RO112302B1 - Ecological construction - Google Patents

Abstract

The multipurpose ecological construction is characterized by the recovery /recycling/ upgrading, in a higher degree, of the available primary resources from the environment as : light, solar heat, wind energy and natural ventilation, its direct utilization and by conversion-reconversion, stocking the energy produced by the primary resources without the environment pollution or degradation, and comprises some metal profiles (1), fixed on a bottom metal curved plate (5) wherefrom some metal stops (2) are also radially mounted, said metal stops being caused to splay and sustaining some metal curved beams (3) radially mounted, and having the walls made up of transparent and heat insulating material, and being and provided /equipped with means ensuring the functional independence, without polluting the environment.

Description

RO 112302 Β1

The invention refers to a construction with multiple destinations, and which satisfies the current and prospective requirements, imposed by the ecological norms in order to harmonize human life with the environment, a construction which is capable, thanks to its shape and endowments, to ensure its energy autonomy which can also reach 100% depending on the facilities and the area where it is located, without raining or degrading the environment in which it is located, while ensuring space and ideal conditions inside it, for carrying out agricultural activities, aimed at ensuring the necessary of food for its tenants or to constitute a source of income, as a result of the activities carried out in its premises, the construction also providing the necessary conditions for the normal functioning of a mini-ecosystem.

A variety of constructions with public or family utility are known, which, in order to ensure the utilities that characterize the level of comfort, use the well-known traditional methods, methods that lead to the degradation and pollution of the environment in which the various constructions that make up the individual homes are located and families, for one family or for several families located isolated or grouped, hotels, cabins, pilot observation-research stations, administrative buildings, etc.

The disadvantages of these constructions also consist in the fact that:

- they do not use primary energy resources in the most efficient way (daylight, solar heat, wind energy, rainwater, natural ventilation);

- low stability and reliability in terms of their operational safety, in case of natural calamities; earthquakes, explosions, storms, fires, and when moving them from one land to another, located in a different climatic and geographical area;

- high weight per living square meter;

- high consumption of electricity and thermal energy;

- they do not allow energy autonomy without degrading and polluting the environment where they are located;

- they have very high cost price and maintenance expenses;

- they are fixed and non-removable.

The technical problem that the invention solves is the realization of an ecological construction, with multiple destinations, which makes better use of the available primary energy resources: solar light and heat, wind energy, rainwater and natural ventilation, so that it ensure energy independence that can reach 100%, through their direct use and through the conversion-reconversion and storage of energy produced by primary energy resources, without polluting or degrading the environment in which the construction is located. >

The ecological construction, according to the invention, eliminates the previously mentioned disadvantages, in that its composition includes light, transparent, heat-insulating materials that have a high mechanical resistance and stability over time of their performance in a temperature range between -40° C and +120°C, of the Lexan type, the material! which burns with difficulty but does not maintain combustion and which, depending on the area related to the construction where it is to be used, can be delivered on request by the manufacturing company to the beneficiary, and ready-formatted according to type-dimensions and with improved physico-chemical properties, in terms of parameters related to color, transparency, ultraviolet protection, roughness, with embedded metal reinforcements, etc. Other types of materials with similar properties can also be used. The resistance structure of the construction being formed by a metal skeleton, all the elements that make it up are demountably assembled together, it being covered, or better said sealed, on the outside and inside the construction, with transparent and heat-insulating Lexan plates, including on the part of the resistance metal structure, located inside the construction, which delimits the shape and size of the compartments, respectively of the levels that divide the total available space sheltered by the outer shell of the construction.

