JPS6040451A - Building system having heating or heating and cooling means mounted in structure thereof - Google Patents

Abstract

1. A constructional system for town and country residential buildings, commercial buildings and the like, designed for the exclusive or at least predominant use of biological building materials and the provision of a low-temperature heating system specially adapted to said structural system and working on the hypocaustic principle, namely with warm air circulating in a closed circuit through air circulation means at least in the flooring and walls, with the basic structure of said building (Fig. 1) comprising a framework (2, 3, 4, 5, 6) of any desired materials as the load-bearing structure with at least such wall and floor elements (10 or 26 or 14) as are in the interior of said building being connected one with another to allow free passage of the flow of warm air (28) in said air-circulation means (65) within said cavity bricks (Fig. 3), characterized by, the inner and outer filling of the spaces between the framework elements (8) and also the walls and floor elements (2) being of so-called cavity-bricks (9 or 10 and 14 and 26), said filling, floor and wall elements being flexibly and resiliantly attached to said-bearing framework (2, 3, 4, 5, 6) by means of tie-rods (11, 20) or similar connecting means, with the intervention of a thermal-insulation filling (23) such as some lime-bound granular material (Figs 2 and 3).

Description

[Detailed Description of the Invention] [Technical Field] The present invention relates to buildings such as houses, villas, offices, etc. that are made entirely or at least in large part of construction materials such as wood, and in particular to their construction methods. It relates to heating means of the Hypocaust type, which is integrated with the building, in which passages through which hot air circulates forming a closed circuit are provided in at least the floor and walls.

[Prior art]

So-called hypocaustic heating already existed in the Roman period in 100 AD as a central heating method for the floors of buildings for public or private purposes, and in the subsequent imperial period, hollow blocks or clay pipes were used to heat the walls as well. It started to be used for.

During the next 1,500 years, this biologically most favorable method of heating, considered extremely long-lived and health-friendly at the time, was either largely forgotten or superseded by so-called new methods of heating, which also included the use of solar heat. Ta.

However, for the past 1,000 years, something has always remained unsatisfactory in architectural technology, even though this basic concept, which appears to be still evolving today, has remained unresolved. For example, DE-PS712000 or DE-P was used during the war years of 1938-1943 when energy was scarce.
S738781, or also 1964 DE-08
You can tell by looking at 1454474. Especially DE-O8145
As for 4474, it refers to a building with a similar heating system that already existed in Wurzburg 30 years earlier, and is itself under its patent with so-called Hurdis in the hot air channels.
diS) tube.

Furthermore, if we look at the relevant literature and current architectural usage, we can see that each heating method that has been known and has always been viewed as natural has its advantages and disadvantages;
It has not been known in practice to collect or combine the advantages of several of them.
We also reach the conclusion that it has not been proposed in any clear form in any literature.

[Purpose of the invention]

One of the objects of the present invention is therefore to build on the hypocaust system and incorporate into it individual features of one or more of the advantages of various other heat intake or heat generation systems, with extremely low energy requirements. The object of the present invention is to provide a heating system that works, that is, a heating system that uses objects on the inner surface of a building as a heat storage body, which has good performance values and is comfortable to live in.

Therefore, the essential purpose of the present invention is to create so-called "living buildings," which do not belong to prefabricated buildings that are often bound by standards, but which are capable of change and therefore have flexibility. The objective is to provide a building that is compatible with the elimination of floors, ceilings, and all other interior and exterior construction work that is expensive with conventional ordinary construction methods.

The solution to this object of the invention and the necessary means therefor;
The method is as described in the claims and shown in the architectural drawings, and its advantages will be discussed in detail below.

〔Example〕

The building, whose main structure is schematically shown in Figure 1, rests on an independent foundation or a cloth foundation 1 due to the bearing capacity and load of the ground, and according to the present invention, it has a single truss-like rigid frame structure. .

That is, the hollow inorganic panel 26 is installed,
The beam 2 on which it is placed, the base or pedestal 3, and the complementary pole member 4 that serves as a frame or window sill form a rigid frame structure. Department. The foundation 3 is anchored to the masonry structure or to the foundation 1, and the longitudinal rigid members of the truss should also protrude from the foundation 3, but these are not shown in the figures. 4゜5.6 indicates the roof frame, and 7 indicates the rainwater discharge end. If the area is on sandy ground or in a dry area, it is led to an outdoor hollow 5 heat storage 51, and the rainwater is used to store heat. You can increase the moisture content in a container. Although this rigid frame structure is mainly made of wood, it can also be made of steel, concrete, or masonry if it meets the purpose of the present invention.

