JPS6212510B2 - - Google Patents
Info
- Publication number
- JPS6212510B2 JPS6212510B2 JP53058083A JP5808378A JPS6212510B2 JP S6212510 B2 JPS6212510 B2 JP S6212510B2 JP 53058083 A JP53058083 A JP 53058083A JP 5808378 A JP5808378 A JP 5808378A JP S6212510 B2 JPS6212510 B2 JP S6212510B2
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- toner
- photoreceptor
- developing
- image
- developing roller
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
- 108091008695 photoreceptors Proteins 0.000 claims description 38
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 19
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 7
- 229920001971 elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 6
- 239000005060 rubber Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 3
- NXQMCAOPTPLPRL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-benzoyloxyethoxy)ethyl benzoate Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1C(=O)OCCOCCOC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 NXQMCAOPTPLPRL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NIQCNGHVCWTJSM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethyl phthalate Chemical compound COC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1C(=O)OC NIQCNGHVCWTJSM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Styrene Chemical compound C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc monoxide Chemical compound [Zn]=O XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 2
- DOIRQSBPFJWKBE-UHFFFAOYSA-N dibutyl phthalate Chemical compound CCCCOC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1C(=O)OCCCC DOIRQSBPFJWKBE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 2
- -1 fatty acid esters Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000005286 illumination Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- QMMJWQMCMRUYTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2,4,5-tetrachloro-3-(trifluoromethyl)benzene Chemical compound FC(F)(F)C1=C(Cl)C(Cl)=CC(Cl)=C1Cl QMMJWQMCMRUYTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WUPHOULIZUERAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-(oxolan-2-yl)propanoic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CCC1CCCO1 WUPHOULIZUERAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IICCLYANAQEHCI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4,5,6,7-tetrachloro-3',6'-dihydroxy-2',4',5',7'-tetraiodospiro[2-benzofuran-3,9'-xanthene]-1-one Chemical compound O1C(=O)C(C(=C(Cl)C(Cl)=C2Cl)Cl)=C2C21C1=CC(I)=C(O)C(I)=C1OC1=C(I)C(O)=C(I)C=C21 IICCLYANAQEHCI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004593 Epoxy Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000459 Nitrile rubber Polymers 0.000 description 1
- CBENFWSGALASAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ozone Chemical compound [O-][O+]=O CBENFWSGALASAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phenol Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC=C1 ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BUGBHKTXTAQXES-UHFFFAOYSA-N Selenium Chemical compound [Se] BUGBHKTXTAQXES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005299 abrasion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000987 azo dye Substances 0.000 description 1
- IRERQBUNZFJFGC-UHFFFAOYSA-L azure blue Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[Al+3].[Al+3].[Al+3].[Al+3].[Al+3].[Al+3].[S-]S[S-].[O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-].[O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-].[O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-].[O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-].[O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-].[O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] IRERQBUNZFJFGC-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910052980 cadmium sulfide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000006229 carbon black Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003086 colorant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 1
- XCJYREBRNVKWGJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper(II) phthalocyanine Chemical compound [Cu+2].C12=CC=CC=C2C(N=C2[N-]C(C3=CC=CC=C32)=N2)=NC1=NC([C]1C=CC=CC1=1)=NC=1N=C1[C]3C=CC=CC3=C2[N-]1 XCJYREBRNVKWGJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000002542 deteriorative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229960002380 dibutyl phthalate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000014113 dietary fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- FBSAITBEAPNWJG-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethyl phthalate Natural products CC(=O)OC1=CC=CC=C1OC(C)=O FBSAITBEAPNWJG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960001826 dimethylphthalate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012777 electrically insulating material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008030 elimination Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003379 elimination reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229930195729 fatty acid Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 239000000194 fatty acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 description 1
- MOUPNEIJQCETIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N lead chromate Chemical compound [Pb+2].[O-][Cr]([O-])(=O)=O MOUPNEIJQCETIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940057995 liquid paraffin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- WIBFFTLQMKKBLZ-SEYXRHQNSA-N n-butyl oleate Chemical compound CCCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCC(=O)OCCCC WIBFFTLQMKKBLZ-SEYXRHQNSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000004767 nitrides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004014 plasticizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001084 poly(chloroprene) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920003225 polyurethane elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229930187593 rose bengal Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 229940081623 rose bengal Drugs 0.000 description 1
- STRXNPAVPKGJQR-UHFFFAOYSA-N rose bengal A Natural products O1C(=O)C(C(=CC=C2Cl)Cl)=C2C21C1=CC(I)=C(O)C(I)=C1OC1=C(I)C(O)=C(I)C=C21 STRXNPAVPKGJQR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052711 selenium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011669 selenium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002379 silicone rubber Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004945 silicone rubber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010186 staining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000013799 ultramarine blue Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- JEVGKYBUANQAKG-UHFFFAOYSA-N victoria blue R Chemical compound [Cl-].C12=CC=CC=C2C(=[NH+]CC)C=CC1=C(C=1C=CC(=CC=1)N(C)C)C1=CC=C(N(C)C)C=C1 JEVGKYBUANQAKG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XOSXWYQMOYSSKB-LDKJGXKFSA-L water blue Chemical compound CC1=CC(/C(\C(C=C2)=CC=C2NC(C=C2)=CC=C2S([O-])(=O)=O)=C(\C=C2)/C=C/C\2=N\C(C=C2)=CC=C2S([O-])(=O)=O)=CC(S(O)(=O)=O)=C1N.[Na+].[Na+] XOSXWYQMOYSSKB-LDKJGXKFSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000001993 wax Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011787 zinc oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
- G03G15/00—Apparatus for electrographic processes using a charge pattern
- G03G15/06—Apparatus for electrographic processes using a charge pattern for developing
- G03G15/08—Apparatus for electrographic processes using a charge pattern for developing using a solid developer, e.g. powder developer
- G03G15/09—Apparatus for electrographic processes using a charge pattern for developing using a solid developer, e.g. powder developer using magnetic brush
- G03G15/0914—Apparatus for electrographic processes using a charge pattern for developing using a solid developer, e.g. powder developer using magnetic brush with a one-component toner
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
- G03G15/00—Apparatus for electrographic processes using a charge pattern
- G03G15/06—Apparatus for electrographic processes using a charge pattern for developing
- G03G15/08—Apparatus for electrographic processes using a charge pattern for developing using a solid developer, e.g. powder developer
- G03G15/0806—Apparatus for electrographic processes using a charge pattern for developing using a solid developer, e.g. powder developer on a donor element, e.g. belt, roller
- G03G15/0812—Apparatus for electrographic processes using a charge pattern for developing using a solid developer, e.g. powder developer on a donor element, e.g. belt, roller characterised by the developer regulating means, e.g. structure of doctor blade
