CA2607872A1 - Building integrated air flow generation and collection system - Google Patents
Building integrated air flow generation and collection system Download PDFInfo
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- CA2607872A1 CA2607872A1 CA002607872A CA2607872A CA2607872A1 CA 2607872 A1 CA2607872 A1 CA 2607872A1 CA 002607872 A CA002607872 A CA 002607872A CA 2607872 A CA2607872 A CA 2607872A CA 2607872 A1 CA2607872 A1 CA 2607872A1
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- building
- air flow
- collection system
- roofing
- flow generation
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- 239000012780 transparent material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 238000013022 venting Methods 0.000 claims description 19
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 claims description 10
- 230000001186 cumulative effect Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000003750 conditioning effect Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000008602 contraction Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 230000036561 sun exposure Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 7
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 3
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000029058 respiratory gaseous exchange Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004378 air conditioning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003491 array Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004035 construction material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005111 flow chemistry technique Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010348 incorporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005457 optimization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002459 sustained effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001131 transforming effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009423 ventilation Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
- E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
- E04B1/62—Insulation or other protection; Elements or use of specified material therefor
- E04B1/74—Heat, sound or noise insulation, absorption, or reflection; Other building methods affording favourable thermal or acoustical conditions, e.g. accumulating of heat within walls
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
- F24F5/00—Air-conditioning systems or apparatus not covered by F24F1/00 or F24F3/00, e.g. using solar heat or combined with household units such as an oven or water heater
- F24F5/0046—Air-conditioning systems or apparatus not covered by F24F1/00 or F24F3/00, e.g. using solar heat or combined with household units such as an oven or water heater using natural energy, e.g. solar energy, energy from the ground
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
- F24S20/00—Solar heat collectors specially adapted for particular uses or environments
- F24S20/60—Solar heat collectors integrated in fixed constructions, e.g. in buildings
- F24S20/66—Solar heat collectors integrated in fixed constructions, e.g. in buildings in the form of facade constructions, e.g. wall constructions
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
- F24S20/00—Solar heat collectors specially adapted for particular uses or environments
- F24S20/60—Solar heat collectors integrated in fixed constructions, e.g. in buildings
- F24S20/67—Solar heat collectors integrated in fixed constructions, e.g. in buildings in the form of roof constructions
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
- F24S23/00—Arrangements for concentrating solar-rays for solar heat collectors
- F24S23/70—Arrangements for concentrating solar-rays for solar heat collectors with reflectors
- F24S23/71—Arrangements for concentrating solar-rays for solar heat collectors with reflectors with parabolic reflective surfaces
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
- F24S23/00—Arrangements for concentrating solar-rays for solar heat collectors
- F24S23/70—Arrangements for concentrating solar-rays for solar heat collectors with reflectors
- F24S23/74—Arrangements for concentrating solar-rays for solar heat collectors with reflectors with trough-shaped or cylindro-parabolic reflective surfaces
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A30/00—Adapting or protecting infrastructure or their operation
- Y02A30/27—Relating to heating, ventilation or air conditioning [HVAC] technologies
- Y02A30/272—Solar heating or cooling
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
- Y02B10/00—Integration of renewable energy sources in buildings
- Y02B10/20—Solar thermal
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/40—Solar thermal energy, e.g. solar towers
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Sustainable Energy (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Sustainable Development (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Architecture (AREA)
- Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
- Electromagnetism (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Building Environments (AREA)
Abstract
Building integrated air flow generation and collection system implemented as its vented double layer roof made in form of two co-axial funnels inserted into one another and separated by plurality of intermediate vertical walls, all from a transparent material, where lower level roofing is connected to vertical transparent screen walls of said building to enclose plurality of thermal solar collectors that generate artificial air flow as a result of being heated by sun, and where natural air flows from winds are collected by the enclosures between said double roof levels and said intermediate walls, so that said generated and collected air flows are further combined together in the central connecting assembly which is located between said roof layers and supplied with openings and guiding vanes, directed towards the rotor of an autonomous energy converter and eventually let out of said building enclosure.
Description
BUILDING INTEGRATED AIR FLOW GENERATION AND COLLECTION
SYSTEM
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
Invention relates to energy efficient buildings, particularly, building enclosures that provide a combined method for interior climate conditioning and for distributed energy generation that is not dependent on outside sources for fuel or electricity.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
Proper design of building envelope is a common part of construction practice that is meant to provide comfortable interior climate conditions sustained by balanced energy consumption for this purpose during both summer and winter seasons.
