JPS63137623A - Culture of fruit tree - Google Patents

Abstract

(57) [Summary] This bulletin contains application data before electronic filing, so abstract data is not recorded.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION [Industrial Field of Application] The present invention relates to a fruit tree cultivation method for harvesting a large quantity of high-quality fruit.

[Conventional technology]

For the purpose of harvesting large quantities of high-quality fruit from fruit trees such as pears, the minimum requirements are to thoroughly control pests and diseases, keep orchards clean, and optimize fertilization management. Therefore, in order to achieve the above objective more actively, it is important to use fertilizers effectively and to prevent overgrowth and grow a full-bodied tree. In other words, it is necessary to cultivate new shoots so that they are thick and short, and that there are many leaves when they ripen, and this is determined by how many vigorous fine roots there are. There are two main ways to create these roots. ■ A method of improving the soil by plowing deeply between the trees at a certain distance from the tree without cutting the roots as much as possible, and applying organic matter, soil conditioners, etc., radially from the tree, shallow in the vicinity, shallow in the vicinity, and deep in the distance from the tree. Method 2: Dig a deep hole and fill it with organic matter, and Method 2.

[Problem that the invention seeks to solve]

In the case of ■ In the case of ■, this is a method that has been around for decades.

However, in Tottori Prefecture, both the production volume and quality of per-cut products have been on the decline for the past few years. The reason for this is not only the aging of the trees and the aging of people, but also the decline in the vitality of the roots. In the case of (2), it requires a lot of physical effort to procure organic matter to ensure vigorous rootlets, and it is also difficult in terms of resources, so there is little organic matter available. The bigger problem is the 40cm depth.
~50c+a If the soil is plowed deeply, the roots will be cut more or less randomly, so in addition to the lack of organic matter, the roots below the deeply plowed area will gradually grow, extending fine roots to areas with favorable conditions. However, below the deep plowing area, the amount of air is small and ventilation is poor. In addition, during heavy rainfall, the burdock roots suffer from moisture damage and gradually become large roots with fewer fine roots.

The roots in the deeply cultivated area are cut off and the burdock root takes the strength, so there are fewer fine roots with vitality. What's even more serious is that the current situation is such that even the roots cannot be found. In the case of ■, if you cultivate deeply near the trees and add organic amendments, the roots will be cut repeatedly, which will make the roots even finer and the damage caused by the broken roots will be reduced.
(The thinner the roots, the faster the regenerated roots will appear), and like the former, the roots will always enter below the deeply cultivated area, so these roots will turn into large burdock roots without being cut. During this time, the roots in the deeply plowed areas weaken due to the roots that are below them gaining strength and causing damage, and due to the cutting of the roots, and in some cases, the roots are left in a state where there are no roots.

The roots beneath this will eventually weaken due to poor growth conditions. It has been a low acid IEil for several years prior to that point. Therefore, as the tree grows older, the tap root and burdock root become damaged and the constitution of the tree weakens, resulting in a poor orchard with poor quality and yield. Attempts to maintain this vigor with fertilizer have resulted in frequent occurrence of black spot disease in Nijisseiki pears, as well as in yuzu pears and mizuna pears. This is not the case with trees that have many vigorous rootlets. The biggest problem with method (■) and method (■) lies in the morphology and management of the roots, and what the invention seeks to solve lies in the morphology and management of the roots. It lies in the means of changing the morphology of the roots.

[Means for solving problems]

In view of the above-mentioned circumstances, this invention was made with the aim of providing a cultivation method that reliably solves the problem in a safe manner. Cultivation is done by burying perforated sheet boards.

[For production]

According to the above means, the roots extending downward hit the perforated sheet plate, pass through the small holes of the perforated sheet plate, and further extend into the soil below. When these roots grow and become larger than the diameter of the small hole, they are squeezed out and die. Then, many new roots are born and grow from above this dead part, and some of these roots grow downward through the hole. When it becomes larger than the diameter of the small hole again, the roots are squeezed out and die. By repeating the process of withering and growth, water can be maintained even during dry periods, and the roots below can gain strength. Because they are not removed, the development of the horizontal plates increases, and the vitality of the fine roots in the soil-improved area increases, leading to a high yield of high-quality fruit. Furthermore, the large number of holes allows the capillary action of the soil to maintain moisture in the soil on the sheet and allow rainwater to infiltrate underneath.

〔Example〕

Embodiments of the method for cultivating fruit trees of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings.

