CA1222147A - Construction system for building with hypocaustic heating system - Google Patents
Construction system for building with hypocaustic heating systemInfo
- Publication number
- CA1222147A CA1222147A CA000459163A CA459163A CA1222147A CA 1222147 A CA1222147 A CA 1222147A CA 000459163 A CA000459163 A CA 000459163A CA 459163 A CA459163 A CA 459163A CA 1222147 A CA1222147 A CA 1222147A
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- building
- plates
- hollow brick
- air
- heating
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 29
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 title description 19
- 239000011464 hollow brick Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 239000004035 construction material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000004575 stone Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000004570 mortar (masonry) Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000009408 flooring Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims 6
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 239000011449 brick Substances 0.000 description 10
- 229910052571 earthenware Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000004567 concrete Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011888 foil Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000750 progressive effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000013162 Cocos nucifera Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 244000060011 Cocos nucifera Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009435 building construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004566 building material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004927 clay Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007799 cork Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005338 heat storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004572 hydraulic lime Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007689 inspection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011490 mineral wool Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011505 plaster Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003014 reinforcing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000029058 respiratory gaseous exchange Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009291 secondary effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010865 sewage Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000006200 vaporizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04H—BUILDINGS OR LIKE STRUCTURES FOR PARTICULAR PURPOSES; SWIMMING OR SPLASH BATHS OR POOLS; MASTS; FENCING; TENTS OR CANOPIES, IN GENERAL
- E04H1/00—Buildings or groups of buildings for dwelling or office purposes; General layout, e.g. modular co-ordination or staggered storeys
- E04H1/02—Dwelling houses; Buildings for temporary habitation, e.g. summer houses
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
- E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
- E04B1/62—Insulation or other protection; Elements or use of specified material therefor
- E04B1/74—Heat, sound or noise insulation, absorption, or reflection; Other building methods affording favourable thermal or acoustical conditions, e.g. accumulating of heat within walls
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04H—BUILDINGS OR LIKE STRUCTURES FOR PARTICULAR PURPOSES; SWIMMING OR SPLASH BATHS OR POOLS; MASTS; FENCING; TENTS OR CANOPIES, IN GENERAL
- E04H5/00—Buildings or groups of buildings for industrial or agricultural purposes
- E04H5/10—Buildings forming part of cooling plants
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
- E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
- E04B1/62—Insulation or other protection; Elements or use of specified material therefor
- E04B1/74—Heat, sound or noise insulation, absorption, or reflection; Other building methods affording favourable thermal or acoustical conditions, e.g. accumulating of heat within walls
- E04B1/76—Heat, sound or noise insulation, absorption, or reflection; Other building methods affording favourable thermal or acoustical conditions, e.g. accumulating of heat within walls specifically with respect to heat only
- E04B2001/7679—Means preventing cold bridging at the junction of an exterior wall with an interior wall or a floor
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Architecture (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
- Electromagnetism (AREA)
- Building Environments (AREA)
- Cooling Or The Like Of Electrical Apparatus (AREA)
Abstract
ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE
A structural system for a building particularly adapted for use as a dwelling which may enable extensive use of biological construction materials wherein a framework structure operating as the basic support system for the building has mounted thereon hollow brick plates attached to the frame-work structure by tie-rods in an articulated and resilient manner, the hollow brick plate serving as the inner and outer facings for the open spaces of the framework and operating to define internal air ducts through which heating air may be circulated thereby to form a hypocaustic heating system for the building.
A structural system for a building particularly adapted for use as a dwelling which may enable extensive use of biological construction materials wherein a framework structure operating as the basic support system for the building has mounted thereon hollow brick plates attached to the frame-work structure by tie-rods in an articulated and resilient manner, the hollow brick plate serving as the inner and outer facings for the open spaces of the framework and operating to define internal air ducts through which heating air may be circulated thereby to form a hypocaustic heating system for the building.
Description
2~147 The present invention is directed generally to building construction systems and, more particularly, to a system for a building which may be constructed entirely or at least predominantly from biological building materials and which S may be useful as a residential dwelling, cottage, office building, or the like.
More specifically, the building system of the invention is adapted to utilization of a self-contained low temperature heating system which is designed as a hypocaust having ducts through which warm air is circulated in a closed system usually at least through the floor and the walls of the building.
Hypocausts have been known for centuries as central heating systems and were utilized during the Roman Empire in 100 B.C. in public and private buildings. In hypocaust heating systems, the walls form part of the heating system itself and hollow brick tiles or clay pipes form conduits for heating air to pass therethrough.