Equally common is the fact that the comfortable interior climate conditions are reached in most cases by combining two main factors: proper structure of the building envelope itself through manipulation of the input level of sun radiation together with optimization of its thermal resistance, and usage of additional climate conditioning systems that rely on outside sources for fuel or electricity.
Known art examples of energy efficient buildings tend to make diverse approaches in order to eliminate or at least reduce amount of outside fuel or electricity needed for this purpose by using available renewable energy sources such as solar and wind.
Incorporation of air distribution system in form of air ducts into building structure is a common construction practice used for HVAC purposes - heat, ventilation and air conditioning. In some cases plurality of such air ducts is used for energy generation purposes by mounting of multiple small-size wind turbines on air duct exits as described in US Patents 3048066, 5123247, or by using a thermocouple unit within the housing structure as disclosed in US Patents 6857425.
Also know is prior art of building integrated conditioning and energy generation systems where solar collectors are incorporated into the roof and/or walls of the building, such as described in Canadian Patent 1196825; US Patents 4449347, 4967729,
SYSTEM
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
Invention relates to energy efficient buildings, particularly, building enclosures that provide a combined method for interior climate conditioning and for distributed energy generation that is not dependent on outside sources for fuel or electricity.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
Proper design of building envelope is a common part of construction practice that is meant to provide comfortable interior climate conditions sustained by balanced energy consumption for this purpose during both summer and winter seasons.
Equally common is the fact that the comfortable interior climate conditions are reached in most cases by combining two main factors: proper structure of the building envelope itself through manipulation of the input level of sun radiation together with optimization of its thermal resistance, and usage of additional climate conditioning systems that rely on outside sources for fuel or electricity.
Known art examples of energy efficient buildings tend to make diverse approaches in order to eliminate or at least reduce amount of outside fuel or electricity needed for this purpose by using available renewable energy sources such as solar and wind.
Incorporation of air distribution system in form of air ducts into building structure is a common construction practice used for HVAC purposes - heat, ventilation and air conditioning. In some cases plurality of such air ducts is used for energy generation purposes by mounting of multiple small-size wind turbines on air duct exits as described in US Patents 3048066, 5123247, or by using a thermocouple unit within the housing structure as disclosed in US Patents 6857425.
Also know is prior art of building integrated conditioning and energy generation systems where solar collectors are incorporated into the roof and/or walls of the building, such as described in Canadian Patent 1196825; US Patents 4449347, 4967729,
2 6582291, and 6912816. In these known art examples the solar radiation warmed air from the wall cavities or heat trap on building attic is ducted and circulated throughout the building. Known art may also include photovoltaic panels to produce electricity for fans and other electrical apparatus needed to capture, distribute, and store the collected heat.
Known art of a system for converting solar radiation to thermal energy and electricity is disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 4149525 and 6244062 as a pyramid shaped solar collector covered with a transparent dome and having heat absorbing and transfer system wound around said pyramid, and, in addition, photovoltaic cells that are disposed on at least a portion of said transparent dome.
Known art also describes so called heat pumps that transform terrestrial energy into some form of energy that is further used in dwelling.
Yet known are thermal solar collectors in form of a water pool that is installed on the roof of a building with the purpose of absorbing sun radiation and conditioning of the building premises.
Another known technological art is vented building attic that is designed to reduce the level of solar radiation and condition building premises.
Known are structures that are erected independently and are dedicated to creation and collection of artificial air flows for the only purpose of energy generation - so called tall towers or solar chimneys, such as described for example in French Patents 2,307,982 and 2,436,268; European Patents EP0891487, EP1589221 and EP1290342; US Patents 4686961, etc. Some known art of solar chimneys disclose tall tower with constricted zone, such as Venturi chamber, with wind turbine is positioned in it - United States Application 20030217551.
Known are as well natural air flow collection and conversion systems that are used exclusively for energy generation purpose and erected either independently such as horizontal axis wind turbines and vertical axis wind turbines, or mounted on the roof of a building, such as described in US Patents 6352473 and 6582291.
Known technological art discloses standalone systems that combine ability to generate electricity using both solar and wind as sources. Examples of such systems are described in US Patents 6157088, 6372978, 5103646, 4433544, United States Application 20050086937.
Known art of a system for converting solar radiation to thermal energy and electricity is disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 4149525 and 6244062 as a pyramid shaped solar collector covered with a transparent dome and having heat absorbing and transfer system wound around said pyramid, and, in addition, photovoltaic cells that are disposed on at least a portion of said transparent dome.
