RU2630317C2 - Modular building with enhanced consumer properties - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: construction.

SUBSTANCE: building is designed as one-storey or multi-storey, the exterior wall of each apartment is designed as a translucent structure, and the outer transparent facade fencing around the perimeter of the building is installed with the support of the external part of the horizontal flooring to form a transparent gallery divided into private areas by means of transparent walls, with forming passages. On the roof of the building, a transparent domed or arched covering is installed, on the ground level of the building around all the perimeter the inclined transparent fence is designed. All the interfaces of the transparent constructions with heat-conducting elements of the building are designed providing moisture and thermal protection; in the private areas of the transparent gallery the pipelines with closed coolant circulation are mounted along the focal length line of parabolic solar radiation concentrators are located; the coolant pipes are placed in areas with limited functionality and / or providing the arrangement of warm floors.

EFFECT: enhanced consumer properties.

7 cl, 5 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the construction of residential and public buildings in central Russia and can be used to provide individual environmentally friendly living areas, in particular, in accordance with programs for creating local life-support systems, Green World, an international agency, Union of Technologies of the 21st Century.

Known according to the patent of the Russian Federation No. 2506374 (Application: 2012120021) a house with the possibility of location in remote places from settlements, equipped with an autonomous power supply system. The house includes residential and auxiliary premises, a greenhouse, a garage, rooms for pets,

a) an autonomous energy supply system includes solar collectors, a wind generator, a fuel cell,

b) the biochemical engine is a sphere, on the surface of which vegetative tubes are laid in a spiral form, in which conveyors are installed with plants placed in translucent capsules inserted into holders, interconnected by flexible chains, with a seedling chamber located in the upper part of the sphere and at the bottom of the harvesting chamber, connected through windows with return pipes mounted on the inner surface of the sphere,

c) an additional energy impulse for the holders is provided due to the chemical reaction of the polymer hydrogel in multistage nozzles, first in the dry state, and after the water is supplied to the nozzles by water pipes and the water is heated, the hydrogel raises the covers, including electromagnets, which raise the holders above the junction with the overlying compartment pipe, fixes its position in the overlying compartment, then turn off the electric heater in the downstream compartment, after which the water cools and the hydrogel with a lid lektromagnitom compartment falls to the bottom, then the cycle is repeated, and in seedling holders chambers filled capsules sprouts, and provides torque sphere around the central vertical axis, interacting with the drive gear. And further, the electric generator associated with the battery is sequentially driven into rotational motion.

The specified house provides a constant year-round autonomous supply of energy, food and personal transport. The building includes living and auxiliary facilities, as well as a garage, a greenhouse and rooms for pets. Much attention is paid here to reliable energy supply through renewable energy sources (sunshine and wind).

The main source of energy is a biochemical engine (at the same time - a source of fresh vitamins). The functioning of the engine is based on the property of growing plants to increase their mass during the growth process, as well as the ability of a polymer hydrogel to sharply change its volume depending on temperature.

An additional source is fuel cells that generate energy from ammonia formed during the decomposition of nitrogen-containing organic substances in animal rooms. The premises are provided with the appropriate temperature and humidity. Waste water heat is utilized. Building envelopes are provided with airgel-based thermal insulation; natural lighting of the rooms occurs through windows equipped with airgel instead of the usual staggered packets / Renaldo R. Frozen smoke and its capabilities. - Young scholar, 2008, No. 4, S. 14-18 /.

In the conditions of the North with a sunny climate, the construction of such a house is justified, however, its construction and maintenance is characterized by high cost and complexity. Auxiliary premises occupy most of the area of the house.

Famous eco-house, which is an energetically self-sufficient system that meets high sanitary-hygienic and environmental requirements. The ecohouse contains a housing with a heating system and a water supply system, the heating system is connected to a heat accumulator made in the form of a heat-insulating container under the housing of the ecohouse with a filler having high heat capacity, and with a solar collector located on the roof of the housing; the water supply system through the water supply system is connected to the water production unit; the glacier is connected through the air duct to the air conditioning system of the eco-house building, and the wind generator is in electrical communication with the electric power accumulator and with the consumers of electricity in the eco-house building. The plumbing assembly is connected by a pipeline to the bioreactor in the form of a tank having an outlet and a filter for biogas (RF patent No. 2334850, IPC Е04Н 1/00).