Systems of this type are extremely favorable from a biological point of view in that they provide a system which is quite durable and relatively healthy, operating as a low temper-ature heating system. However, such systems have fallen in disuse and were extensively replaced by the more modern heating instal-lations until the recent advent of solar heat systems~
-2- ,~
lZ2;~1~7 Although the systems of ancient times are no longer in widespread use, nevertheless there have been known hea~ing systems of this type which are particularly considered progressive during times when energy sources are scarce. Heating systems o~
the type contemplated are disclosed in the prior art, for example, in DE-PS 712 700 and DE-PS 738 781 which date back to the years 1938 to 1943 which were times of scarce energy sources. Addition-ally, a prior art system is disclosed in DE-OS 14 54 474 which dates from 1964, which also refers to a building system having a similar type of heating system erected thirty years prior in Wuerzburg and which discloses a system utilizing the so-called Hourdis pipes for guiding warm air.
Additional pertinent literature exists in the prior art and present-day structural techniques are such that many of the previously known heating systems are favorably evaluated and considered progressive since they display many advantageous characteristics. However, the present state of the art is such that significant advances are possible and particularly with declining energy sources could be consid~red of significant value.
Therefore, the present invention is directed toward providing a system for constructing a building which may be provided with a low temperature heating system operating with extremely low energy requirements utilizing an essentially hypocaustic system as the basic heating system and including specific characteristic features having significant advantages over other types of heating output and production techniques with the low temperature heating system of the invention pro-viding improved perfGrmance, greater comfort and ease, from the point of view of the inhabitability of the building, by means of including in the inner dimensions of the building heat storages or reservoirs.
Thus, a substantial accomplishment of the present invention involves the provision of a so-called breathing construc-tion, which, on the one hand, may not be categorized asprefabricated housing, which are mostly bound to a planning grid, but which may be constructed in a variable and therefore free manner by means of its elements while, at the same time, dispensing with expensive ground or flooring work, ceiling and other forms of work of the usual conventional manner of construction.
SU~MARY OF THE INVENTION
Briefly, the present invention--may be defined as a construction system for a building particularly useful as a dwelling adapted to enable extensive utilization of biological construction materials and utilizing a hypocaustic low temperature heating system comprising: a framework structure forming the basic support system for the building; enclosure means supported on said framework structure defining walls, flooring and ceiling for said building; air circulation means for transporting heating air l~Z21~7 within said building; heat source means for heating air circulated through said air circulation means; hollow brick plates forming part of said enclosure means and having interior duct work defined therethrough operating as part of said air circulation means through which heated air is passed for heating said building; and tie-rod means for attaching said hollow brick plates to said framework structure in an articulated and resilient manner; with said hollow brick plates being joined together so that said interior duct work is connected to form warm air passage means comprising part of said hypocaustic heating system.
In a more detailed feature of the invention, the heat source means may comprise outer earthstone storage means and inner earthstone storage means which may be combined with a fan or compressor to serve as the heat source for the building.
The various features of novelty which characterize the invention are pointed out with particularity in the claims annexed to and forming a part of this disclosure. For a better under-standing of the invention, its operating advantages and specific objects attained by its use, reference should be had to the drawings and descriptive matter in which there is illustrated and described a preferred embodiment of the invention.
~2214'7 DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
In the drawings:
Fig. 1 is a side elevation of a house constructed in accordance with the building system of the invention and shown in vertical section;
Fig. 2 is a sectional top view showing, on an enlarged scale, the ground plan of a corner development of the building system of the invention;
Fig. 3 is a sectional front view of a foundation development having adjoining ground and wall parts utilized in the building system of the invention;
Fig. 4 is a ground plan of an inner earthstone storage system which may be utilized as a heat source in the building of the present invention;
, .
Fig. 5 is a sectional view taken along the line A-B of Fig. 4 shown in front elevation;
Fig. 6 is a top plan view of an outer earthstone storage system shown schematically and capable of operating as a heat source for the building of the invention;
Fig. 7 is a schematic sectional view of an earthstone storage system of the type shown in Fig. 6;
Fig. 8 is a schematic side view showing the brick plates or tiles of the invention assembled to form a rabbet joint;
Fig. 9 shows an individual brick or tile of the invention formed as a rabbeted brick or tile and having internal duct work formed therethrough; and Fig. 10 is a perspective view of a dwelling or building ere~ted in accordance with the system of the present invention, shown from front to back, partially in section.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODI ENT
Referring now to the drawings, wherein like reference numerals are utilized to identify similar parts throughout the various figures thereof, there is shown, particularly in Fig. 1, a building which is constructed in accordance with the structural system of the present invention, the building being supported upon individual footings or strip foundations 1 and having a framework construction which consists essentially of ceiling or overhead beams or joists 2 for receiving and supporting a ceiling formed of hollow earthenware plates 26, ground or base beams or ties 3 and reinforcing wood timbers 4a arranged as crossbeams and as breastwork members for closures for windows. The framework l~Z1~7 construction also includes upper beams or ties 3a which serve as lintel and frame simultaneously.
