JPS62207629A - 超音波接合方法 - Google Patents

超音波接合方法

Info

Publication number
JPS62207629A
JPS62207629A JP61049800A JP4980086A JPS62207629A JP S62207629 A JPS62207629 A JP S62207629A JP 61049800 A JP61049800 A JP 61049800A JP 4980086 A JP4980086 A JP 4980086A JP S62207629 A JPS62207629 A JP S62207629A
Authority
JP
Japan
Prior art keywords
hole
projection
metal fitting
plastic member
volume
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
JP61049800A
Other languages
English (en)
Other versions
JPH04820B2 (ja
Inventor
Takashi Deo
隆志 出尾
Masahide Kosugi
小杉　正秀
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Toyota Motor Corp
Original Assignee
Toyota Motor Corp
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Toyota Motor Corp filed Critical Toyota Motor Corp
Priority to JP61049800A priority Critical patent/JPS62207629A/ja
Publication of JPS62207629A publication Critical patent/JPS62207629A/ja
Publication of JPH04820B2 publication Critical patent/JPH04820B2/ja
Granted legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/08—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using ultrasonic vibrations
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/56—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using mechanical means or mechanical connections, e.g. form-fits
    • B29C65/60—Riveting or staking
    • B29C65/606—Riveting or staking the rivets being integral with one of the parts to be joined, i.e. staking
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/56—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using mechanical means or mechanical connections, e.g. form-fits
    • B29C65/60—Riveting or staking
    • B29C65/606—Riveting or staking the rivets being integral with one of the parts to be joined, i.e. staking
    • B29C65/608—Riveting or staking the rivets being integral with one of the parts to be joined, i.e. staking the integral rivets being pushed in blind holes
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/05—Particular design of joint configurations
    • B29C66/10—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint cross-sections
    • B29C66/11—Joint cross-sections comprising a single joint-segment, i.e. one of the parts to be joined comprising a single joint-segment in the joint cross-section
    • B29C66/112—Single lapped joints
    • B29C66/1122—Single lap to lap joints, i.e. overlap joints
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/05—Particular design of joint configurations
    • B29C66/10—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint cross-sections
    • B29C66/12—Joint cross-sections combining only two joint-segments; Tongue and groove joints; Tenon and mortise joints; Stepped joint cross-sections
    • B29C66/124—Tongue and groove joints
    • B29C66/1244—Tongue and groove joints characterised by the male part, i.e. the part comprising the tongue
    • B29C66/12441—Tongue and groove joints characterised by the male part, i.e. the part comprising the tongue being a single wall
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/05—Particular design of joint configurations
    • B29C66/304—Joining through openings in an intermediate part of the article
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/40—General aspects of joining substantially flat articles, e.g. plates, sheets or web-like materials; Making flat seams in tubular or hollow articles; Joining single elements to substantially flat surfaces
    • B29C66/41—Joining substantially flat articles ; Making flat seams in tubular or hollow articles
    • B29C66/43—Joining a relatively small portion of the surface of said articles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/40—General aspects of joining substantially flat articles, e.g. plates, sheets or web-like materials; Making flat seams in tubular or hollow articles; Joining single elements to substantially flat surfaces
    • B29C66/41—Joining substantially flat articles ; Making flat seams in tubular or hollow articles
    • B29C66/45—Joining of substantially the whole surface of the articles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/74—Joining plastics material to non-plastics material
    • B29C66/742—Joining plastics material to non-plastics material to metals or their alloys
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/80—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof
    • B29C66/83—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof characterised by the movement of the joining or pressing tools
    • B29C66/832—Reciprocating joining or pressing tools
    • B29C66/8322—Joining or pressing tools reciprocating along one axis
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/05—Particular design of joint configurations
    • B29C66/10—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint cross-sections
    • B29C66/13—Single flanged joints; Fin-type joints; Single hem joints; Edge joints; Interpenetrating fingered joints; Other specific particular designs of joint cross-sections not provided for in groups B29C66/11 - B29C66/12
    • B29C66/131—Single flanged joints, i.e. one of the parts to be joined being rigid and flanged in the joint area
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/40—General aspects of joining substantially flat articles, e.g. plates, sheets or web-like materials; Making flat seams in tubular or hollow articles; Joining single elements to substantially flat surfaces
    • B29C66/47—Joining single elements to sheets, plates or other substantially flat surfaces
    • B29C66/474—Joining single elements to sheets, plates or other substantially flat surfaces said single elements being substantially non-flat
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/73—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
    • B29C66/739—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
    • B29C66/7392—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of at least one of the parts being a thermoplastic
    • B29C66/73921—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of at least one of the parts being a thermoplastic characterised by the materials of both parts being thermoplastics
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
    • B29K2305/00—Use of metals, their alloys or their compounds, as reinforcement
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29L—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS B29C, RELATING TO PARTICULAR ARTICLES
    • B29L2031/00—Other particular articles
    • B29L2031/737—Articles provided with holes, e.g. grids, sieves