Known art also describes so called heat pumps that transform terrestrial energy into some form of energy that is further used in dwelling.
Yet known are thermal solar collectors in form of a water pool that is installed on the roof of a building with the purpose of absorbing sun radiation and conditioning of the building premises.
Another known technological art is vented building attic that is designed to reduce the level of solar radiation and condition building premises.
Known are structures that are erected independently and are dedicated to creation and collection of artificial air flows for the only purpose of energy generation - so called tall towers or solar chimneys, such as described for example in French Patents 2,307,982 and 2,436,268; European Patents EP0891487, EP1589221 and EP1290342; US Patents 4686961, etc. Some known art of solar chimneys disclose tall tower with constricted zone, such as Venturi chamber, with wind turbine is positioned in it - United States Application 20030217551.
Known are as well natural air flow collection and conversion systems that are used exclusively for energy generation purpose and erected either independently such as horizontal axis wind turbines and vertical axis wind turbines, or mounted on the roof of a building, such as described in US Patents 6352473 and 6582291.
Known technological art discloses standalone systems that combine ability to generate electricity using both solar and wind as sources. Examples of such systems are described in US Patents 6157088, 6372978, 5103646, 4433544, United States Application 20050086937.
3 Proposed invention is an improvement over existing known art in forming the subject of the invention as a building integrated air processing system that combines function to climate condition premises of said building with the capability to maintain designed power production level of an autonomous energy converter by means of supplying sufficient air flow for it on close to continuous bases.
Recently there has been increasing demand for environmentally clean renewable energy and particularly, so-called distributed energy sources. Distributed energy is understood as relatively small scale power units that are sufficient for powering a standalone building or small group of buildings. It is believed that distributed energy sources could be the most effective solution in remote areas where there is no developed power grid system.
Examples of such systems powered by renewable energy sources are small size wind turbines installed close to a residential or industrial building as well as solar collectors in form of photovoltaic arrays, whereas thermal solar collector systems are not known to be used for distributed energy generation, but rather for either conditioning purposes (walls Trombe) or water heating.
Additionally, all known art examples of environmentally clean distributed power generators are designed to work from only one type of renewable energy, and hence automatically turn out to be heavily dependable on its availability.
Accordingly it is an object of the subject invention to provide a new and improved air flow generation and collection system that is designed but not limited to supplying power for a building or small group of buildings without being connected to power grid.
It is an object of this invention to propose a new and improved building integrated air flow generation and collection system that is designed to control the comfort level inside the premises of said building without being dependable on outside sources for fuel or electricity.
It is an object of this invention to propose a new and improved air flow generation and collection system that is capable of producing and delivering power on somewhat close to permanent base rather then occasionally, subject to availability of particular renewable energy source.
Recently there has been increasing demand for environmentally clean renewable energy and particularly, so-called distributed energy sources. Distributed energy is understood as relatively small scale power units that are sufficient for powering a standalone building or small group of buildings. It is believed that distributed energy sources could be the most effective solution in remote areas where there is no developed power grid system.
Examples of such systems powered by renewable energy sources are small size wind turbines installed close to a residential or industrial building as well as solar collectors in form of photovoltaic arrays, whereas thermal solar collector systems are not known to be used for distributed energy generation, but rather for either conditioning purposes (walls Trombe) or water heating.
Additionally, all known art examples of environmentally clean distributed power generators are designed to work from only one type of renewable energy, and hence automatically turn out to be heavily dependable on its availability.
Accordingly it is an object of the subject invention to provide a new and improved air flow generation and collection system that is designed but not limited to supplying power for a building or small group of buildings without being connected to power grid.
It is an object of this invention to propose a new and improved building integrated air flow generation and collection system that is designed to control the comfort level inside the premises of said building without being dependable on outside sources for fuel or electricity.
It is an object of this invention to propose a new and improved air flow generation and collection system that is capable of producing and delivering power on somewhat close to permanent base rather then occasionally, subject to availability of particular renewable energy source.
4 It is an object of this invention to provide a new and improved building integrated air flow generation and collection system that has ability to combine and simultaneously use different renewable energy sources.
It is an object of this invention to propose means of constructing such system in a functional and cost effective way including construction, operation and maintenance costs.
It is yet another object of this invention to provide a new and improved building integrated air flow generation and collection system, which structure is capable of withstanding atmospheric forces including winds.
It is also object of this invention to propose a new and improved air flow generation and collection system that could be constructed using available techniques.