Now, getting into the core of the present invention, so-called hollow inorganic panels 9.10; 14.26 are used as interior and exterior materials for the hollow space 8 of the truss and the floor or ceiling 2.
These are connected to the load-bearing rigid structures 2, 3, 4, 5.6 by means of retaining anchors 11.20 or the like in a manner that allows tilting or upward movement. Second
As can be seen in FIG. .20, it is fixed to the inorganic particles in the space between the rigid frame structures 3, 4 or the panels 9, 10. This mixture, for example, made up of inorganic grains with a binder and so-called hydraulic lime, serves not only to insulate the building 70, but also to reinforce the hollow inorganic ξ flannel against wind pressure, etc. do. A very substantial advantage in fixing the hollow mineral panels 9,100 on the inner and outer surfaces according to the invention with retaining anchors is the reciprocity between these parts, i.e., even if movement occurs within the rigid structure, it will not move internally. The problem lies in the fact that it cannot be directly transmitted to the exterior material.

In addition to applying Minato Kui-nuri 1a, 22, 27 to the inner side of the foundation and the outer/inner wall surfaces 9, 10 in the same way as in the usual method, we also apply Minato Kui-nuri 1a, 22, 27 to the inner surface of the foundation and the outer/inner wall surfaces 9, 10. A moisture barrier material 12 is placed between the foundation 1 and the wooden parts 2 to 30, and this felt layer 12 prevents any movement of the rigid frame structure 2, 3.4 from being caused by the walls 9, 10 of the hollow mineral panels. This has the side benefit of not being transmitted directly to

In Figure 3, both the floor and ceiling are hollow inorganic panels 14.
26, through which air passes, but in this structure, according to the present invention, in addition to soundproofing material 25 made of cork or rock wool, there is also a heat insulating material 25 between these panels. There is a mortar layer 24, which has a structure that supports the floor/ξ flannel 14 that serves as floor heating. This mortar layer 24 not only functions as support and heat insulation, but also makes the floor structure light, so that the floor support structure 2 can have a relatively small cross-sectional dimension. At the corner of the wall and at the point where the inner wall 10 through which the hot air passes connects to the floor panel 14, there is, in part, an air channel 18 for passing the return air, which is appropriately large. Aperture 1 with a fixed size
Panels 10 to 14 located at that location by 8a
and an architecturally necessary floorboard 13 of masonry or wood and a deformable partition strip 21, which is connected to the floor surface 14 by This is necessary in order to work without being affected or creating stress. Furthermore, this strip 21 serves as a sound barrier when walking and prevents the sound from being transmitted to the walls 10. Utility pipes 19, which are necessary in any building, are housed, for example, in the padding 23.

Furthermore, there is stagnant air 29 in the flow path (vacancy) of the hollow inorganic nominal panel 9 on the outer wall, and this air also serves as a heat insulator, but as mentioned above, the inner panel is completely free of air flow. They are connected to each other in parallel in the direction, and the return air flow 28 is connected to an indoor hollow 5 heat storage device 30, which will be described in detail later, located at the lowest level of the building 70.

What is important here is the connection between the floor and the flannel 14, on which objects are often placed. 8th
As shown in FIG. 9, one Nominel 14 has hook-shaped notches 15 facing upward on both sides, where the air passage 65 is open, and the adjacent That is, the mating .xi. channel 14a has a corresponding downward hook-shaped notch 66, but with a shorter length. Gunel 14 and 14a
are arranged in an alternating manner, and the surfaces in direct contact with each other are firmly interconnected with adhesives 68, 69. A covering strip 16 is laid in the joint groove 67 left on the top surface, which prevents the joint mortar 17 from reaching the air flow path 65 and disturbing the air circulation 28. Ru.

Finally, as an important part of the present invention, the structure of the core portion of the indoor and outdoor hollow 5 heat accumulators 30 and 51 is shown in FIGS.
As shown in Figure 7, it is made of Nokura stone stuffed into a single block of wire or steel, and
As shown in FIG. 10, the outdoor hollow 5 heat storage 51 extends entirely or at least partially under the building 70 or extends outdoors over the building foundation 1.