In an appropriate and self-evident manner, perpendicular-ly or upstanding headrails of the framework (not shown) also extend from the ground beams 3 which, moreover, are anchored with a brickwork or masonry foundation 1. Reference numerals 4, 5 and 6 indicate structural roof beaming or timbers and the building is provided with rain runoffs 7 which may be arranged so as to direct the runoff into an earthstone outer storage unit 51 which may be arranged in sandy subsoil or in dry zones in order to increase moisture storage. However, this frame construction, preferably made from wood, could also be formed from steel, concrete or brick masonry for the purposes of the present invention.
An important inventive feature of the invention involves the utilization of hollow brick plates or tiles 9 and 10 and 14 and 26 which serve as inner and outer facing for the open or free spaces 8 of the framework structure as well as of the ground or floor beams and ceiling beams 2. The hollow brick tiles or plates are connected in an articulated and elastic or flexible manner with the supporting frame construction 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 by means of tie-rods 11, 20,or the like.
In accordance with the details of the invention depicted in Figs. 2 and 3, it will be seen that the wall plates 9 and 10 14~
are arranged in a tongue-in-groove construction 9a, 9b and are anchored in the grooves with adhesive mortar and, additionally, are anchored at all front sides by means of the tie-rods which comprise galvanized anchors 11 and 20 at the framework construc-tion 3, 4 and in the brick chips or broken stone mixture whichfills out open spaces between the plates 9 and 10. This brick chip or broken stone mixture consists essentially of brick chips with a binding agent which may be so-called hydraulic lime, and it serves primarily to insulate the building 70 (shown in Fig. 10) as well as to statically reinforce the hollow earthenware plates against wind pressure and the like.
A very substantial advantage of the tie-rod fastening of the outer and inner hollow earthenware plates 9 and 10 at or in the framework 2, 3, 4, in accordance with the invention, consists in the consequent reciprocal flexibility between these parts which means that possible movement within the framework construction cannot act directly on the inner and outer wall facings.
In addition to the usual application of plaster la, 22 and 27 to the insides of the foundation as well as to the outer and inner walls 9 and 10, it is important in terms of the construc-tion to install a moisture seal 12, for example, of bituminized coconut felt or fiber, between the foundation 1 and the wood parts 2 and 3. Additionally, an advantageous secondary effect of this felt layer 12 consists in that possible movements of the framework ~ZZiZl~
2, 3, 4 will not be direçtly transferred ~o the hollow earthen-ware brick walls 9 and 10.
In the floor/ceiling construction 14 and 26 shown in Fig. 3, both of which are constructed as air guiding hollow earthenware plates, a heat insulating mortar 24 is provided there-between, in accordance with the invention, along with a sound attenuation plate 25 which may be made of cork, rock wool, or the like with the heat insulating mortar 24 serving, at the same time, as a supporting structure for the ground plates 14 of the floor heating system. Since this mortar does not make the floor construction difficult or heavy along with its supporting and insulating action, the carrying construction of the ceiling 2 can be made with relatively small cross-sections. In the area of the wall corners and at the transitions from the warm air guiding inner walls 10 to the ground plate 14, there are located, on the one hand, air guide ducts 18 for forward and reverse running, the air guide ducts 18 being connected with the respective plates 10 and 14 by means of correspondingly dimensioned openings 18a, and, on the other hand, elements that are necessary in terms of con-struction technology, such as, brick or wood ground or supportingplates or shims 13, as well as elastic flexible dividing strips 21 which are necessary in order that the ground face or floor surface 14 may work in an unimpeded and tension-free manner. Moreover, the strip 21 also has a footfall sound attenuation and prevents its transmission to the walls 10. Supply lines 19, which are l~Z~147 normally necessary for any building, are accommodated, for example, within the fillings 23.