It is also object of this invention to provide a new and improved air flow generation and collection system that has a long life term.
It is also object of this invention to provide a new and improved air flow generation and collection system that has naturally integrated into environment and provides minimum aesthetic disturbances.
SUMMARY OF INVENTION
In accordance with these and many other objects, the subject invention provides a structural design of an air flow processing system that is integrated with the building and is capable of generating artificial air flows using thermal solar energy, collecting natural air flows that are coming in form of winds, combining said artificial and said natural air flows into one cumulative flow, and redirecting said cumulative air flow to an autonomous energy converter unit such as for example wind turbine.
The preferred art according to the proposed invention is based on a rational constructive schema where the weight of said air flow generation and collection system as well as the wind effect are fully taken up by the load bearing components of said building, allowing thereby to eliminate necessity in erection of a dedicated supporting high rise structures such as towers in solar chinmeys or horizontal axis wind turbines, while at the same time power production site gets located as close as possible to the consumption site, decreasing therefore dependability on connection to the power grid.
Proposed preferred embodiment allows thereby to significantly reduce the installation costs, and the amount of construction materials compared to the known art of
It is an object of this invention to propose means of constructing such system in a functional and cost effective way including construction, operation and maintenance costs.
It is yet another object of this invention to provide a new and improved building integrated air flow generation and collection system, which structure is capable of withstanding atmospheric forces including winds.
It is also object of this invention to propose a new and improved air flow generation and collection system that could be constructed using available techniques.
It is also object of this invention to provide a new and improved air flow generation and collection system that has a long life term.
It is also object of this invention to provide a new and improved air flow generation and collection system that has naturally integrated into environment and provides minimum aesthetic disturbances.
SUMMARY OF INVENTION
In accordance with these and many other objects, the subject invention provides a structural design of an air flow processing system that is integrated with the building and is capable of generating artificial air flows using thermal solar energy, collecting natural air flows that are coming in form of winds, combining said artificial and said natural air flows into one cumulative flow, and redirecting said cumulative air flow to an autonomous energy converter unit such as for example wind turbine.
The preferred art according to the proposed invention is based on a rational constructive schema where the weight of said air flow generation and collection system as well as the wind effect are fully taken up by the load bearing components of said building, allowing thereby to eliminate necessity in erection of a dedicated supporting high rise structures such as towers in solar chinmeys or horizontal axis wind turbines, while at the same time power production site gets located as close as possible to the consumption site, decreasing therefore dependability on connection to the power grid.
Proposed preferred embodiment allows thereby to significantly reduce the installation costs, and the amount of construction materials compared to the known art of
5 solar chimneys or wind turbines. At the same time the preferred embodiment is distinct by enhanced operating continuity of said autonomous energy converter due to the ability of the proposed art to combine different energy sources. Additional advantage of the proposed art is that said different energy sources are environmentally clean.
Air flow generation and collection system, according to the proposed preferred embodiment is implemented as a double layer roof, namely upper layer roofing (4) and lower layer roofing (3), of said building and incorporates following main components:
assembly dedicated to collection of artificial air flows generated by plurality of thermal solar energy collectors;
assembly dedicated to collection of natural air flows resulting from winds;
assembly dedicated to combination of said artificial and natural air flows into one cumulative air flow and its redirection;
autonomous energy converter dedicated to transforming energy of said cumulative air flow into another form of energy such as electrical or mechanical;
building or its load bearing structure, for example, concrete frame building, dedicated to supporting said main components of the proposed art while providing necessary conditions for their optimal functioning.
The preferred embodiment further contains:
said plurality of thermal solar energy collectors (8) as having three dimensional distribution pattern around said building (1) by including those located on the attic (12) of said building (1), those located on the ground next to the exterior walls (13) of said building (1), and those located on the ground further away from said exterior walls (13) of said building (1), while said thermal solar energy collectors being supplied with solar radiation concentrators having either horizontal or vertical orientation or both types together, so that, said horizontal concentrators are positioned on the attic slab as well as on the ground around said building (1), while said vertical concentrators are mounted on said exterior walls (13) of said building (1);
Air flow generation and collection system, according to the proposed preferred embodiment is implemented as a double layer roof, namely upper layer roofing (4) and lower layer roofing (3), of said building and incorporates following main components:
assembly dedicated to collection of artificial air flows generated by plurality of thermal solar energy collectors;
assembly dedicated to collection of natural air flows resulting from winds;
assembly dedicated to combination of said artificial and natural air flows into one cumulative air flow and its redirection;
autonomous energy converter dedicated to transforming energy of said cumulative air flow into another form of energy such as electrical or mechanical;
building or its load bearing structure, for example, concrete frame building, dedicated to supporting said main components of the proposed art while providing necessary conditions for their optimal functioning.