In this case, the chests 5 and the heat accumulators 51 are made of the already mentioned knitted wire, and are made into one block with an air space 6 between them.
A stone pack 59 and a cover thin plate 57 arranged at intervals of 2
, and a soil layer 60 placed thereon. In its front area is a concrete bit 52, on which a cover plate 58 is attached, below which a blower 54 and an evaporator register 53 are located. Reference numeral 56.56a indicates a return air flow path which also includes a supply end, 61 is a refrigerant pipe to the heat pump, and 55 may be a septic tank. 63, 64 and 71 indicate that in the case of FIG. 6, the position of the adjacent building on the plan view may be as shown.

An example of the details of the indoor hollow 5 heat storage device 30 (No. 4
(Fig. 5), its outer wall is made up of hollow inorganic ξ flanges 31 and 33 on the side of the building, but in addition to one working hole 32, support boarding 37, 39, Components include insulating materials 34, 36 contained therein, and a back-and-forth air passage 35 contained therein. Reference numeral 38 indicates the support beam for the paving surface of the building, and reference numeral 49 indicates the characteristic stone filling of the core of this indoor heat storage device, which is a type of cage 4.
1, and a cage, that is, a structure made of building steel rods, is fixed by a retaining anchor 45. A cover plate 40 on the upper side of the car and a guide plate 42 provided after the circulation fan 50 serve for the necessary air guidance in the device. In addition, 43.44 and 46-4
Reference numeral 8 indicates gold stone, heat insulating material, and protective material on the ground where this heat storage device is placed, which are not particularly related to the present invention.

According to FIG. 10, outdoor and indoor heat accumulators 5
The reciprocating air channels 72,73 which functionally connect 1 and 30 to each other can be seen. A single heat pump powers the entire system.

〔Effect of the invention〕

In view of the above, what should be considered essential to the present invention is the non-rigid fixation between the hollow inorganic IE flannel and the rigid frame structure for the construction system. This fixing method avoids the occurrence of cracks or similar damage to the building due to differences in expansion rates, special stresses, etc. Furthermore, a very significant advantage is its absolute reliability over other methods in carrying out construction work in the shortest possible time without drying time. Construction defects and building damage, as in the case of hot water floor heating, are also not possible in this case.

[Brief explanation of the drawing]

Fig. 1 is an elevation cross-sectional view using the construction method according to the present invention, Fig. 2 is an enlarged view of an example of a plane cross-section at one corner, and Fig. 3 is a diagram showing the foundation structure and the floor and floor connected to it. Figure 4 is a plan view of the indoor hollow 5 heat storage device, Figure 5 is an elevational sectional view taken along cutting line AB in Figure 4, and Figure 6 is a schematic diagram of the outdoor hollow 5 heat storage device. , FIG. 7 is a diagram also schematically showing one cross-section of FIG. 6, FIG. 8 is an enlarged view of the floor/ξ-flank joint in FIG. 3, and FIG. FIG. 10 is a sketch showing the hook-shaped notch in the floor panel shown in FIG. 1...Basic 1a...1 Hata Kui lacquer 2...
・・Large beam (floor or ceiling) 3・・・Foundation or laid 3a・・Shield 4・・・Reinforcement member (shelf, window sill) 5.6・・・・
Roof frame 7...Rainwater drainage end 8...Truss cavity 9...Hollow inorganic panel 9a on outer wall,
'Jb...Groove structure 10...Hollow inorganic panel on the inner wall 11...Retaining anchor 12...Moisture-proofing material 13...Laying board 14...Hollow inorganic material/ξ flannel on the floor or ceiling ( Upper side) 14a...' Hollow inorganic panel on the floor (one form on the upper side) 15... Hook-shaped notch in the floor panel (upward) 16...
- Covering strip 17... Joint mortar 18... Air flow path 18a... Opening 19... Utility piping 20... Retaining anchor 21... Partition strip (between floor and wall) ) 22...Stuccoing (inner wall) 23...Padding material 24...Insulating material (insulating mortar layer) 25...Soundproofing material 26...Hollow inorganic panel for floor or ceiling (lower side) 27 ... Minatokui lacquer (outer wall) 28 ... Air flow 29 ... Stagnant air 30 ... Indoor hollow 5 heat storage device (overall) 31 ... Hollow inorganic panel 32 ... Working hole 33...Hollow inorganic panel 34...Insulating material 35...Air flow path 36...Insulating material 37...Support board lining 38...Support beam 39...Support board lining 40...Case Upper cover plate 41...basket 42...guide plate 43.44...white stone 45...retaining anchor 46...protective material 47.48...insulating material 49...filling material stone) 50...Circulation blower 51...Outdoor hollow 5 heat storage (entire) 52...Concrete bit 53...Evaporator register 54...Blower 55...Septic tank 56...Return air Channel 56a... Air channel (supply end) 57... Thin cover plate (for the basket) 58... Cover plate (for the bit) 59... Stone pack 60... Soil layer 61... Refrigerant piping 62... Space (between stone packs 590) 63.64
. . . Adjacent building position 65 . . . Air flow path (in ξ flannel) 66 . . . Hook-shaped notch ( ξ flange, facing downward) 67 . 69...Adhesive 70...Building (house, whole) 71...Adjacent building position 72.73...Air flow path patent applicant Tadashi Wakabayashi