RO 112302 Β1 the entire resistance metal structure rests on a reinforced concrete foundation, hydro-insulated from the outside and thermally insulated from the inside, a foundation which, in addition to the function of uniform distribution of the weight loads to which it is subjected, more it also has the role of stabilizer and guarantor of maintaining the equilibrium position characteristic of the good functioning of the entire construction. The metal and Lexan structures together form various geometric forms of rotation, central to the axis of symmetry of the entire construction, thus fulfilling a condition imposed by the geometric optics which, once fulfilled by the construction, allows natural light to penetrate the entire construction and from all directions, coming from the upper part of the construction to its basement, through skylights made by transparent and heat-insulating Lexan plates. The construction equipped in this way can be assimilated, as an external form, with a "Mythical Hopa", with an air-borne balloon or, more plastically, with a light bulb in which the 60 λ face, i.e. the heaviest part of the light bulb, constitutes the foundation construction, the bulb's glass balloon being formed by the aerial part of the construction, the bulb's filament, as a shape and size specific to this example being assimilated with the metallic resistance structures, located inside the construction, and the support of the bulb's filament constituting it a central transparent gallery , of ventilation. consequently, the construction can be safely operated 65 when it is located on normal terrain, rock, sand, swamp, water, snow, ice, etc. The interior space of the construction is divided into several levels and compartments; the last level is sheltered under a spherical cap, which is also the roof of the construction, a roof of which certain areas are used as a support for some solar panels and some solar heat exchangers, the latter working on the principle of absorption or compression. in the center of this spherical cap is mounted a radial-axial wind turbine, with automatically adjustable positional blades at the entry and exit of the load, which is set in motion by the wind regardless of the direction from which it blows. This occurs due to the sticking of the air current to the spherical cap, which acts as an air flow amplifier, collecting the air after all the surface with which it comes in contact, directing it to its 75 tip and forcing it to work in the wind turbine radially -axial, located at its top.

The radial-axial wind turbine can also be set in motion by the current of air caused by natural ventilation, i.e. by an updraft of air and which is formed due to the circulation of air captured at ground level, through some filters, and which is brought through -a piping intended for this purpose, in the basement of the building, where it is then taken over by a specialized network for the separate ventilation of each level and compartment and discharged, also separately and independently, through a system with a valve to regulate the flow rate of air (system with which each level and compartment of the construction is equipped), after which the air reaches directly into a transparent, central, ventilation gallery, where, passing through a convergent and divergent nozzle of it, its speed will increase, thanks to a angle that characterizes this nozzle, 85 angle that forces the air current to change its direction, sticking to the walls that form the nozzle, then, with increased speed, the air will work in the blades of the radial-axial wind turbine. The transparent, central, ventilation gallery also serves as a shaft through which the building's elevator moves. Access to the construction, to its levels and compartments, is done directly or through an external staircase and through a system of internal stairs, the movement between the 90 levels of the construction being sometimes facilitated by an elevator when the solar panels and the radial-axial wind turbine have provided sufficient electricity to a battery station from which the elevator is also powered. Precipitation that falls on the roof of the building is collected, directed and stored in a storage capacity located in the upper area of the building.

This storage capacity consists of three equal and radially arranged tanks. Each tank consists of three compartments, one compartment for rainwater, the second for potable water and the third for domestic water, with the property that in all the tanks a constant level is maintained, independent of consumption, specific to the compartments related to each category of water stored in them, due to the series connection a

RO 112302 Β1

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145 to them. The amount of water stored in the storage capacity also provides what is needed for agricultural activities, not being able to leave the interior of the construction by evaporating directly into the atmosphere, thanks to the spaces sealed hermetically with transparent and thermally insulating Lexan plates. Two pumps, one manual and one electric, both located in the basement of the building, ensure the drinking water supply of the construction. The electric pump is powered from the battery station. When the construction is located in an arid area, we will have to provide it with the necessary initial water stock, which, thanks to the circulation and recirculation path that the water makes in the mini-ecosystem sheltered by the construction, will be preserved for a long time , ensuring for this duration the water requirement during the use of the construction. The levels and compartments of the construction will be distributed by the user according to the strict ergonomic criterion, taking into account the specifics of the activity to be carried out inside the construction.