The preferred embodiment further contains:
said plurality of thermal solar energy collectors (8) as having three dimensional distribution pattern around said building (1) by including those located on the attic (12) of said building (1), those located on the ground next to the exterior walls (13) of said building (1), and those located on the ground further away from said exterior walls (13) of said building (1), while said thermal solar energy collectors being supplied with solar radiation concentrators having either horizontal or vertical orientation or both types together, so that, said horizontal concentrators are positioned on the attic slab as well as on the ground around said building (1), while said vertical concentrators are mounted on said exterior walls (13) of said building (1);
6 said assembly dedicated to collection of air flows from said thermal solar energy collectors (8) implemented as a combination of venting spaces (11) formed by vertical transparent screen walls (2) of said building (1) that surround said thermal solar energy collectors, and the attic space (12) of said building (1) formed by said lower level roofing (3) that is connected to said vertical transparent screen walls (2);
said assembly dedicated to collection of air flows from natural sources implemented as plurality of enclosures that are formed by said upper level roofing (4), said lower level roofing (3) and plurality of intermediate transparent walls (5) positioned between said layers of said double roof so that to allow for sufficient air intake into said natural air flow collection system regardless of wind direction;
said assembly dedicated to combination and redirection of said air flows of artificial and natural origins as a central hollow member (6) connected to said upper roofing (4), to said lower roofing (3) and to said intermediate walls (5), provided with openings and supplied with guiding vanes;
system of release windows (10) designated to prevent over-rotation of said autonomous energy converter (9);
system of air outlets designed to allow air passage of said combined air flow out of the enclosure of said building (1), and at the same time to prevent entrance of precipitations such as rain or snow inside the enclosure of said building.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
Additional structural design elements and advantages of the proposed invention are illustrated by drawings of the preferred embodiment of building integrated air flow generation and collection system, in which:
Fig. 1 is three dimensional view of the preferred embodiment Fig. 2a is longitudinal cross-section view of the preferred embodiment Fig. 2b is lateral cross-section view of the preferred embodiment with two additional cross-sections of the upper roofing (A-A) and the lower roofing (B-B) Fig. 3a is longitudinal cross-section view of the alternative preferred embodiment when vertical thermal collectors are incorporated into external walls of the building
said assembly dedicated to collection of air flows from natural sources implemented as plurality of enclosures that are formed by said upper level roofing (4), said lower level roofing (3) and plurality of intermediate transparent walls (5) positioned between said layers of said double roof so that to allow for sufficient air intake into said natural air flow collection system regardless of wind direction;
said assembly dedicated to combination and redirection of said air flows of artificial and natural origins as a central hollow member (6) connected to said upper roofing (4), to said lower roofing (3) and to said intermediate walls (5), provided with openings and supplied with guiding vanes;
system of release windows (10) designated to prevent over-rotation of said autonomous energy converter (9);
system of air outlets designed to allow air passage of said combined air flow out of the enclosure of said building (1), and at the same time to prevent entrance of precipitations such as rain or snow inside the enclosure of said building.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
Additional structural design elements and advantages of the proposed invention are illustrated by drawings of the preferred embodiment of building integrated air flow generation and collection system, in which:
Fig. 1 is three dimensional view of the preferred embodiment Fig. 2a is longitudinal cross-section view of the preferred embodiment Fig. 2b is lateral cross-section view of the preferred embodiment with two additional cross-sections of the upper roofing (A-A) and the lower roofing (B-B) Fig. 3a is longitudinal cross-section view of the alternative preferred embodiment when vertical thermal collectors are incorporated into external walls of the building
7 Fig. 3b is lateral cross-section view of the alternative preferred embodiment when vertical thermal collectors are incorporated into external walls of the building with two additional cross-sections of the upper roofing (A-A) and the lower roofing (B-B) Figs. 4 is longitudinal cross-section view of the alternative preferred embodiment when artificial air flow intake is provided through the system of special venting channels installed at a designed depth in the ground Fig. 5 is three-dimensional view of concentrating thermal solar collector Fig. 6 illustrates passages of said artificial and said natural air flows through the preferred embodiment DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF PREFERRED EMBODIMENT
The preferred embodiment of building integrated air flow generation and collection system consists of the following main elements as shown in Figs. 1-6:
building (1) itself or its load bearing system, vertical transparent screen walls (2), lower level transparent roofing (3), upper level transparent roofing (4), central connecting assembly (6), intermediate transparent walls (5), thermal solar collectors (8) positioned on the ground around said building (1) as well as on its attic (12), autonomous energy converter (9) located in the attic of said building (1) and air flow outlets (7).