Mostly it is advisable to offer such an eco-house for individual development, and for the construction of an apartment building, the costs will increase significantly.

The closest invention is a patent of the Russian Federation for utility model No. 139730. Multifunctional vertical add-on modules, according to the patent, change the architecture and expand the functionality of buildings. The modules are placed on the facades of the building, contain a vertical power frame on the supports, the vertical frame has transverse beams and is connected to the building floors through horizontal connections. On horizontal connections, a bead is laid with a collar, followed by pouring with light concrete, in which pipes of the warm floor are laid. Enclosing structures around the perimeter of the module are made of double-glazed windows or polycarbonate coatings. At the base of the vertical modules, it is proposed to place structures from semi-arches with translucent coatings intended for arranging vertical landscaping in the form of greenhouses and greenhouses.

The described modules will expand the area of buildings and give an additional apartment additional functions (a kindergarten, a studio, etc.) for vertical gardening, establish high-tech plant growth, diversify people's lives, and make it more meaningful. However, additional illuminated areas, similar to glazed balconies, contribute more to the improvement of building facades and insufficiently use the capabilities of glazed fences to increase the comfort of living.

The above and similar technical and architectural and planning solutions, including translucent fencing, do not sufficiently expand the functionality of buildings and solve a limited range of tasks, which can be grouped as follows:

- as additional planning decisions near a residential building:

separate pavilions, arbors, greenhouses, greenhouses,

- as architectural solutions for the shape of buildings: the creation of observation platforms on the roofs under a transparent dome; to protect and illuminate the basement,

- as a structural and decorative element of buildings, for example, a terrace above a garage, a fence of balconies - including see prototype,

- for the walls of public buildings - for advertising purposes, for panoramic views. For example, the transparent walls of car dealerships,

- in office buildings to increase lighting and demonstrate the individuality of firms, companies, visual coverage of all office premises,

- to create all-weather public recreation areas, placement of large trading floors (car dealerships),

- fencing of balconies (protection from adverse conditions).

In all known buildings with the use of transparent walls, windows, and domes, the opportunity to create individual eco-zones for comfortable living in which solar radiation and heat is collected, accumulated and distributed is not used, and at the same time the possibility of collective communications between zones of the same level is created.

The technical task of the invention is to provide for each apartment the creation of individual environmentally friendly living areas by organizing at all levels of the building an additional single translucent territory with partitions in which comfortable living conditions are ensured by the use of solar radiation and heat.

Declares:

A modular building with enhanced consumer properties, including enclosing translucent structures, characterized in that the building is made of one- or multi-storey one- or multi-apartment buildings, while the outer wall of each apartment is made with the possibility of installation movements in the form of a single or sliding translucent structure, or with the possibility of separation on the window and doorway areas from double-glazed windows, or with the possibility of combining translucent structures mainly with the use of double-glazed windows and based on profile systems made of fiberglass composite, and based on the remote part of horizontal ceilings on the first and / or other floors, an external translucent facade fence is installed along the perimeter of the building with the formation at each level of the building of a translucent gallery, divided into private areas belonging to a separate apartment, by means of translucent solid partitions or with the formation of a passage, also relying on the roof of the building, a translucent dome or arched covering with the possibility of creating on the area roof and comfortable environment in the collective use and / or able to accommodate thermal power complex, and at the level of the basement floor of the building around the perimeter fence is inclined Translucent; moreover, all the interface surfaces of translucent structures with heat-conducting concrete and metal structures of the building are made with moisture and heat protection; In addition, in each private zone of the translucent gallery, it is possible to place pipelines with a closed loop circulation coolant along the focal length of parabolic solar radiation concentrators.

The outer walls of each apartment in the form of a translucent structure and a translucent facade fence are made mainly with the use of double-glazed windows or a combination of double-glazed windows based on profile systems made of fiberglass with other translucent structures. The translucent inclined guard of the basement is made of impact-resistant weather-resistant material, for example, polycarbonate.

Pipelines with a coolant are located in areas of limited functionality near the upper and / or lower zones of interfacing with horizontal ceilings and / or with the provision of underfloor heating.

Private areas at all levels of the modular building, including the roof and ground floor, form a complex of artificial living environment with enhanced consumer properties, including arbitrary ensembles from the list: green living room dining room, greenhouse, greenhouse, vegetarian, public recreation area, playground, technical creativity mugs , cafe, gymnasium, swimming pool, fitness room, gazebo, parking, garage, pet room, etc. The list does not exhaust the options for organizing a living environment in Close proximity to the living area.