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
- G03G15/00—Apparatus for electrographic processes using a charge pattern
- G03G15/06—Apparatus for electrographic processes using a charge pattern for developing
- G03G15/08—Apparatus for electrographic processes using a charge pattern for developing using a solid developer, e.g. powder developer
- G03G15/0806—Apparatus for electrographic processes using a charge pattern for developing using a solid developer, e.g. powder developer on a donor element, e.g. belt, roller
- G03G15/0813—Apparatus for electrographic processes using a charge pattern for developing using a solid developer, e.g. powder developer on a donor element, e.g. belt, roller characterised by means in the developing zone having an interaction with the image carrying member, e.g. distance holders
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
- G03G2215/00—Apparatus for electrophotographic processes
- G03G2215/06—Developing structures, details
- G03G2215/0602—Developer
- G03G2215/0604—Developer solid type
- G03G2215/0614—Developer solid type one-component
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
- G03G2215/00—Apparatus for electrophotographic processes
- G03G2215/06—Developing structures, details
- G03G2215/0634—Developing device
- G03G2215/0636—Specific type of dry developer device
- G03G2215/0641—Without separate supplying member (i.e. with developing housing sliding on donor member)
Landscapes
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Dry Development In Electrophotography (AREA)
- Magnetic Brush Developing In Electrophotography (AREA)
Priority Applications (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP5808378A JPS54149632A (en) | 1978-05-16 | 1978-05-16 | Development for zerography |
US06/037,324 US4286543A (en) | 1978-05-16 | 1979-05-08 | Apparatus for developing electrostatic image |
DE19792919804 DE2919804C2 (de) | 1978-05-16 | 1979-05-16 | Verfahren und Einrichtung zum Entwickeln eines latenten elektrostatischen Bildes |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP5808378A JPS54149632A (en) | 1978-05-16 | 1978-05-16 | Development for zerography |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
JPS54149632A JPS54149632A (en) | 1979-11-24 |
JPS6212510B2 true JPS6212510B2 ( ) | 1987-03-19 |
Family
ID=13074018
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
JP5808378A Granted JPS54149632A (en) | 1978-05-16 | 1978-05-16 | Development for zerography |
Country Status (2)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US4286543A ( ) |
JP (1) | JPS54149632A ( ) |
Families Citing this family (39)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4391512A (en) * | 1979-01-06 | 1983-07-05 | Canon Kabushiki Kaisha | Developing device using magnetic developer |
DE3107055A1 (de) * | 1980-03-04 | 1982-01-07 | Canon K.K., Tokyo | "entwicklungsvorrichtung" |
US4410259A (en) * | 1980-03-08 | 1983-10-18 | Mita Industrial Co., Ltd. | Apparatus for developing latent electrostatic image |
JPS5762075A (en) * | 1980-07-14 | 1982-04-14 | Olympus Optical Co Ltd | Automatic controller for extent of charging magnetic toner |
US4625676A (en) * | 1982-02-17 | 1986-12-02 | Ricoh Company, Ltd. | Developing device |
DE3205989A1 (de) * | 1982-02-19 | 1983-09-01 | Hoechst Ag, 6230 Frankfurt | Verfahren und vorrichtung zum entwickeln eines auf einem aufzeichnungstraeger erzeugten elektrostatischen latenten bildes |
US4566776A (en) * | 1982-03-31 | 1986-01-28 | Ricoh Company, Ltd. | Magnetic toner developing device |
DE3225006A1 (de) * | 1982-07-03 | 1984-01-05 | Develop Dr. Eisbein Gmbh & Co, 7016 Gerlingen | Entwicklungseinrichtung fuer ein kopiergeraet o.dgl. |
US4540645A (en) * | 1983-01-31 | 1985-09-10 | Mita Industrial Co Ltd | Magnetic brush development method |
US4679928A (en) * | 1985-06-13 | 1987-07-14 | Xerox Corporation | Development apparatus |
GB2194179B (en) * | 1986-04-24 | 1990-03-14 | Ricoh Kk | Rotary multicolor developing apparatus |
JP2510161B2 (ja) * | 1986-07-22 | 1996-06-26 | 株式会社リコー | 駆動伝達方法 |
JPH0762774B2 (ja) * | 1986-09-29 | 1995-07-05 | 株式会社東芝 | 記録装置 |
USRE37429E1 (en) * | 1987-05-30 | 2001-10-30 | Ricoh Company, Ltd. | Member for developing electrostatic latent images |
JP2760501B2 (ja) * | 1987-12-29 | 1998-06-04 | 株式会社 テック | 現像装置 |
