of fish culture by promoting the digestion and absorption of proteins and lipids in feed. .

In fish farming, technology is required to raise a large number of fish in the most efficient manner in a limited water area. In recent years, the production of farmed fish has increased rapidly, and as a result, feed consumption has also increased, research into compound feeds has progressed, and effective methods of using feeds are being considered.

Protein is an essential nutrient for the growth and maintenance of animal life, and is involved in the composition of various tissues in the animal body, as well as playing important roles as enzymes and hormones. Fish generally have a high nutritional requirement for protein, which is 2 to 4 times that of livestock, but on the other hand, they have a poor ability to digest and metabolize carbohydrates, so they are highly dependent on protein as an energy source. For this reason, formulated feeds for farmed fish often contain approximately 40-45% protein, which is approximately 2.0-2.5 times higher than in formulated feeds for livestock. There is.

The protein raw materials for fish feed mainly depend on animal raw materials, but there are certain limits to animal protein raw materials in terms of the amount of resources. Although new protein sources are being searched for, the challenge is how to utilize the currently available protein resources blindly.

Fishmeal, which is mainly used as an animal protein raw material for compounded feed, has almost no difference in analytical nutritional value when compared to raw feed, but it has been pointed out that it is inferior in terms of the growth rate of farmed fish. This is due to the low digestibility, that is, the rate at which feed is digested and absorbed by fish, but improving digestibility will lead to effective use of protein resources.

In addition, in order for proteins to be used for their original purpose of promoting growth, it is also necessary to properly absorb and metabolize lipids so that they can be used efficiently as an energy source.

There have been 19 attempts to add digestive enzymes to aquaculture feed for the purpose of improving the digestibility of proteins and lipids.
It has been practiced since the 1960s, and although it has been recognized to be effective to some extent, it is difficult to say that it has been put into practical use.

The present inventor attempted to further develop the technology of adding proteolytic enzymes and lipolytic enzymes to feed, and focused on improving the absorption ability of nutrients in the intestinal tract of fish.After research and development, the present inventor added the present invention. The drug has been completed.

That is, the present invention is a feed additive for farmed fish containing as an active ingredient a mixture of three types of bacteria consisting of proteolytic enzymes, lipolytic enzymes, saccharifying bacteria, lactic acid bacteria, and butyric acid bacteria.

A mixture of three types of bacteria, consisting of saccharifying bacteria, lactic acid bacteria, and butyric acid bacteria, exhibits a symbiotic phenomenon in the intestinal tract of the animal body, and is expected to exert functions similar to a certain type of organ. Through its intestinal action, it increases the ability of fish to absorb nutrients in the intestinal tract.

Active living fungi play an important role in various fields of applied microbial industry, and when two or more types of active living fungi are used (orally administered) in a mixed (coexistence) state, they can be used in vivo. The effect of microbial symbiosis, that is, coexisting microorganisms exerting beneficial effects on each other, is sometimes expected, but the inventors of the present invention focused early on on the application of active living bacterial mixtures that exhibit symbiotic phenomena, and as a result of their studies. ,
We created a mixture of three types of bacteria consisting of saccharifying bacteria, lactic acid bacteria, and butyric acid bacteria, and successfully applied it to a feed additive.

The increasing tendency of growth of cypress based on the symbiosis phenomenon among the components of the three-species bacterial mixture is as follows. First, regarding the symbiosis between saccharifying bacteria and lactic acid bacteria, when comparing the case of culturing lactic acid bacteria alone and the case of culturing lactic acid bacteria in a medium supplemented with saccharifying bacteria medium #r, the number of lactic acid bacteria in the former case was In comparison, in the latter case, an increasing tendency of about 50 to 100 times is observed. During saccharification, protease and amylase produced during development decompose proteins and carbohydrates in the surroundings (medium or in vivo), respectively, and supply amino acids (glutamic acid, aspartic acid, etc.) and glucose necessary for lactic acid bacteria growth. This is thought to be due to the promotion of growth and proliferation. Furthermore, regarding the symbiosis between lactic acid bacteria and butyric acid bacteria, when we compare the cases where each bacteria is cultured alone and the cases where both cultures are mixed, the number of butyric acid bacteria is about 10 times higher in the mixed culture. A tendency for the number of lactic acid bacteria to increase several times more in the mixed culture was also observed. This is thought to be due to the fact that the mixed culture produces growth-promoting factors that are advantageous to each other.