Furthermore, still or stationary air 29 will operate simultaneously to insulate and is located in the ducts of the hollow brick plates 9 of the outer walls, with the inner plates all being interconnected on the flow side, as already mentioned, wherein the air flow 28 is connected in forward and reverse flow with an inner earthstone storage unit 30 which will be described in greater detail hereinafter, located in the basement of the building 70.
of particular significance is the interconnection of the floor plates 14 which are loaded most of all. Figs. 8 and 9 show, in greater detail, the structure and arrangement of the floor plates 15 which, as shown in Fig. 9, are formed as rabbeted tiles. Fig. 8 shows the rabbeted joints made of the tiles 14 and 14a and, as seen in Fig. 8, in each instance, one of the plates or tiles 14 is formed with a notch or recess 15 on its upper surface at both sides with the notches 15 releasing or opening into air guide ducts 65 with an adjoining counterplate 14a having a corresponding but shorter notch 66 on the underside of the plates. The two plates 14 and 14a may be placed alternate-ly together and connected firmly to form the rabbeted joint shown in Fig. 8 by means of an adhesive 68, 69. A cover strip 16, which prevents the joint mortar 17 from getting into the air l~ZZi4~
guide ducts 65 and thus disturbing the air circulation 28 is placed on the joint 67 on the surface.
Finally, a further significant feature of the invention is the construction of the cores of the inner and outer earthstone storage units 30 and 51 which are made from loose stone fillings composed with a wire mesh or latticework 41 as shown in Figs. 4 and 7. As indicated in Fig. lO, the outer earthstone storage unit Sl extends entirely or at least partially under the building 70 and it is guided around the foundation l outwardly of the building. The storage unit 51 consists of stone bundles 59 held together with wire mesh with air spaces 62 being provided therebetween and with a cover foil 57 and with earth filling 60 lying above. A concrete shaft 52 and a cover 58 having a ventillator 54 arranged below, as well as an evaporator or vaporizer register 53, is located in its front area. Refer-ence numerals 56 and 56a designate the reverse air duct and its feed,and reference numeral 61 shows cold lines to the heat pump, with reference numeral 55 identifying a biological sewage treat-ment or filtering plant. Reference numerals 63, 64 and 71 indicate the ground plan position of possible adjoining or neighboring buildings shown in Fig. 6.
The inner earthstone storage unit 30, in accordance with the detailed view shown in Fig~ 5, is constructed, for example, with its outer boundary formed by means of hollow brick Z;Z14~
plates 31, 33 on the building side penetrated by an inspection opening 32 with a supporting form 37, 39 and with insulation 34, 36 lying therebetween. Forward and reverse air ducts 35 are embedded therein. Ceiling beams 38 of the building are also shown and reference numeral 49 identifies the actual stone filling of the inner core which is comprised of a sort of cage structure 41 made of steel mesh and held by means of tie-rods 45. An upper covering 40 as well as a baffle plate 42 connected downstream of the circulation fan 50 provide for necessary air guidance within the system. Additionally, bases, insulations, and protective foils 43, 44 and 46-48 are provided at the base of the storage unit which are not significant from the point of view of the present invention.
In accordance with Fig. 10, forward and reverse air lines 72 and 73 functionally connect the outer and inner storage units 51 and 30 with one another as will be seen from the drawings.
The total function of the system is that of a heat pump.
A significant element of the present invention, in terms of the construction of the building of the inventive system disclosed, resides in the nonrigid connection prcvided between the hollow stone plates or brick tiles and the framework structure.
Separations or other similar structural damage from expansion or other deformation is thereby prevented from occurring. Moreover, a considerable advantage over other systems resides in the lZ;~ 7 substantial security which may be provided with rabbet construc-tion without drying time. Defects and structural damage such as may occur in warm water base or ground heating do not occur with the present invention.
While a specific embodiment of the invention has been shown and described in detail to illustrate the application of the inventive principles, it will be understood that the invention may be embodied otherwise without departing from such principles.
More specifically, the building system of the invention is adapted to utilization of a self-contained low temperature heating system which is designed as a hypocaust having ducts through which warm air is circulated in a closed system usually at least through the floor and the walls of the building.
Hypocausts have been known for centuries as central heating systems and were utilized during the Roman Empire in 100 B.C. in public and private buildings. In hypocaust heating systems, the walls form part of the heating system itself and hollow brick tiles or clay pipes form conduits for heating air to pass therethrough.
Systems of this type are extremely favorable from a biological point of view in that they provide a system which is quite durable and relatively healthy, operating as a low temper-ature heating system. However, such systems have fallen in disuse and were extensively replaced by the more modern heating instal-lations until the recent advent of solar heat systems~
-2- ,~
lZ2;~1~7 Although the systems of ancient times are no longer in widespread use, nevertheless there have been known hea~ing systems of this type which are particularly considered progressive during times when energy sources are scarce. Heating systems o~
the type contemplated are disclosed in the prior art, for example, in DE-PS 712 700 and DE-PS 738 781 which date back to the years 1938 to 1943 which were times of scarce energy sources. Addition-ally, a prior art system is disclosed in DE-OS 14 54 474 which dates from 1964, which also refers to a building system having a similar type of heating system erected thirty years prior in Wuerzburg and which discloses a system utilizing the so-called Hourdis pipes for guiding warm air.