Care must be taken when burying perforated sheet boards, as incorrectly burying them can weaken the tree. This is because, depending on the age of the tree, the roots are quite thick. However, it is a necessary technique to change the constitution of the roots and change the constitution of the tree. First of all, in preparation, make sure the tree is strong.
To avoid weakening the roots by cutting them too much, the roots will be buried in sections A over four years as shown in Figure 1. If the roots are cut, regeneration will occur faster if the roots are small. Also, the pruned root part 1 at the tip of the root branch point
If the roots are cut like this, the number of roots will be larger, so 10
Cut from about 0 points ahead. If the roots are unbranched, cut from where the small roots (beard roots) emerge. The approximate length of the entire root cutting varies depending on the age of the tree and where it branches, but the roots are cut at a length of 50 cm to 70 stems from the main trunk. If there are many large tap-rooted burdock roots, leave one horizontal board above the part where the perforated sheet is buried uncut, and insert a saw into the top of the roots to a depth of approximately the diameter of the hole. Promotes rooting. Then, after 5 years, when the area is dug, the roots will be cut from the place where the roots grew. When cutting the roots, cut diagonally so that the top is longer.
Cut the roots at an angle of about 5 degrees, and cut with pruning shears or a saw if the roots are large, so that more regenerated roots emerge from the upper surface of the roots (cutting the roots with care as described above is called front cutting).

As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the first embodiment of the invention is carried out using the above method. The root 4 of the circular hole 3 dug in the land 2 is covered with a front plate in the manner described above, and a large number of small holes 5 are made under the root 4 of the circular hole 3. As shown in Fig. 2, the first perforated sheet board 6 is laid so that the outside is deeper than the inside, and then the dug soil 7 or the outside of the circular hole 3 is broken down so that the hole 3 becomes larger. , the area inside the dotted line 8 is filled so that the roots 4 that were front plated at ±7 are hidden, and the remaining soil 7 and organic fertilizer etc. are mixed in and backfilled in the space outside the dotted line 8. Using the above method, the first stage will be completed in four years as shown in Figure 1. In the case of new roots, it is appropriate to spread them around 1 m in diameter all over the bottom of the seedling. The depth of circular hole 3 depends on the age of the tree, but the depth on the outside is 5.
0C11~60cm, 30~40cm for new roots
m, and the first perforated sheet plate 6 is 15 cm or more from the front plate part 1.
Lay it out so that 20cm extends outward. As shown at 48 in FIG. 3, when the front plate part 1 is cut diagonally, most of the regenerated roots occur from the upper side, but some emerge directly below. The roots that come out below are harmful and the roots 4b that come out laterally are weakened and disturb the tree, so the purpose is to suppress this and create fine roots with vitality.The first perforated sheet is placed on the outside of the front board part 1. It is necessary to allow the plate 6 to come out. The thickness of the first perforated sheet board 6 is such that it has enough strength to not be deformed even if the roots 4a of the fruit tree W grow through the small holes 5 of the first perforated sheet board 6, and does not corrode. However, in the case of synthetic resin, a suitable range is Q, 3 mm to Q, 4+u, and the diameter of the small hole 5 is approximately 5 mm. The appropriate density for forming these small holes 5 seems to be such that the distance between the small holes 5 is about 1 co+, and the roots 4 adhere to each other in narrow places.

Also, if too many small roots 4 go below, the force of the horizontal plate will be absorbed, and if the roots are wide, the capillary action of water will disappear.

When the fruit tree W (pear) is cultivated in this manner, the regenerated roots 4a grow over time and grow further downward through the small holes 5 of the first perforated sheet plate 6.

However, the root 4 cannot grow beyond the diameter of the small hole 5.
As A continues to grow, it is gradually narrowed down and finally the area below small hole 5 dies. Then, regenerated roots 4c are generated from above the withered part, that is, from near the upper part of the first perforated sheet plate 6. The generated roots 4c are large in number and grow again in other small holes 5.
The roots 4a and 4c do not become strong, and the fine roots 4d necessary for the fullness of the tree and the development of fruits automatically repeat. Since the roots 4b grow laterally, they can be improved by soil improvement, and healthy roots can be maintained without being bothered by tap roots that grow downwards from near the tree, resulting in healthy tree growth. This leads to high quality fruit and high yields.

Incidentally, the roots 4b and 4d of the fruit tree W (pear) extend not only horizontally but also obliquely downward, so some roots extend deeper than the soil improvement area outside the first perforated sheet plate 6, and the roots 4b and 4d of the fruit tree W (pear) extend not only horizontally but also diagonally downward. In many cases, the roots in the middle layer (soil improvement part), which form the roots, weaken over time, so in order to further increase the effect, the conditions shown in Figures 1 and 2 above are examined while checking the condition of the tree after 5 years.
The outside of the first perforated sheet Fj, 6 shown in the figure is located at the position shown in Figure 4 to a depth of 50cI, approximately 60cm out of approximately 11 to 60cm (the wider the better). Dig a hole as shown in Figure 9 and insert the roots 4b into the front plate part 1 in Figure 3.
The second perforated sheet board 10 is cut diagonally as shown in the figure, and is laid under the first perforated sheet board 6 with a slight overlap.