In FIG. 1 shows a vertical section of a multi-story modular building with enhanced consumer properties; in FIG. 2 shows options for the execution of outer walls of double-glazed windows. Fill indicates the vertical supports of the building frame and horizontal floors; in FIG. 3 shows a sketch of a vertical section of a separate living room; in FIG. 4 shows a plan of a building with facade glazing around the perimeter; in FIG. Figure 5 shows an example of a building’s electric heating complex used under a dome.

The claimed invention allows to erect a modular building with an arbitrary ensemble of artificial living environment of an individual choice, providing maximum comfortable living within a multi-story urban area, or in areas with predominantly one-story buildings. The modular building is based on the principle of the plurality of typical cells and the uniformity of the technology of combining them to create buildings of various architectural styles. In relation to frame house building, for the installation of translucent galleries, the size of the translucent panels, their type (cellular or monolithic polycarbonate), the material and type of bonding of adjacent translucent panels, attachment points to remote horizontal ceilings with the provided moisture and heat protection at the junctions with actively heat-conducting materials are selected, which include concrete and metal structures and parts. Inside the zones formed by the installation of translucent walls, facade fencing and partitions, a comfortable living mode is ensured by using modern means of concentrating solar radiation and saving the received heat and light energy. For these purposes, reliable thermal insulation of translucent panels in places of possible heat removal is a necessary condition for the conservation of heat. An example of the implementation of the interface unit of translucent structures is not shown in the figures due to fame and a large selection of solutions for thermal insulation. For example, the choice of manufacturing windows, doors, walls from hi-tech level material - from a glass composite (unlike plastic and wood), is based on its properties such as:

- for thermal insulation corresponds to wood,

- withstands temperatures from minus 70 to +170 degrees,

- when heated does not emit toxic gases, fireproof,

- comparable in strength to steel, which allows you to install translucent structures on large openings of the type of wall,

- ensuring complete tightness, sound insulation, resistance to wind loads.

A modular building 1, in the general case is a multi-storey multi-unit building, characterized in that the outer wall 2 of each room (apartment) is made in the form of a single or sliding translucent solid structure, mainly using double-glazed windows with heat and energy-saving properties. From the experience of manufacturing translucent facades it is known that the use of such structures in the cold climate of Russia requires the implementation of measures to ensure strong, reliable and durable thermal insulation. According to the application, all the interface surfaces of translucent structures with heat-conducting concrete and metal structures of the building are made with moisture and heat protection. This applies to means of attachment to the frame of the room, to sealants, to adhesives, to pressure elements, etc. For this purpose, it has proved itself, for example, foam insulation. The best heat-saving properties, as well as the strength of the frame and protection against dust and noise, are provided by a composite material of profile systems for double-glazed windows - a glass composite.

The design of the outer wall in the form of a single or sliding translucent solid construction implies the following. If a door and a doorway are not provided in the outer wall, such a wall can be made in the form of a single 3 (Fig. 4) or composite with a glass window jumper and has the form of a window and the same technology for its installation. The area of the translucent wall can be reduced by its part 4 (Fig. 2), which is necessary for attaching heating radiators. On a wall with a radiator, for example, a composite double-glazed window is applicable. The wall with the provided exit to the outside can be made with maximum glazing, that is, a window from a double-glazed window 5 and an all-glass door 6, which can be made both hinged and sliding. The advantages of a double-glazed sliding door are only that the living space is saved and the light transmission increases, but also there is no threshold or only the frame profile plays its role, which visually combines the space of the room and the loggia, gallery. In the framework of modern housing trends, the outer wall is made in the form of a portal or panoramic door depending on the width of the opening with sliding sections 7 or in combination with stationary 8. All options are aimed at the possibility of applying the invention both for well-known standard projects of past years, and for modern ones ensuring maximum translucency of the outer wall, modern design and comfort in urban areas. All components of glass units 7 and 8 can be made sliding. The methods of wall construction using single and multi-chamber double-glazed windows allow individual projects to increase the area with a translucent fence, which is provided by the shift of the wall construction line, for example in the form of a portal door 9 (Figs. 1, 3, 4), inside the living room.