Additional pertinent literature exists in the prior art and present-day structural techniques are such that many of the previously known heating systems are favorably evaluated and considered progressive since they display many advantageous characteristics. However, the present state of the art is such that significant advances are possible and particularly with declining energy sources could be consid~red of significant value.
Therefore, the present invention is directed toward providing a system for constructing a building which may be provided with a low temperature heating system operating with extremely low energy requirements utilizing an essentially hypocaustic system as the basic heating system and including specific characteristic features having significant advantages over other types of heating output and production techniques with the low temperature heating system of the invention pro-viding improved perfGrmance, greater comfort and ease, from the point of view of the inhabitability of the building, by means of including in the inner dimensions of the building heat storages or reservoirs.
Thus, a substantial accomplishment of the present invention involves the provision of a so-called breathing construc-tion, which, on the one hand, may not be categorized asprefabricated housing, which are mostly bound to a planning grid, but which may be constructed in a variable and therefore free manner by means of its elements while, at the same time, dispensing with expensive ground or flooring work, ceiling and other forms of work of the usual conventional manner of construction.
SU~MARY OF THE INVENTION
Briefly, the present invention--may be defined as a construction system for a building particularly useful as a dwelling adapted to enable extensive utilization of biological construction materials and utilizing a hypocaustic low temperature heating system comprising: a framework structure forming the basic support system for the building; enclosure means supported on said framework structure defining walls, flooring and ceiling for said building; air circulation means for transporting heating air l~Z21~7 within said building; heat source means for heating air circulated through said air circulation means; hollow brick plates forming part of said enclosure means and having interior duct work defined therethrough operating as part of said air circulation means through which heated air is passed for heating said building; and tie-rod means for attaching said hollow brick plates to said framework structure in an articulated and resilient manner; with said hollow brick plates being joined together so that said interior duct work is connected to form warm air passage means comprising part of said hypocaustic heating system.
In a more detailed feature of the invention, the heat source means may comprise outer earthstone storage means and inner earthstone storage means which may be combined with a fan or compressor to serve as the heat source for the building.
The various features of novelty which characterize the invention are pointed out with particularity in the claims annexed to and forming a part of this disclosure. For a better under-standing of the invention, its operating advantages and specific objects attained by its use, reference should be had to the drawings and descriptive matter in which there is illustrated and described a preferred embodiment of the invention.
~2214'7 DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
In the drawings:
Fig. 1 is a side elevation of a house constructed in accordance with the building system of the invention and shown in vertical section;
Fig. 2 is a sectional top view showing, on an enlarged scale, the ground plan of a corner development of the building system of the invention;
Fig. 3 is a sectional front view of a foundation development having adjoining ground and wall parts utilized in the building system of the invention;
Fig. 4 is a ground plan of an inner earthstone storage system which may be utilized as a heat source in the building of the present invention;
, .
Fig. 5 is a sectional view taken along the line A-B of Fig. 4 shown in front elevation;
Fig. 6 is a top plan view of an outer earthstone storage system shown schematically and capable of operating as a heat source for the building of the invention;
Fig. 7 is a schematic sectional view of an earthstone storage system of the type shown in Fig. 6;
Fig. 8 is a schematic side view showing the brick plates or tiles of the invention assembled to form a rabbet joint;
Fig. 9 shows an individual brick or tile of the invention formed as a rabbeted brick or tile and having internal duct work formed therethrough; and Fig. 10 is a perspective view of a dwelling or building ere~ted in accordance with the system of the present invention, shown from front to back, partially in section.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODI ENT
Referring now to the drawings, wherein like reference numerals are utilized to identify similar parts throughout the various figures thereof, there is shown, particularly in Fig. 1, a building which is constructed in accordance with the structural system of the present invention, the building being supported upon individual footings or strip foundations 1 and having a framework construction which consists essentially of ceiling or overhead beams or joists 2 for receiving and supporting a ceiling formed of hollow earthenware plates 26, ground or base beams or ties 3 and reinforcing wood timbers 4a arranged as crossbeams and as breastwork members for closures for windows. The framework l~Z1~7 construction also includes upper beams or ties 3a which serve as lintel and frame simultaneously.