Ecological construction according to the invention has several advantages:

- makes full use of primary energy resources: solar light and heat, wind energy, rainwater, natural ventilation;

- provides operational safety, comfort and stability in case of natural calamities: earthquakes, explosions, storms, fires, humidity, heat, cold, etc.;

- its assembly and disassembly is easy, giving its owner the possibility of placement or relocation in different areas, when his interests require it;

- allows energy autonomy, by using primary energy resources, which can reach 100% depending on the related facilities and the area where the building is located, without degrading or polluting the surrounding environment;

- they are light compared to traditional ones and do not require special foundations;

- they have a low cost price when erecting them, and the maintenance expenses are low, since during their construction and exploitation, the other operations characteristic of erecting an ordinary construction are not performed, here everything is reduced to the assembly of the metal that forms the resistance structure of the construction and to the sealing of it with the plates of the transparent and heat-insulating material used; in the case of Lexan, it does not require finishing work from the builder, the materials used have great stability over time.

- they are easily transportable and can be installed in any environmental conditions: cold, hot, humid, location on normal ground, on rock, on sand, on marsh, on ice, etc.

next, an example of the invention is given, also in connection with fig. 1...6, which represent:

- fig. 1 - axial section through construction;

- fig. 2 - side view of the construction;

- fig. 3 - top view of the construction;

- fig. 4 - top view of the ground floor;

- fig. 5 - top view of the water storage capacity;

- fig. 6 - bottom view of the water storage capacity.

The construction according to the invention consists of some metal profiles 1, metal support pillars 2, upper metal beams 3, lower metal beams 4, a metal bottom 5, a metal bell 6, a metal ground floor 7, a first level metal floor 8, a second level metal floor 9, a third level metal floor 10, some intermediate metal floors 11, a basement metal floor 12, some stiffening metal ribs 13, some transparent roof tiles 14, some transparent panels for the facade 15, some transparent tiles internals 16, a radial-axial wind turbine 17, a radial-axial bearing system 18, a gear 19, an electric generator 20, a battery station 21, a transparent central ventilation gallery 22, some rolling supports -guide of the elevator car, 23, a platform with the elevator motor 24, an elevator car, 25, some access doors of the car, 26, an external staircase of

RO 112302 Β1 access, 27, some internal access stairs to the levels and compartments of the construction, 28, some air capture filters at ground level, 29, a ventilation pipe, 30, some ventilation sockets, 31, some specialized networks of ventilation 32, some air dispersal structures, 150 33, a valve system for regulating the exhaust air flow rate 34, a collecting trough 35, a precipitation channel, 36, a rainwater storage compartment, 37, a potable water storage compartment, 38, a domestic water storage compartment, 39, a reinforced concrete foundation 40, waterproofing of the foundation 41, a wastewater discharge network to their treatment plant, 42, a manual drinking water pump, 43, some 155 solar conversion panels, 44, a thermal insulation 45, some solar heat exchangers, on the principle of absorption or compression, 46, some transparent plates, used as a floor, 47, an electric water pump drinking water, 48, and some thermally regulating curtains, 49.

On the metal profiles 1, all the elements that form the metal structure of the building's resistance are connected, and they are assembled dismountably between them, as follows: 160 metal support pillars 2, upper metal beams 3, lower metal beams 4, g metal bottom 5, the metal bell 6, the ground floor metal floor 7, the first level metal floor 8, the second level metal floor 9, the third level metal floor 10, the intermediate metal floors 11, the basement metal floor 12, the stiffening metal ribs 13, the resulting structures being covered tightly with the plates transparent and heat-insulating Lexan sheets as follows: 165 transparent sheets for the roof, 14, transparent sheets for the facade, 15, transparent interior sheets, 16, transparent sheets used as a floor, 47, which constitute the skylights of the entire construction, so that the resulting construction presents symmetry with respect to its central axis, thus fulfilling the condition imposed by the geometric optics which, once fulfilled by the construction, allows natural light to penetrate the entire construction and in all directions, 170 coming from the upper part of the construction to its basement, through the skylights its. The roof of the building consists of the upper metal beams, 3, the stiffening metal ribs, 13 and the transparent roof plates, 14, from the assembly of which together a spherical cap is formed, on top of which there is a radial-axial wind turbine, 17, the conversion panels solar, 44, solar heat exchangers on the principle 175 of absorption or compression, 46. All precipitation that falls on the roof of the building, being collected by the collecting trough 35 and led through the precipitation directing pipe, 36, into the rainwater storage compartment , 37. The radial-axial wind turbine, 17, with automatically adjustable positioned blades as they enter and exit the load, is set in motion by the wind, regardless of its direction. This happens due to the air current sticking to the 180 spherical cap which acts as an air flow amplifier, picking up the air after all the surface it comes in contact with, directing it towards its tip and forcing it to work in the wind turbine radial-axial, 17, located at its apex. The radial-axial wind turbine can also be set in motion by the current of air caused by natural ventilation, i.e. by an updraft of air, which is formed due to the circulation of the air captured through some filters of 185 air capture, 29, of the air at ground level , through the ventilation piping, 30, through the ventilation intakes, 31, through the exhaust air flow rate regulation system with flap, 34, a system with which each level and compartment of the building is equipped, after which the air, once evacuated through the exhaust system throttle regulation of air flow, 34, reaches directly into a central transparent gallery of ventilation 22, where, passing through a convergent-divergent nozzle 190 of it, its speed will increase due to an angle 0°<ε<8° what characterizes this nozzle, the angle that forces the air current to change its direction, sticking to the walls that form the convergent-divergent nozzle, then increasing the speed, the air will work in the blades of the radial-axial wind turbine 17, which, through the system of radial-axial bearing 18 and gear 19, determines