Bacteria that can be applied to the present invention include Streptococcus faecalis, such as lactic acid bacteria.
aecalis), Streptococcus lactis (S
Streptococcus 1actis), Streptococcus faecium (Streptococcus faecium)
faeciuIll), as well as Lactobacillus (Lac
Among the saccharification agents, there are six members of the genus Bacillus tobillus.
esentericus), Bacillus subtilis (Ba
ci-11us 5ubtilis), Bacillus nut (Order Baa, 1usnatto), and butyric acid bacteria include Clostridium butyricum (C1ostr.
(formerly un butyricuIm), Clostridium acetobutyricum (Clostridiumacet)
obatiricui).

Regarding the mixing ratio of the three species mixture, saccharifying bacteria and butyric acid bacteria can be mixed at a ratio of about 1 to 8 parts each to 1 part of lactic acid bacteria. According to experimental data, a mixing ratio of 1 part of lactic acid bacteria to 4.5 to 5.0 parts of saccharifying bacteria and 5.0 to 5.5 parts of butyric acid bacteria is effective in increasing the number of bacteria.

Furthermore, if saccharifying and butyric acid bacteria are used after forming spores, their heat resistance, dryness resistance, and chemical resistance will be enhanced.

Proteolytic enzymes are classified into bacterial proteases, actinomycete proteases, filamentous fungal proteases, etc., depending on the type of bacteria producing them.
Filamentous fungal proteases, especially Aspergillus (Aspergillus)
gillus) @ya Rhizopus (Rh izopus)
Proteases produced by bacteria of the genus are frequently used.

Furthermore, they are classified into acidic proteases, neutral proteases, and alkaline proteases depending on their optimum pH.

In addition to the genus Rhizopus, lipolytic enzymes are also produced by Candida (Candida).
Those produced from bacteria of the genus dlda) are often used.

In addition to the above-mentioned active ingredients, it is effective to add nutrition-enhancing ingredients such as yeast, gluten meal, wheat flour, rice bran oil cake, corn starch, soybean meal, and glucose, and this is done as necessary.

The feed additive of the present invention is suitable for yellowtail, sea bream, salmon, eel,
It can be used in live bait for valleys such as rainbow trout, carp, and sweetfish, moist pellets, and mixed feed, and is added at a rate of about 0.1 to 5.0% to the feed. This addition ratio is determined depending on conditions such as the fish species, fish boat, type of feed, and environment of the growing water area (water temperature and number of fish cultivated).

Proteolytic enzymes and lipolytic enzymes and saccharification enzymes, lactic acid bacteria,
When fish are cultured using feed supplemented with a feed additive containing a mixture of three types of bacteria consisting of butyric acid bacteria as an active ingredient, the intestinal regulation effect based on the improvement and maintenance of the intestinal flora due to the symbiotic phenomenon of the three types of bacteria mixture, and other effects. Feed (
Sakae Wl) is recognized to have a digestive and absorption promoting effect.

As a result, in the field of aquaculture fishing grounds, the body length has increased, the ratio of the internal part of the nuchal area has increased, and 1-ba bait (bait bite) has been found.
The mucus secretion on the body surface has increased, the body color has improved, the meat has an appropriate amount of fat and taste has improved, the disease rate and the number of deaths have decreased, and the smell of feces has decreased. Because it has solidified into small particles, it is easy to remove and has the effect of reducing the amount of dirt in the fish farm.

Next, a detailed explanation will be given of formulation examples and actual use tests of the feed additive for cultured fish of the present invention. However, the present invention is not limited to these examples and usage examples.

Composition of example additive (in 1 kg) Streptococcus faecalis bulk powder (Note 1) 20 g
Clostridium butylicum spore material powder (Note 2) 20g
Bacillus subtilis spores concentrated 3) 20g
Proteolytic enzyme (Note 4) 100,000 units Lipolytic enzyme (Note 5) 400,000 units Brewer's yeast Appropriate amount (Note 1)
5treptococcus faecalis
T-110 Microtechnical Laboratory No. 8936 (Note 2) Clostridium butyri
cum To -A Microtechnical Laboratory No. 8935 (Note 3) Bacillus mesenLerl
Cus To -A Microtechnical Laboratory No. 8934 (Note 4) Manufactured by Toa Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. (Note 5) Manufactured by Amano Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. Each composition raw material was weighed and mixed uniformly to produce additives. . In addition, each of the three types of bulk powder contains about 6% of bacterial cell components.