In an appropriate and self-evident manner, perpendicular-ly or upstanding headrails of the framework (not shown) also extend from the ground beams 3 which, moreover, are anchored with a brickwork or masonry foundation 1. Reference numerals 4, 5 and 6 indicate structural roof beaming or timbers and the building is provided with rain runoffs 7 which may be arranged so as to direct the runoff into an earthstone outer storage unit 51 which may be arranged in sandy subsoil or in dry zones in order to increase moisture storage. However, this frame construction, preferably made from wood, could also be formed from steel, concrete or brick masonry for the purposes of the present invention.
An important inventive feature of the invention involves the utilization of hollow brick plates or tiles 9 and 10 and 14 and 26 which serve as inner and outer facing for the open or free spaces 8 of the framework structure as well as of the ground or floor beams and ceiling beams 2. The hollow brick tiles or plates are connected in an articulated and elastic or flexible manner with the supporting frame construction 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 by means of tie-rods 11, 20,or the like.
In accordance with the details of the invention depicted in Figs. 2 and 3, it will be seen that the wall plates 9 and 10 14~
are arranged in a tongue-in-groove construction 9a, 9b and are anchored in the grooves with adhesive mortar and, additionally, are anchored at all front sides by means of the tie-rods which comprise galvanized anchors 11 and 20 at the framework construc-tion 3, 4 and in the brick chips or broken stone mixture whichfills out open spaces between the plates 9 and 10. This brick chip or broken stone mixture consists essentially of brick chips with a binding agent which may be so-called hydraulic lime, and it serves primarily to insulate the building 70 (shown in Fig. 10) as well as to statically reinforce the hollow earthenware plates against wind pressure and the like.
A very substantial advantage of the tie-rod fastening of the outer and inner hollow earthenware plates 9 and 10 at or in the framework 2, 3, 4, in accordance with the invention, consists in the consequent reciprocal flexibility between these parts which means that possible movement within the framework construction cannot act directly on the inner and outer wall facings.
In addition to the usual application of plaster la, 22 and 27 to the insides of the foundation as well as to the outer and inner walls 9 and 10, it is important in terms of the construc-tion to install a moisture seal 12, for example, of bituminized coconut felt or fiber, between the foundation 1 and the wood parts 2 and 3. Additionally, an advantageous secondary effect of this felt layer 12 consists in that possible movements of the framework ~ZZiZl~
2, 3, 4 will not be direçtly transferred ~o the hollow earthen-ware brick walls 9 and 10.
In the floor/ceiling construction 14 and 26 shown in Fig. 3, both of which are constructed as air guiding hollow earthenware plates, a heat insulating mortar 24 is provided there-between, in accordance with the invention, along with a sound attenuation plate 25 which may be made of cork, rock wool, or the like with the heat insulating mortar 24 serving, at the same time, as a supporting structure for the ground plates 14 of the floor heating system. Since this mortar does not make the floor construction difficult or heavy along with its supporting and insulating action, the carrying construction of the ceiling 2 can be made with relatively small cross-sections. In the area of the wall corners and at the transitions from the warm air guiding inner walls 10 to the ground plate 14, there are located, on the one hand, air guide ducts 18 for forward and reverse running, the air guide ducts 18 being connected with the respective plates 10 and 14 by means of correspondingly dimensioned openings 18a, and, on the other hand, elements that are necessary in terms of con-struction technology, such as, brick or wood ground or supportingplates or shims 13, as well as elastic flexible dividing strips 21 which are necessary in order that the ground face or floor surface 14 may work in an unimpeded and tension-free manner. Moreover, the strip 21 also has a footfall sound attenuation and prevents its transmission to the walls 10. Supply lines 19, which are l~Z~147 normally necessary for any building, are accommodated, for example, within the fillings 23.
Furthermore, still or stationary air 29 will operate simultaneously to insulate and is located in the ducts of the hollow brick plates 9 of the outer walls, with the inner plates all being interconnected on the flow side, as already mentioned, wherein the air flow 28 is connected in forward and reverse flow with an inner earthstone storage unit 30 which will be described in greater detail hereinafter, located in the basement of the building 70.
of particular significance is the interconnection of the floor plates 14 which are loaded most of all. Figs. 8 and 9 show, in greater detail, the structure and arrangement of the floor plates 15 which, as shown in Fig. 9, are formed as rabbeted tiles. Fig. 8 shows the rabbeted joints made of the tiles 14 and 14a and, as seen in Fig. 8, in each instance, one of the plates or tiles 14 is formed with a notch or recess 15 on its upper surface at both sides with the notches 15 releasing or opening into air guide ducts 65 with an adjoining counterplate 14a having a corresponding but shorter notch 66 on the underside of the plates. The two plates 14 and 14a may be placed alternate-ly together and connected firmly to form the rabbeted joint shown in Fig. 8 by means of an adhesive 68, 69. A cover strip 16, which prevents the joint mortar 17 from getting into the air l~ZZi4~
guide ducts 65 and thus disturbing the air circulation 28 is placed on the joint 67 on the surface.