Based on the remote part 10 of the horizontal floor of the building, an external translucent facade fence 11 (Fig. 4) is installed around the perimeter of the building. For the manufacture of fencing, it is advisable to use lightweight durable flexible materials that are resistant to atmospheric precipitation and to different temperatures. Known material with these properties is polycarbonate. A translucent facade fence in combination with a translucent wall device led to the formation of a translucent gallery 12 at each level of the building, which is divided by translucent partitions 13 into private areas belonging to a separate apartment. Partitions 13 can be made continuous, isolating private areas or with the formation of the passage 14 (Fig. 3). The role of passages in the possibility of communication and in the possibility of ensuring air exchange modes and, as a result, heat protection (heat exchange decreases with still air).

A large area of translucent fences suggests the possibility of using solar radiation, but also requires additional measures for the accumulation and conservation of thermal solar energy. For this, in each private zone of the translucent gallery, that is, belonging to a separate apartment, collector pipelines 15 with a closed loop circulation coolant are located, containing sections fixed along the focal length of parabolic solar concentrators 16. A feature of parabolic concentrators, unlike flat or cylindrical ones, is that during the whole daylight hours, when the angle of incidence of sunlight on the reflective surface of the concentrator changes, the rays reflected by the entire surface of the concentrator, and not just its part, converge along the focal length line. The heating of the pipes of the collector 15, located along the focal line of such a concentrator, can reach high temperatures of 90 ° C or more in summer. Closed loop heat transfer is achieved by naturally mixing warm and cold flows. The intensity of mixing can be increased by low-power air compression of the coolant through the porous body. Efficient heating allows you to use the manifold pipe 15 for installing underfloor heating 17. Given the outside minus temperatures in winter, it is proposed to use antifreeze liquid used for heating radiators as a coolant in the collector pipes. To preserve useful space in the gallery, pipelines with coolant should be placed in areas of limited functionality near the upper (square pipe 18) and / or lower interface zones with horizontal ceilings 10. Inside the translucent gallery, subzero temperatures are practically excluded due to solar heating and accumulation of solar radiation, application thermal insulation when installing double-glazed windows and a rational choice of double-glazed windows PVC, wooden, from fiberglass composite. The ventilation of the translucent gallery as part of the living space is carried out through the ventilation ducts, and also in the design of the facade fence 11 there are windows 19 (Fig. 4) for ventilation.

According to the application, in addition to a translucent facade fence, a translucent dome or arched covering 20 is made on the roof of the building, which also solves the problem of creating a comfortable environment on the roof area in the collective use area on which solar radiation and thermal energy are collected, accumulated and distributed. Comfortable living conditions have an individual perception. But thanks to the use of translucent structures that protect the zones formed by them from noise, wind, adverse weather effects, and also allow you to concentrate sunlight and heat in the zones, the claimed modular building provides the creation of an artificial living environment with enhanced consumer properties, including arbitrary ensembles from the list: green living room dining room, greenhouse, greenhouse, vegetarian, public recreation area, playground, technical creativity clubs, cafe, gym, b swimming pool, fitness room, gazebo, parking, garage, pet room, etc.

In addition, the domed or arched translucent coating 20 on the roof of the building allows you to organize and combine the collective use area (gymnasium, greenhouse) with the territory of the compact distribution of the heat and power complex 21. The complex combines a heat generator directly converting the rotation of a wind turbine into a heating medium and a 22 h solar concentrator in the form of a parabolic cone. A pipe 23 is installed along the vertical focus line of the concentrator (Fig. 5), which is included in the coolant circulation circuit. The rotor of the wind drive 24 is outside the transparent dome 20. The solar radiation converter has advantages both in terms of efficient heating of the coolant throughout the daylight hours, and in terms of the vertical layout of the complex and the possibility of its safe location on the roof. The use of such an autonomous building heat supply complex is possible and appropriate on the roof of the inventive modular building to solve the problem of creating a year-round comfortable environment in private areas and in collective use areas with a translucent fence.