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Lining Or Joining Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)

Abstract

(57)【要約】本公報は電子出願前の出願データであるた
め要約のデータは記録されません。

Description

【発明の詳細な説明】 （産業上の利用分野） 本発明は熱可塑性プラスチック部材と金具とを一体に接
合する超音波接合方法に関するものである。
（従来の技術） 一般に熱可塑性プラスチックに超音波を与えることによ
って融解させ、他の部材と接合させて一体にすることは
良く知られているが、この種の方法としては、特開昭５
０−９８５５１号公報による熱可塑性プラスチックに金
融を埋込接合する方法がある。この方法は第６図および
第７図に示すように、金属片１を熱可凰性プラスチック
シート２で挾み、この熱可塑性プラスチックシート２１
１Ｃ超音波ホーン５ａによって超音波振動を与えること
によって、金属片１に穿設された小孔３内に融解したプ
ラスチック材が流れて互いに埋込接合できるものである
。
（発明が解決しようとする問題点） 上記による方法では、熱可塑性プラスチックシートが金
属片の小孔に融解して流れ込んだとき、その小孔に流れ
込んだ分だけシートの表面が窪むことによって接合後の
強度が不十分な可能性がある。
そこで、本発明は、上記問題点を解決するためになされ
たものであって、孔を有する金具と、熱可塑性プラスチ
ック部材とを一体に接合するためにプラスチック部材に
孔の内容積に相当する体積の突起を形成して、この突起
部分から下方へ融解することによって接合箇所が変形せ
ず、所望の強度に接合できる超音波接合方法を提供する
ことを目的とする。
（問題点を解決するための手段） 上記目的を達成するために本発明による超音波接合方法
の特徴は、熱可塑性プラスチック部材に板状の金具ｆ：
、堰付ける工程において、前記金具の前記プラスチック
部材に取付ける部分に孔を穿設すると共に前記プラスチ
ック部材側に絞孔の内容積に近似させた体積の突起を形
成し、該突起を前記孔の上部に位置決めし、しかる後に
前記突起に超音波ホーンを押し当てることである。
（作　　用） 上記の工程によって、熱可塑性プラスチック部材の突起
が融解して金具の貫通孔に流れ込み、金具と熱可塑性プ
ラスチック部材とは接合されると共にその接合箇所には
窪みのような変形がないので強度が確保できる。
（実　施　例） 以下に本発明の実施例を図面に基づいて説明する。まず
、第１図〜第６図は本発明の超音波接合方法の一実施例
を示している。射出成形だよってあらかじめ成形された
熱可塑性プラスチック部材４（以下、プラスチック部材
という）に取り付けられる金具５は略り字形状で、その
水平箇所には孔６が穿設されている。一方、プラスチッ
ク部材４には、金具５の孔６を有する水平箇所の板厚よ
りもわずかに幅の広い溝７が形成されている。さらに、
そのｎ７に嵌まり込んだ金具５の孔６の中心軸と同軸上
のプラスチック部材４には同材料でなる突起８が形成さ
れている。この突起８の突き出た体積は、上記した孔６
内の空間が有する体積にほぼ等しく形成されている。こ
のようにして、第１図のように金具５が嵌め込まれた後
、第２図に示すように、その孔６と同軸上の突起８に超
音波ホーン３ａが当てられると、突起８が下方に融解し
、第５図に示すように、突起８の体積分だけプラスチッ
ク部材４が孔乙に流れ込んで、孔６内の空間を介して互
いに対向するプラスチック部材４は溶着する。このこと
Ｋよって、金具５とプラスチ、ツク部材４とは接合する
。この時、突起８は平らになって窪みのような変形は発
生せず、金具５とプラスチック部材４との取・付強度は
十分確保できる。また、突起８が融解してゆくとき、そ
の面が最終的に平らになることで、孔６にプラスチック
部材４が流れ込んだことが確認できる。
第４図および第５図は、他の実施例を示したもので、金
具５には、段部１０を形成した孔６を有し、金具５を台
１１において、孔６と同軸上に、孔６内の体積とほぼ同
じ体積の突起８を形成したプラスチック部材４を載置し
て、超音波ホーン３ａによって突起８に当てると、突起
８から下方に融解がはじまり、プラスチック部材４が孔
６に流れ込む。このことによって、金具５とプラスチッ
ク部材４とは接合する。この実施例は板材の簡易な接合
に有効である。
（発明の効果］ 以上述べたことから、本発明の超音波接合方法によれば
、金具の貫通孔と、はぼ同体積の突起を熱可塑性プラス
チック部材に形成して、孔と突起とを同軸上に対応させ
、突起から下方へ孔に向けて融解させることによって、
金具と熱可塑性プラスチック部材とが接合されるので、
十分な取付強度を確保でき、突起は最終的に平らとなる
ので所望の製品が実現できる。このことから品質と共に
信頼性の向上が達成でき゛る。
【図面の簡単な説明】
第１図〜謳５図は、本発明の超音波接合方法による一実
施例の接合工程を示す略縦断面図、第４図およびＭ５図
は、本発明の他の実施例を示す接合工程の略縦断面図、 第６図および第７図は、従来の埋込接合方法を示す略縦
断面図である。 ４：熱可塑性プラスチック部材　５：金具６：孔　　　
　８：突起 第１ＶＸＪ 第２　図 第３　図 第４図 第５Ｕ：Ａ ４・−熱可！妊プラスチック部不λ ５・・金具 ６・孔 ８・突起 第６図 庫７図