Said air flow generation and collection system is implemented as being installed on said building (1) as its vented double roof consisting of two layers -lower (3) and upper (4), both made of a transparent material, for example enforced glass.
According to the proposed art said vented double roof has form of two co-axial funnels, having throat of said lower funnel (3) inserted into the upper funnel (4), supplied with openings (22) and provided with guiding vanes (23) to form said central connecting assembly (6).
Spaces (25) that are enclosed between said upper roofing (4) from the top, said lower roofing (3) from the bottom, and said intermediate walls (5) from the sides are used as collectors of said natural air flows that are further transferred into said central connecting assembly (6).
The preferred embodiment of building integrated air flow generation and collection system consists of the following main elements as shown in Figs. 1-6:
building (1) itself or its load bearing system, vertical transparent screen walls (2), lower level transparent roofing (3), upper level transparent roofing (4), central connecting assembly (6), intermediate transparent walls (5), thermal solar collectors (8) positioned on the ground around said building (1) as well as on its attic (12), autonomous energy converter (9) located in the attic of said building (1) and air flow outlets (7).
Said air flow generation and collection system is implemented as being installed on said building (1) as its vented double roof consisting of two layers -lower (3) and upper (4), both made of a transparent material, for example enforced glass.
According to the proposed art said vented double roof has form of two co-axial funnels, having throat of said lower funnel (3) inserted into the upper funnel (4), supplied with openings (22) and provided with guiding vanes (23) to form said central connecting assembly (6).
Spaces (25) that are enclosed between said upper roofing (4) from the top, said lower roofing (3) from the bottom, and said intermediate walls (5) from the sides are used as collectors of said natural air flows that are further transferred into said central connecting assembly (6).
8 Said preferred embodiment of building integrated air flow generation and collection system is made symmetrical, so that the winds coming from any direction get collected and redirected in the same way towards the rotor of said autonomous energy converter (9), allowing therefore to eliminate special mechanisms that are used in known art devices for turning them into the wind: rotation supporting systems and rotation drive systems such as yaw mechanism and guiding vane.
Said upper level roofing (4) is supplied with plurality of release windows (10) designated to prevent over-rotation of said autonomous energy converter (9) by providing them ability to open, hereby letting out excess of said natural air flow, and automatically close back into normal (closed) position after emergency is off.
Said lower level roofing (3) is positioned at a designed slope and within a designed distance from the attic slab of said building (1) so that sufficient attic space (12) is accommodated for the plurality of said thermal solar collectors (8) to be installed there, and allow for the passage for said artificial air flow with optimal dynamic small flow losses. Additionally, said lower level roofing (3) is made protruding beyond exterior contour of said building (1) by a designed width and connected along all its perimeter to said vertical transparent screen walls (2), so that the venting spaces (11) that are left between the exterior walls (13) of said building (1) and said transparent screen walls (2) are sufficient to accommodate for the plurality of said thermal solar collectors (8) installed on ground around said building (1) and allow for the air intake with optimal dynamic small flow losses.
As shown on Fig.5 said thermal solar collectors (8) are made as thermal accumulating tubes (15) filled with appropriate liquid such as water, oil, etc..., installed on columns (17) and provided with solar radiation concentrators that focus sun beams on said thermal accumulating tubes (15). Proposed preferred embodiment distinguishes said solar radiation concentrators in form of vertical parabolic or spherical mirrors (14) that are installed on the walls (13) of said building (1), and in form of horizontal parabolic or spherical mirrors (16) that are positioned on available horizontal surfaces on and around said building (1).
In order to facilitate access to said building, said transparent screen walls (2) are made shorter then said building walls (13) and do not reach the ground by approximately
Said upper level roofing (4) is supplied with plurality of release windows (10) designated to prevent over-rotation of said autonomous energy converter (9) by providing them ability to open, hereby letting out excess of said natural air flow, and automatically close back into normal (closed) position after emergency is off.