The electric heat supply complex is depicted in FIG. 5. The complex includes a solar concentrator 22 in the form of a parabolic cone with a vertical axis of the optical focus, which is mounted inside the translucent dome 20. At the focus of the concentrator is a vertical supporting square tube 23 included in the coolant circulation circuit. The storage tank 25 is mounted above the support pipe. On two sides of a vertical pipe without thermal insulation facing the solar concentrator, there are Peltier elements 26, which transfer heat to the heat carrier and also generate electricity. The heat generator of the complex 27 with the working magnetic fluid is immersed in a container 28 with thermo-accumulating material located in the storage tank 25. The ferromagnetic rotor of the heat generator 27 and the electric generator are kinematically connected with the rotor shaft of the wind drive 24, which is placed above the translucent coating of the building roof. Peltier elements are electrically connected in series and equipped with an electrical circuit that provides control of the operation of a heat generator with a ferromagnetic rotor, power to the pump and the accumulation of electrical energy by a buffer battery.

At the first level of the building, an inclined translucent fence 29 was made around the perimeter, relying on a warm foundation and fastened to the remote part of the ceiling 10 of the upper level of the house. Inside the additional useful areas formed by these translucent structures, a warm, dry, windless microclimate can be provided in the warm season. For all-weather conditions, a comfortable environment can be created by using solar energy in the summer, and in the cold season due to heat exchange radiators as part of an autonomous electrical heat supply complex installed under the dome of a modular building. The translucent inclined fence of the 29th basement not only protects the building’s foundation from flooding, but mainly allows landscaping and rational use of these areas below the first floor (workshop, garage, greenhouse, gymnasium).

The claimed invention provides for the creation of individual environmentally friendly habitats. This is achieved by the presence of a translucent wall while maintaining its heat-insulating properties. Modern production of double-glazed windows selects and uses for these purposes the appropriate materials (laminated, with low thermal conductivity). A translucent facade fence protects private areas, makes it possible to use solar radiation and thermal energy to organize greenhouses, recreation areas, sonation, etc., provides a perception of the territory of a translucent gallery as a single territory together with a living room, expands its borders, transfers the comfort of a suburban terrace houses with its vegetative landscape and clean air to each apartment of a multi-storey building. And options with sliding partitions that separate individual apartments, at the request of residents, create conditions for communication and communication. The panoramic area of the glazing of the external walls increases the comfort of the apartment and the quality of life, corresponds to modern translucent architecture. Modern double-glazed sliding doors can be equipped with control panels, which adds convenience and style.

Claims (7)

1. A modular building with enhanced consumer properties, including enclosing translucent structures, characterized in that the building is made of one or multi-storey one or multi-unit, while the outer wall of each apartment is made in the form of a single or sliding translucent structure, or with the possibility of dividing into zones window and doorway from double-glazed windows, or with the possibility of combining translucent structures, and relying on the remote part of the horizontal ceilings on the ground and / or other floors x an external translucent facade fence was installed around the perimeter of the building with the formation at each level of the building of a translucent gallery, divided into private areas belonging to a separate apartment, by means of translucent partitions, and also relying on the roof of the building, a translucent dome or arch coating was made with the possibility of creating a comfortable roof area environment in the territory of collective use and / or with the possibility of placing a heat and power complex, and at the level of the basement of the building around the perimeter of the fence is inclined Translucent; moreover, all the interface surfaces of translucent structures with heat-conducting concrete and metal structures of the building are made with moisture and heat protection; In addition, in each private zone of the translucent gallery, it is possible to place pipelines with a closed loop circulation coolant along the focal length of parabolic solar radiation concentrators. 2. The modular building according to claim 1, characterized in that the outer walls of each apartment and the facade fence are made mainly with the use of double-glazed windows based on profile systems from glass composite or a combination of double-glazed windows with other translucent structures. 3. The modular building according to claim 1, characterized in that the outer wall of each apartment in the form of a single, or sliding, or combined translucent structure is made with the possibility of installation movements. 4. The modular building according to claim 1, characterized in that the inclined basement fence is made of translucent impact-resistant material, mainly polycarbonate. 5. The modular building according to claim 1, characterized in that the translucent galleries are divided into private zones by means of translucent partitions made continuous or with the formation of a passage. 6. The modular building according to claim 1, characterized in that the pipelines with a coolant are located in zones of limited functionality near the upper and / or lower zones of interfacing with horizontal ceilings and / or with the provision of underfloor heating. 7. The modular building according to claim 1, characterized in that the private areas at all levels of the building, including the roof and ground floor, form a complex of artificial living environment with enhanced consumer properties, including arbitrary ensembles from the list: green living room dining room, greenhouse, greenhouse, vegetarian, public recreation area, playground, technical creativity clubs, cafe, gymnasium, swimming pool, fitness room, garden furniture, parking, garage, pet room, etc.

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