Finally, a further significant feature of the invention is the construction of the cores of the inner and outer earthstone storage units 30 and 51 which are made from loose stone fillings composed with a wire mesh or latticework 41 as shown in Figs. 4 and 7. As indicated in Fig. lO, the outer earthstone storage unit Sl extends entirely or at least partially under the building 70 and it is guided around the foundation l outwardly of the building. The storage unit 51 consists of stone bundles 59 held together with wire mesh with air spaces 62 being provided therebetween and with a cover foil 57 and with earth filling 60 lying above. A concrete shaft 52 and a cover 58 having a ventillator 54 arranged below, as well as an evaporator or vaporizer register 53, is located in its front area. Refer-ence numerals 56 and 56a designate the reverse air duct and its feed,and reference numeral 61 shows cold lines to the heat pump, with reference numeral 55 identifying a biological sewage treat-ment or filtering plant. Reference numerals 63, 64 and 71 indicate the ground plan position of possible adjoining or neighboring buildings shown in Fig. 6.
The inner earthstone storage unit 30, in accordance with the detailed view shown in Fig~ 5, is constructed, for example, with its outer boundary formed by means of hollow brick Z;Z14~
plates 31, 33 on the building side penetrated by an inspection opening 32 with a supporting form 37, 39 and with insulation 34, 36 lying therebetween. Forward and reverse air ducts 35 are embedded therein. Ceiling beams 38 of the building are also shown and reference numeral 49 identifies the actual stone filling of the inner core which is comprised of a sort of cage structure 41 made of steel mesh and held by means of tie-rods 45. An upper covering 40 as well as a baffle plate 42 connected downstream of the circulation fan 50 provide for necessary air guidance within the system. Additionally, bases, insulations, and protective foils 43, 44 and 46-48 are provided at the base of the storage unit which are not significant from the point of view of the present invention.
In accordance with Fig. 10, forward and reverse air lines 72 and 73 functionally connect the outer and inner storage units 51 and 30 with one another as will be seen from the drawings.
The total function of the system is that of a heat pump.
A significant element of the present invention, in terms of the construction of the building of the inventive system disclosed, resides in the nonrigid connection prcvided between the hollow stone plates or brick tiles and the framework structure.
Separations or other similar structural damage from expansion or other deformation is thereby prevented from occurring. Moreover, a considerable advantage over other systems resides in the lZ;~ 7 substantial security which may be provided with rabbet construc-tion without drying time. Defects and structural damage such as may occur in warm water base or ground heating do not occur with the present invention.
While a specific embodiment of the invention has been shown and described in detail to illustrate the application of the inventive principles, it will be understood that the invention may be embodied otherwise without departing from such principles.
Claims (10)
1. A structural system for a building particularly useful as a dwelling adapted to enable extensive use of biological construction materials and utilizing a hypocaustic low temperature heating system comprising: a framework structure forming the basic support system for said building; enclosure means supported on said framework structure defining wall, floor and ceiling elements for said building; air circulation means for transporting heating air within said building; heat source means for heating air circulated through said air circulation means;
hollow brick plates forming part of said enclosure means and having interior duct work therethrough operating as part of said air circulation means through which heated air is passed for heating said building; and tie-rod means for attaching said hollow brick plates to said framework structure in an articulated and resilient manner; with said hollow brick plates being joined together so that said interior duct work is connected to form warm air passage means comprising part of said hypocaustic heating system.
hollow brick plates forming part of said enclosure means and having interior duct work therethrough operating as part of said air circulation means through which heated air is passed for heating said building; and tie-rod means for attaching said hollow brick plates to said framework structure in an articulated and resilient manner; with said hollow brick plates being joined together so that said interior duct work is connected to form warm air passage means comprising part of said hypocaustic heating system.
2. A system according to claim 1, wherein said heat source means comprise outer earthstone storage means located outside of said building, inner earthstone storage means arranged in the interior of said building and circulation fan means for driving air from said inner and outer earthstone storage means through said air circulation means.
3. A system according to claim 1, wherein said hollow brick plates are formed to define surfaces on the inside of said building and on the outside of said building with a spacing being provided between adjacent hollow brick plates located to form surfaces, respectively, on the inside and on the outside of said building, said system further comprising filling material consisting of lime-bonded insulated material located to fill out the spacing between said plates.
4. A system according to claim 1, wherein said hollow brick plates are formed as rabbeted tiles and are joined together by formation of a rabbet joint between each of said plates.