Claims (8)

[Claims] (1) A construction method for houses, villas, offices, etc. that uses wood or other building materials completely or at least in large part, but especially suitable for hypocaust (Hypocaust)
Caus, 1) In a building system in which a heating means is co-located with a method in which at least the floor and wall are provided with passages through which hot air circulates by creating a closed circuit, the following: There are three things to consider: first, the load-bearing elements in the main structure of the building (Figure 1) are preferably of wood, but may also be of masonry or other conceivable conventional construction. The second reason is that it has a good truss-like rigid frame structure (2, 3, 4, 5, 6), and the second reason is that it has a good truss-like rigid frame structure (2, 3, 4, 5, 6). Inorganic spring/I/(
9, 10 and 14.26) are used and these are secured by means of retaining anchors (11, 20) or similar
It is connected to a load-bearing rigid frame structure (2° 3.4, 5.6) in a manner that allows for tilting or upward movement (Fig. 2,
Thirdly, at least on the inside of the building, walls and/or ceilings and/or floors should be
6, 14) that the end surfaces where air enters and exits are connected so that the hot air (28) flowing through the channels (65) in these panels can freely pass through (Figure 3);
An architectural method characterized by a combination of (2) The heat source for heating is an outdoor hollow heat storage device located outside the building, but also an evaporator, a heat pump (53, 54), and sometimes a blower or compressor located inside the building (53, 54). outdoor hollow 5 heat storage device (51) combined with indoor hollow 5 heat storage device (30-49) with
~62) The construction method according to claim 1. (3) Load-supporting rigid frame structure (2, 3, 4, 5, 6
) enveloping hollow inorganic panels (e.g. ``YI+'') (10
and 9), a filler (23), for example, a crushed and lime-treated heat insulating material (see Figures 2 and 3), is provided in claim 1 or 2. Architectural method described in . (4) The sandwich structure of the floor (or ceiling) has hook-shaped cutouts (1) that interlock with each other at the butt points (67).
This panel (14, 14a) on the upper side and the panel (26
), there is a soundproofing material (25) and a heat insulating material (24) placed thereon or something similar (Fig. 8; Fig. 3). 3
Architectural method described in any of the paragraphs. (5) partially overlapping hook-shaped notches (15,
The grooves (67) of the rattan portion remaining in 66) are used to lay the covering strip (16) before filling with the joint mortar (17), and the parts of the hook-shaped notches that are directly abutted against each other are 5. The construction method according to claim 4, which is bonded with adhesive (68°69). (6) A construction system according to any one of claims 1 to 5, in which the necessary utility pipes (19) are arranged in the wall filling (23) (FIG. 3). . (7) The core of the indoor and outdoor hollow 5 heat accumulators (30, 51) is made of stone filling (49°59) held together by a wire or mesh enclosure (41). (Figs. 4 to 7), the construction method according to any one of claims 1 to 6. (8) A patent for an outdoor hollow 5 heat storage device (51) extending entirely or at least partially under the building (70) or extending outdoors over the foundation (1) of the building. The construction method according to claim 7.