Claims (1)

    【特許請求の範囲】
  1. （１）熱可塑性プラスチック部材に板状の金具を取付け
    る工程において、前記金具の前記プラスチック部材に取
    付ける部分に孔を穿設すると共に前記プラスチック部材
    側に該孔の内容積に近似させた体積の突起を形成し、該
    突起を前記孔の上部に位置決めし、しかる後に前記突起
    に超音波ホーンを押し当てることを特徴とする超音波接
    合方法。
JP61049800A 1986-03-07 1986-03-07 超音波接合方法 Granted JPS62207629A (ja)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP61049800A JPS62207629A (ja) 1986-03-07 1986-03-07 超音波接合方法

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP61049800A JPS62207629A (ja) 1986-03-07 1986-03-07 超音波接合方法

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
JPS62207629A true JPS62207629A (ja) 1987-09-12
JPH04820B2 JPH04820B2 (ja) 1992-01-08

Family

ID=12841220

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
JP61049800A Granted JPS62207629A (ja) 1986-03-07 1986-03-07 超音波接合方法

Country Status (1)

Country Link
JP (1) JPS62207629A (ja)

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0340094A2 (fr) * 1988-04-27 1989-11-02 Automobiles Peugeot Procédé d'assemblage par rivetage d'une première pièce en matière plastique et d'une seconde pièce.
EP1792707A2 (de) 2005-12-02 2007-06-06 Gkss-Forschungszentrum Geesthacht Gmbh Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Verbinden eines Kunststoff-Werkstücks mit einem weiteren Werkstück
WO2015145253A1 (en) * 2014-03-26 2015-10-01 Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha Joining method
DE102015225821A1 (de) * 2015-12-17 2017-06-22 Volkswagen Aktiengesellschaft Verfahren zum Verbinden von zwei Bauteilen

Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0340094A2 (fr) * 1988-04-27 1989-11-02 Automobiles Peugeot Procédé d'assemblage par rivetage d'une première pièce en matière plastique et d'une seconde pièce.
EP1792707A2 (de) 2005-12-02 2007-06-06 Gkss-Forschungszentrum Geesthacht Gmbh Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Verbinden eines Kunststoff-Werkstücks mit einem weiteren Werkstück
JP2007155133A (ja) * 2005-12-02 2007-06-21 Gkss Forschungszentrum Geesthacht Gmbh プラスチックワークピースを別のワークピースに連結する方法及び装置
EP1792707A3 (de) * 2005-12-02 2008-12-10 Gkss-Forschungszentrum Geesthacht Gmbh Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Verbinden eines Kunststoff-Werkstücks mit einem weiteren Werkstück
WO2015145253A1 (en) * 2014-03-26 2015-10-01 Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha Joining method
US10173370B2 (en) 2014-03-26 2019-01-08 Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha Joining method
DE102015225821A1 (de) * 2015-12-17 2017-06-22 Volkswagen Aktiengesellschaft Verfahren zum Verbinden von zwei Bauteilen

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