Claims (4)

RO 112302 Β1 is 195 the start-up of the electric generator 20 and therefore the charging of the battery station, 21. The battery station, 21, can also be charged with electric current from the solar conversion panels, 44. The solar heat exchangers on the principle absorption or compression, 46, contributes to improving the efficiency of conversion and reconversion of primary energy resources, provided by the environment through heat or cold. The thermal point, so called the main warm spot of the construction, is sheltered by the metal bell 6 and the metal bottom 5, which form an enclosure that is covered with a reflective material, an enclosure whose geometric shape, viewed in section, is in a vertical plane and executed in any direction, it is a curvilinear equilateral triangle, all the curves of the sides of the triangle being executed according to the same radius R. The reflective material has the role of ensuring the uniform spread, 205 in the premises, of the light coming from outside the building through the skylights formed by the transparent plates for the roof, 14, the transparent tiles for the facade, 15, the transparent interior tiles, 16, and the transparent tiles used as a floor, 47, with which the construction is equipped. The metal bell 6 has the shape of a reflection mirror similar to that used to reflect the light of an electric bulb as, for example, in a flashlight. The metal bottom 5 and the metal bell 6 210 have the role of ensuring the speed of response in terms of thermal inertia, knowing that metal transmits heat very well by conduction, radiation and convection. The enclosure formed by the metal bottom 5 and the metal bell 6 is protected against unjustified heat loss by the thermal insulation 45. The penetration of water into the foundation is prevented by the waterproofing 41. The metal profiles 1, assembled together with the upper metal beams, 3, the upper metal beams 215 , 4, the metal stiffening ribs, 13, and the transparent roof tiles, 14, together form an ellipsoid that has, in the central area, a hole in the shape of a hyperboloid, in which all the elements that compose it are bent according to the same radius curvature R, a radius that is also found at the metal bell 6 and the metal bottom 5. The metal profiles 1 each have two curves in the same plane and following the same radius R, with a 220 inflection point between them. The bulb on which the blades are fixed, which are automatically positioned and adjusted, when entering and exiting the load, is in the shape of a lens and is made of a material with optical properties, thereby facilitating the axial penetration of light inside the construction, through the hospital free of the transparent central ventilation gallery, 22. Thermal regulating curtains, 49, are made of a double foil covered with 225 different materials and have the property that one side of them absorbs heat and the other side of them radiates it, behaving as a reversible heat pump, the direction of heat transmission being determined by the mode of exposure of the thermal regulating curtains, 49, with the face corresponding to the intended purpose, thereby facilitating the possibility of controlling the temperature inside the construction. The external facade of the construction is characterized by an angle 2ε, where ε 230 can have values in the range 0°<ε<8°. demand 1. Ecological construction, with multiple destinations, characterized by the fact that, in order to capitalize in a superior way the primary resources available from the environment, such as light, solar heat, wind energy and natural ventilation, of their direct use and through conversion, of storing the energy produced by the energy resources, without polluting or degrading the environment, is made up of some metal profiles (1) placed flared and fixed at the bottom by a metal bottom plate (5), circular and curved, from which some metal pillars 240 (2) placed all flared, supporting some curved metal roof beams (3), with other all curved metal beams (4), mounted radially, from a metal bell (6) placed at the base and fixed all of the metal plate (5), from some radial metal frames for floors (7, 8, 9, 10, 11 