Said lower level roofing (3) is positioned at a designed slope and within a designed distance from the attic slab of said building (1) so that sufficient attic space (12) is accommodated for the plurality of said thermal solar collectors (8) to be installed there, and allow for the passage for said artificial air flow with optimal dynamic small flow losses. Additionally, said lower level roofing (3) is made protruding beyond exterior contour of said building (1) by a designed width and connected along all its perimeter to said vertical transparent screen walls (2), so that the venting spaces (11) that are left between the exterior walls (13) of said building (1) and said transparent screen walls (2) are sufficient to accommodate for the plurality of said thermal solar collectors (8) installed on ground around said building (1) and allow for the air intake with optimal dynamic small flow losses.
As shown on Fig.5 said thermal solar collectors (8) are made as thermal accumulating tubes (15) filled with appropriate liquid such as water, oil, etc..., installed on columns (17) and provided with solar radiation concentrators that focus sun beams on said thermal accumulating tubes (15). Proposed preferred embodiment distinguishes said solar radiation concentrators in form of vertical parabolic or spherical mirrors (14) that are installed on the walls (13) of said building (1), and in form of horizontal parabolic or spherical mirrors (16) that are positioned on available horizontal surfaces on and around said building (1).
In order to facilitate access to said building, said transparent screen walls (2) are made shorter then said building walls (13) and do not reach the ground by approximately
9 the length of said thermal collector columns (17); columns that support said transparent screen walls (2) are not shown in Fig.5 for simplicity. Alternatively, said transparent screen walls (2) are made full length, but provided with means to access said building (1) such as entrance doors or gates, as well as means of air intake into said venting spaces (11), such as for example plurality of breathing windows (27) in said screen walls (2) or plurality of special venting channels (24) as shown in Fig.4.
Venting spaces (11) that are enclosed between said building walls (13) and said transparent screen walls (2) as well as the space of said building attic (12) are used as a collector of said artificial air flows - natural convection flows that are generated due to the difference in air temperatures inside and outside the envelope formed by said transparent screen walls (2) and said lower level roofing (3) of said building (1).
Said gradient of air temperatures gets established due to the heating of the air inside said transparent screen walls (2) and roofing (3) through convection and radiation mechanisms from said thermal solar collector tubes (15) that are heated in their own turn by concentrated sun beams. Making use of the entire height of said building (1) including height of said attic (12) all the way to the level of said air flow outlet (7) is as essential for efficient generation of said artificial air flow as it is in the known art of solar chimneys, where a special high tower is erected with this single purpose. Proposed preferred embodiment does not require erection of a dedicated high rise structure and uses instead its natural features - height of its load bearing system, vertical surfaces of walls and available horizontal surfaces.
Fig. 6 illustrates diagram of said artificial and natural air flow passages through the preferred embodiment. Artificial air flow (18) is established by outside air intake into said vertical venting space (11) and is further driven through said attic (12) and up through said central assembly (6) of said double roofing. At the same time natural air flow (19) is driven into said natural air flow collector space (25) between said upper roofing (4), said lower roofing (3) and said intermediate vertical walls (5) and further into the openings (22) in said central assembly (6), where it is redirected by said guiding vanes (23) and combined together with said artificial air flow (18) into a single cumulative air flow (20) that is further supplied towards the rotor of said autonomous energy converter (9) and eventually released from the enclosure of said build (1) through said air flow outlets (7) as a resulting air flow (21).
Alternatively, Fig. 3 illustrates preferred embodiment where said vertical venting spaces (11) are incorporated into the structure of exterior walls (13) of said building (1) 5 together with plurality of vertical thermal solar energy collectors, while horizontal thermal solar energy collectors have the same trough design as said vertical thermal solar energy collectors and are connected to them at their lower and upper ends. Venting spaces (11) get transformed in such alternative preferred embodiment into venting ducts that might be extended into the attic (12) and used to provide improved distribution of
Venting spaces (11) that are enclosed between said building walls (13) and said transparent screen walls (2) as well as the space of said building attic (12) are used as a collector of said artificial air flows - natural convection flows that are generated due to the difference in air temperatures inside and outside the envelope formed by said transparent screen walls (2) and said lower level roofing (3) of said building (1).
Said gradient of air temperatures gets established due to the heating of the air inside said transparent screen walls (2) and roofing (3) through convection and radiation mechanisms from said thermal solar collector tubes (15) that are heated in their own turn by concentrated sun beams. Making use of the entire height of said building (1) including height of said attic (12) all the way to the level of said air flow outlet (7) is as essential for efficient generation of said artificial air flow as it is in the known art of solar chimneys, where a special high tower is erected with this single purpose. Proposed preferred embodiment does not require erection of a dedicated high rise structure and uses instead its natural features - height of its load bearing system, vertical surfaces of walls and available horizontal surfaces.