JPH0341487A (ja) * | 1989-07-07 | 1991-02-21 | Fujitsu Ltd | 一成分現像装置 |
JPH02282769A (ja) * | 1989-04-25 | 1990-11-20 | Fujitsu Ltd | 一成分現像装置 |
AU619686B2 (en) * | 1989-06-21 | 1992-01-30 | Fuji Xerox Co., Ltd. | Developing device used in electrophotographic field |
JPH0363677A (ja) * | 1989-08-01 | 1991-03-19 | Fujitsu Ltd | 一成分トナー現像装置 |
JPH03179369A (ja) * | 1989-12-07 | 1991-08-05 | Fujitsu Ltd | 接触現像装置 |
JP2725076B2 (ja) * | 1990-04-18 | 1998-03-09 | 株式会社リコー | 現像装置 |
US5255057A (en) * | 1992-05-29 | 1993-10-19 | Eastman Kodak Company | Gray scale monocomponent nonmagnetic development system |
US5325161A (en) * | 1993-05-24 | 1994-06-28 | Eastman Kodak Company | Device for developing an electrostatic image on an image member |
EP0660200B1 (en) * | 1993-12-24 | 2000-06-14 | Canon Kabushiki Kaisha | Developing apparatus generating electric field between developer carrying member and developer layer regulating member |
JP3507571B2 (ja) * | 1995-03-06 | 2004-03-15 | シャープ株式会社 | 画像形成装置の現像装置 |
US5812918A (en) * | 1995-11-10 | 1998-09-22 | Mita Industrial Co., Ltd. | Electrostatic latent image developing device with developing agent-limiting means |
US5797076A (en) * | 1997-05-12 | 1998-08-18 | Lexmark International, Inc. | Abrasive shim compliant doctor blade |
US6118965A (en) * | 1997-10-20 | 2000-09-12 | Canon Kabushiki Kaisha | Image forming apparatus having a contact-type charger |
EP1146399B1 (en) * | 2000-04-10 | 2008-05-21 | Seiko Epson Corporation | Image forming apparatus applying a superimposed AC-bias to the developing member |
US7035575B2 (en) * | 2003-04-16 | 2006-04-25 | Ricoh Company, Ltd. | Developing device, image forming apparatus, and process cartridge |
US6965746B2 (en) * | 2003-06-17 | 2005-11-15 | Xerox Corporation | Hybrid electrophotographic development with toner induction charged via AC induced conductivity |
JP4393900B2 (ja) * | 2003-06-26 | 2010-01-06 | 株式会社リコー | 現像装置、画像形成装置、プロセスカートリッジ及び現像方法 |
JP4672243B2 (ja) * | 2003-06-27 | 2011-04-20 | 株式会社リコー | 現像装置及び画像形成装置 |
JP2005173485A (ja) * | 2003-12-15 | 2005-06-30 | Canon Inc | 現像装置、プロセスカートリッジ及び画像形成装置 |
US7013104B2 (en) | 2004-03-12 | 2006-03-14 | Lexmark International, Inc. | Toner regulating system having toner regulating member with metallic coating on flexible substrate |
JP4510493B2 (ja) * | 2004-03-29 | 2010-07-21 | キヤノン株式会社 | 画像形成装置 |
US7236729B2 (en) | 2004-07-27 | 2007-06-26 | Lexmark International, Inc. | Electrophotographic toner regulating member with induced strain outside elastic response region |
JP4785408B2 (ja) * | 2005-04-18 | 2011-10-05 | キヤノン株式会社 | 現像装置、プロセスカートリッジ及び画像形成装置 |
JP5377159B2 (ja) * | 2008-08-29 | 2013-12-25 | キヤノン株式会社 | 画像形成装置 |
Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3301152A (en) * | 1964-11-27 | 1967-01-31 | Xerox Corp | Xerographic copying apparatus |
JPS533233A (en) * | 1976-06-29 | 1978-01-12 | Ricoh Co Ltd | Development of electrostatic latent image |
JPS5330339B2 ( ) * | 1972-05-10 | 1978-08-26 |
Family Cites Families (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3263234A (en) * | 1961-10-04 | 1966-07-26 | Burroughs Corp | Apparatus and method of electrostatic recording |
US3779204A (en) * | 1972-08-14 | 1973-12-18 | Eastman Kodak Co | Toner concentration and auto bias control apparatus |
US3863603A (en) * | 1974-01-07 | 1975-02-04 | Ibm | Magnetic brush roll having resilient polymeric surface |
NL7512356A (nl) * | 1975-10-22 | 1977-04-26 | Oce Van Der Grinten Nv | Magneetrol. |
US4034709A (en) * | 1975-10-22 | 1977-07-12 | Xerox Corporation | Developer roll |
US4100884A (en) * | 1976-02-25 | 1978-07-18 | Ricoh Company, Ltd. | Rubber developer roller using single component toner |
JPS5330339U ( ) * | 1976-08-23 | 1978-03-15 |
-
1978
- 1978-05-16 JP JP5808378A patent/JPS54149632A/ja active Granted
-
1979
- 1979-05-08 US US06/037,324 patent/US4286543A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Patent Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3301152A (en) * | 1964-11-27 | 1967-01-31 | Xerox Corp | Xerographic copying apparatus |
JPS5330339B2 ( ) * | 1972-05-10 | 1978-08-26 | ||
JPS533233A (en) * | 1976-06-29 | 1978-01-12 | Ricoh Co Ltd | Development of electrostatic latent image |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
JPS54149632A (en) | 1979-11-24 |
US4286543A (en) | 1981-09-01 |
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