5. A system according to claim 1, wherein said hollow brick plates are located to form a ceiling and a floor of said building with said ceiling and said floor each being formed by adjacent spaced plates and with heat insulation being provided between said spaced plates.
6. A system according to claim 5, wherein footfall sound attenuation filling material is provided in the floor of said building.
7. A system according to claim 4, wherein said rabbeted tiles are joined with each other by an adhesive and wherein said rabbeted joint therebetween has a cover strip applied thereto and is subsequently filled with mortar.
8. A system according to claim 1, wherein said wall, flooring and ceiling elements defined by said enclosure means are formed as two-sided hollow elements having a filling material therebetween and wherein necessary utility supply lines for said building are located within said wall fillings.
9. A system according to claim 2, wherein said inner and outer earthstone storage means comprise an inner core of loose stone filling material and a wire mesh lattice forming a framework for holding said filling material in place.
10. A system according to claim 7, wherein said outer earthstone storage means extends at least partially beneath said building and is directed outwardly around its foundation.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DEP3326295.0 | 1983-07-21 | ||
| DE3326295 | 1983-07-21 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA1222147A true CA1222147A (en) | 1987-05-26 |
Family
ID=6204542
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA000459163A Expired CA1222147A (en) | 1983-07-21 | 1984-07-18 | Construction system for building with hypocaustic heating system |
Country Status (5)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP0132499B1 (en) |
| JP (1) | JPS6040451A (en) |
| AT (1) | ATE44064T1 (en) |
| CA (1) | CA1222147A (en) |
| DE (1) | DE3478704D1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS63165633A (en) * | 1986-12-26 | 1988-07-08 | 株式会社オ−エム研究所 | Solar system house |
| DE4434675C2 (en) * | 1994-09-28 | 1997-04-30 | Schwoerer Haus Gmbh & Co | Indoor climate system with storage layer |
| AT410956B (en) * | 1994-10-17 | 2003-09-25 | Eggner Roland | Component |
| RO112302B1 (en) * | 1996-01-18 | 2002-05-30 | Dumitru Panu-Misăilescu | Ecological construction |
| CN102635206A (en) * | 2012-04-05 | 2012-08-15 | 百安力钢结构应用科技有限公司 | Metal building structure system with basin-shaped structure |
| DE202015002423U1 (en) * | 2015-03-31 | 2016-07-01 | Müller Projekt GmbH | Building interior conditioning system |
Family Cites Families (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US1770813A (en) * | 1928-04-09 | 1930-07-15 | William B Selzer | Air-tempering apparatus |
| GB358016A (en) * | 1929-03-25 | 1931-10-01 | Charles Sanlaville | Improvements in heating systems by the use of hot air which is heat-protecting and is also protected, further adapted for temperature regulating purposes |
| FR736819A (en) * | 1932-05-07 | 1932-11-29 | Building construction system for residential or other use | |
| FR2247588A1 (en) * | 1973-10-11 | 1975-05-09 | Deloupy Guy | Thermal acoustic insulating building construction - has hollow blocks spaced from hollow blocks with insulating layer |
| FR2256293A1 (en) * | 1973-12-28 | 1975-07-25 | Delehaye Raymond | Method of making a prefabricated building - involves using open framework panels with insulation and service ducts |
| FR2450426A1 (en) * | 1979-02-28 | 1980-09-26 | Landriault Olivier | Solar energy trap panel - covered with retractable polyethylene film, to keep the exposed face of the trap plane and smooth |
| US4295415A (en) * | 1979-08-16 | 1981-10-20 | Schneider Peter J Jr | Environmentally heated and cooled pre-fabricated insulated concrete building |
| JPS57142427A (en) * | 1981-02-27 | 1982-09-03 | Masatoshi Nagao | Solar house structure of reinforced concrete building |
-
1984
- 1984-03-21 AT AT84103051T patent/ATE44064T1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1984-03-21 DE DE8484103051T patent/DE3478704D1/en not_active Expired
- 1984-03-21 EP EP84103051A patent/EP0132499B1/en not_active Expired
- 1984-07-18 CA CA000459163A patent/CA1222147A/en not_active Expired
- 1984-07-21 JP JP59150514A patent/JPS6040451A/en active Pending
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| EP0132499B1 (en) | 1989-06-14 |
| EP0132499A2 (en) | 1985-02-13 |
| EP0132499A3 (en) | 1985-05-15 |
| DE3478704D1 (en) | 1989-07-20 |
| JPS6040451A (en) | 1985-03-02 |
| ATE44064T1 (en) | 1989-06-15 |
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