The size of the second large opening sheet board lO is medium 30cm to 40cm.
It may be of the order of m. After that, the hole 9 is backfilled by mixing the excavated soil 11 with organic fertilizer, etc. Next time, position B in Figure 4,
After that, the second and third burials will be carried out at location C in 4 to 6 years. In the meantime, by improving the soil between the trees outside of positions A and B using a trencher or the like, the roots 4 become more active and fine roots with vitality grow well over the entire surface.

In addition, when trying to maintain vigorous roots with only the front plate without burying the first and second perforated sheet plates 6.10, the first front plate went smoothly and fine roots were generated. .

For several years after that, good fruits can be harvested with just fertilizer application. Eventually, the tree becomes disturbed and bad fruits appear. This is because as the years pass, burdock roots become less fine roots. In order to improve this, I have 5 to 6 years of experience in improving the soil between trees using trenchers, etc. However, as mentioned above, it is necessary to improve the soil by ensuring the amount of organic matter, etc., and by changing the shape of roots 4 mentioned above. I couldn't do it. 2nd to maintain vigorous roots 4
If you do a slightly different front plate than the first, you can improve it somewhat. Also, 4 to 5 years later, when I dug a little outside of the hole for the third time, I found only weak roots, and the worst ones were the roots that had to work in the middle layer at a depth of 401 to 50 cm in the deeply cultivated part. In some cases, it has disappeared. Vigorous roots 4 are no longer visible. The vigor of the trees is also declining.

There is a huge difference between good trees and bad trees in a single orchard. The amount of harvest is also small and unstable. This is because there is a root that goes directly below from the front plate as shown in 4a in Figure 3, and this tap root obstructs the roots that are protruding to the side. If the returning tap root is cut, the horizontal board must also be cut for work purposes, and the combination of cutting the root 4 too much and weakening the tree's strength results in a decline in the tree's strength that is difficult to recover from.

〔Effect of the invention〕

As is clear from the above examples and explanations, if the fruit tree cultivation method of the present invention is explained by pruning pears in a trellis style,
The conventional method is to leave the elongated branches uncut and only prune the tips of the main branches and pruning, and it is difficult to maintain the vigor of the tree if the elongated branches and the seedlings do not come out. , If left as is, the resultant technique will be weakened and a high yield of fruit will not be possible. The same thing is necessary for root management, and unless the land conditions are correct and a large amount of organic matter is input, it is impossible to maintain vigorous roots and high yields of good quality products cannot be expected.

By burying the perforated sheet board, an appropriate amount of tap roots can be inserted to prevent the damage of early growth, and by eliminating large tap roots and burdock roots that take up strength, and in conjunction with soil improvement, the plant can be grown with vigor. This is because good working fine roots are formed, which leads to a tree with healthy power, what is called a fulfilling and strong result technique, a short and fulfilling growth technique, and a high yield of good fruits.

Not only in normal cultivation, but especially in greenhouse cultivation, it grows in a soft, elongated shape, and the rate of flower bud set is less stable than in conventional cultivation, but roots can be managed by burying perforated sheet boards and the roots become fine. As a result, there was a large difference in both yield and quality compared to the control plot, resulting in a higher yield of good quality products.

[Brief explanation of the drawing]

1 to 5 are detailed explanatory diagrams of the present invention, FIGS. 1 and 2 show a first embodiment, FIG. 1 is a plan view and an embedding process, and FIG. 3 is an explanatory view of the operation of the perforated sheet plate, FIG. 4 is a plan view illustrating the position of the second implementation, and FIG. 5 is a sectional perspective view of the second implementation. 4... Root, 5... Small hole, 6... First perforated sheet plate, 10... Second perforated sheet plate. Patent expert Hayashibara Kamiyoshi Attorney Patent attorney Mihiko Watanabe (Figure 1, Figure 2, Figure 3, Figure 5, Voluntary writing of procedure amendments) ■, Indication of the case, 1986 Patent Application No. 283961 2, Name of the invention Fruit tree cultivation method 3, relationship with the case of the person making the amendment Patent applicant address: 957 Toyonari, Nawa-cho, Saihaku-gun, Tottori Prefecture Name: Hayashibara Shini 4, Agent: 530 Phone: Osaka 06 (362') 4
111 Address: 6-7 Nozaki-cho, Kita-ku, Osaka-shi, Contents of amendment ■ "Shinne" on page 7, line 12 of the specification is amended to "new species." ■ "New root" on page 7, line 14 of the specification is corrected to "new species." ■ Correct "toji" on page 7, line 15 of the specification to "tosu". ■ In the third line of page 12 of the specification, "developmental nucleus" is corrected to "growth technique."that's all

Claims (1)

[Claims] (1) A fruit tree cultivation method characterized by cultivating a fruit tree by burying a perforated sheet board with a large number of small holes under the roots of the fruit tree.