and 12) and RO 112302 Β1 with stiffening metal ribs (13) of curved beams (3 and 4) with a concrete foundation (40), ensuring the stiffening of the construction with a roof in the form of a spherical cap, with a central hollow for lift and ventilation, which, at the upper end, a radial-axial 245 wind turbine (17) is mounted, powered by atmospheric and internal currents from natural ventilation, a construction in which, for the floors, for the facade walls and the internal walls, heat-insulating and transparent materials are used, to facilitate light penetration, and solar conversion panels (44), heat exchange panels (46) on the principle of absorption or compression, thermal regulating curtains (49) ensuring energy independence and with 250 energy storage batteries (21) and compartments for water tanks water storage (37, 38 and 39), ensuring its functional independence. 2. Construction according to claim 1, characterized in that the metal profiles (1) assembled at the top, together with the metal beams (3 and 4), form in the vertical plane an equilateral cubic triangle, whose sides have a curvature according to a radius (R) and, 255 /! with the stiffening ribs (13), with the transparent roof plates (14), form an ellipsoid, $ metal profiles (1) having two curves in the vertical plane following the same radius (R), with an inflection point through which, at the upper part, in the central area of the ellipsoid, so in ¹ the central void for lift and ventilation, of the construction, forms a hyperboloid with all the component elements with the same radius of curvature (R). 260 3. Ecological construction, according to claim 1, characterized by the fact that, on the upper part of the construction, some components (37, 38 and 39) are arranged on the lower beams (4) for reservoirs, storage of drinking water, domestic water and precipitation , by a collecting trough (35), placed on the periphery of the roof in the form of a spherical cap and led through a pipe (36) to the tank (37), and on the floor (10) an electric generator (20) is mounted 265, operated through a gear (19) and a radial-axial bearing system (18), of a wind turbine (17) set in motion by atmospheric currents regardless of their direction, in which the spherical cap of the roof acts as a flow amplifier, directing the current of air to the automatically adjustable positional blades at the entry and exit of the load, the turbine (17) being set in motion also by the current from the natural ventilation whose 270 movement is upward and which is formed due to the circulation of the air captured through the beams (29) from the level the ground, through the piping (30), the air intakes (31), through the ventilation networks (32), through the dispersion structures (33) and the regulation system with exhaust air flaps (34), placed at each level of the construction, the exhausted air reaching the central gallery (22), from where, through the divergent convergent nozzle, whose speed increases due to an angle of 275 (0<ε<8°), which forces it to change its direction, sticking- on the walls, actuate the blades of the turbine (17) whose produced energy can be stored in the battery station (21) also connected to the solar conversion panels (44) in electrical energy, placed on the roof. 4. Ecological construction, according to claim 1, characterized in that, at 280 the lower part, the metal bell (6) with the metal bottom plate (5) forms an enclosure of a thermal point covered with heat-insulating and reflective material, for the uniform spread of natural light entering through the central gallery (22), an enclosure whose geometric shape, viewed in section in a vertical plane, is a curvilinear equilateral triangle, all the curves of the sides of the triangle being executed according to the same radius (R), an enclosure bounded vertically 285 by a floor (12) and where the electric water pumps (43 and 48), the ventilation intakes (31) and the piping (30) connecting to the air intakes (29) and in connection with the central gallery (22) are located, where a lift (25) with guide rails (23) is placed. The president of the examination committee: Eng. Petrescu loan Cristea Examiner: engineer Chiru Marin