Example of use (field application test) [Purpose] In order to confirm the growth promoting effect of the additive of the present invention, a field application test using rainbow trout was conducted.

〔Test method〕

The outdoor test pond (made of concrete) was divided into 3 rows by boards along the water flow, and each row was 1 x 1 x O, 8 m (depth).
Two net cages (mesh size: 5 mm) each, including repeated plots,
They were fixed at intervals of about 0.5+a. Spring water in this pond (14,
5-15°) at a rate of 300/min, and the water depth was adjusted to approximately 0.6 m.

Rainbow trout from the same litter approximately 7 months after cape formation were randomly divided into 6 groups (
The animals were divided into groups (30 fish per group), fed with feed in the same form as the feed used in the field application test, and preliminarily reared for 2 weeks, after which the application test (8 weeks from July to September) was conducted.

The test feed was determined according to the feeding rate table of Leitritz et al.
As a general rule, when the average weight is 23 to 40g, 2.3 of the body weight
%, when the amount was 40 to 60 g, the daily dose was 1.9%. Feeding was carried out twice at 10:00 and 15:00, and the weekly feeding amount was 6 days (Sunday body part). As the basic feed for the test feed, we used a standard-compliant compound feed for raising rainbow trout (Oriental stamp type No. 3), a control feed with no additives, and test feeds with 0.5% and 2% added. Three types were prepared and tested.

At the start and end of the test, measure the weight and body length of all the tails,
The degree of obesity was determined. In addition, the total body weight of each group was measured every two weeks, and the feed efficiency and weight gain rate were measured.

As comparison and control groups, the test group (additive)-free feed administration group was group A, the test sample (0.5% additive feed administration group) was group 0, and the 2% additive feed administration group was group C, and replicate groups were established for each group. So E1. They were named E2, Row 110-2, Bar 11 Bar 2. The group belonging to category 1 was located upstream of the pond, and the group belonging to category 2 was located downstream.

[Results]

Regarding feed efficiency (Note 1), the average of the control group (A group) was 59.4% (E1: 64.4%, E2: 5
4.4%), 67.4% in the 0.5% addition group (group 0) (Rho 1: 67.5%, Rho 2: 67.3%), 2
% addition group (G group) was 67.1% (Bar 1: 74.6
, bar 2: 59.5%), and when compared on average, it is 0.
Group A was 8.0% higher than Group A, and Group B was 7.7% higher than Group A.
There was almost no difference between the 0 group and the he group (0.3% difference).
. In addition, when comparing the upstream groups, group A is 1 more important than group A.
000% (7.1% higher than Group 0), and among the downstream groups, Group 0 was 12.9% higher than Group A (7.8% higher than Group Ha).

Upstream and downstream, there was a 10-13% difference in feed efficiency between the control group and the additive-added group, suggesting that the additive was involved in improving feed efficiency.

On the other hand, the average weight gain rate was 72.7% for group A (79.9% for group A, 65.4% for group E2), and 8 for group 0.
4.7% (low l; 84.9%, low 2:
84.5%), group Ha 84.2% (bar l: 94
．． 5%, Bar 2: 73.8%). On average, the weight gain rate of the additive group was about 12% higher than that of the control group, showing a similar trend to feed efficiency.

From the above results, it was confirmed that the feed additive for farmed fish according to the present invention is involved in the digestion and absorption of feed in rainbow trout farming, and exhibits the effect of improving feed efficiency and weight gain rate.

(Note 1) Feed efficiency = (total weight at the end of the feed - total weight at the start of the test to total weight of dead animals) x 100/total feed dose (Note 2) Weight gain rate = (total weight at the end of the test −Total body weight at the start of the study +
Total body weight of dead animals) x 100/total body weight at the start of the test (margins below) Test results (summary table)

Claims (1)

[Claims] Proteolytic enzymes, lipolytic enzymes, saccharifying bacteria, lactic acid bacteria,
A feed additive for farmed fish characterized by containing a mixture of three types of butyric acid bacteria as an active ingredient.