Fig. 6 illustrates diagram of said artificial and natural air flow passages through the preferred embodiment. Artificial air flow (18) is established by outside air intake into said vertical venting space (11) and is further driven through said attic (12) and up through said central assembly (6) of said double roofing. At the same time natural air flow (19) is driven into said natural air flow collector space (25) between said upper roofing (4), said lower roofing (3) and said intermediate vertical walls (5) and further into the openings (22) in said central assembly (6), where it is redirected by said guiding vanes (23) and combined together with said artificial air flow (18) into a single cumulative air flow (20) that is further supplied towards the rotor of said autonomous energy converter (9) and eventually released from the enclosure of said build (1) through said air flow outlets (7) as a resulting air flow (21).
Alternatively, Fig. 3 illustrates preferred embodiment where said vertical venting spaces (11) are incorporated into the structure of exterior walls (13) of said building (1) 5 together with plurality of vertical thermal solar energy collectors, while horizontal thermal solar energy collectors have the same trough design as said vertical thermal solar energy collectors and are connected to them at their lower and upper ends. Venting spaces (11) get transformed in such alternative preferred embodiment into venting ducts that might be extended into the attic (12) and used to provide improved distribution of
10 artificial air flows throughout the area of said attic (12).
Alternatively, right side of Fig. 4 illustrates preferred embodiment and passage through it of said artificial air flow in winter conditions, when temperature of the ground is higher then the ambient temperature. Artificial air flow is driven through dedicated air inlets (26) into said plurality of special venting channels (24) that are installed at a known depth in the ground around said building (1) where it is preheated by earth, further redirected into said vertical venting space (11) from where it undergoes standard for the preferred art passage through said attic (12) and up through said central assembly (6) towards said autonomous energy converter (9) and eventually leaves the enclosure of said build (1) through said air flow outlets (7) as a resulting air flow (21).
Alternatively, as shown in left side of Fig. 4, in summer conditions when temperature of the ground is lower then the ambient temperature, air intake into said vertical venting spaces (11) is done through said plurality of breathing windows (27) in said screen wall (2), while said dedicated air inlets (26) are closed.
Alternatively, right side of Fig. 4 illustrates preferred embodiment and passage through it of said artificial air flow in winter conditions, when temperature of the ground is higher then the ambient temperature. Artificial air flow is driven through dedicated air inlets (26) into said plurality of special venting channels (24) that are installed at a known depth in the ground around said building (1) where it is preheated by earth, further redirected into said vertical venting space (11) from where it undergoes standard for the preferred art passage through said attic (12) and up through said central assembly (6) towards said autonomous energy converter (9) and eventually leaves the enclosure of said build (1) through said air flow outlets (7) as a resulting air flow (21).
Alternatively, as shown in left side of Fig. 4, in summer conditions when temperature of the ground is lower then the ambient temperature, air intake into said vertical venting spaces (11) is done through said plurality of breathing windows (27) in said screen wall (2), while said dedicated air inlets (26) are closed.
Claims (13)
1. Building integrated air flow generation and collection system designed for .cndot. conditioning of said building by means of reducing the amount of solar radiation load on it, .cndot. powering autonomous energy converter positioned in the attic of said building by means of supplying to it a cumulative air flow that derives from artificial air flow generated by plurality of thermal solar collectors, and natural air flow resulting from winds coming to said building from various directions, and implemented as a vented double layer roof of said building (1) consisting of upper level roofing (4), lower level roofing (3), central connecting assembly (6), and intermediate walls (5), where all said roof components are maid from transparent material, and where said intermediate walls (5) are connecting said upper roofing (4) with said lower roofing (3) and with said central connecting assembly (6), and where said central connecting assembly is provided with system of openings (22) and guiding vanes (23), and where said lower level roofing (3) is provided with a slope that is sufficient to accommodate for plurality of said thermal solar collectors (8) on the attic (12) of said building (1), is made protruding beyond exterior contour of said building (1), and is connected along all it perimeter to the vertical transparent screen walls (2) of said building (1) so that the venting spaces (11) between the walls (13) of said building (1) and said transparent screen walls (2) are sufficient to accommodate for plurality of said thermal solar collectors (8) that are positioned on the ground around the perimeter of said building (1), and where the enclosures (25) between said upper roofing (4), lower roofing (3), and said intermediate walls (5) are used as collectors of said natural air flows, that are fed into said central connecting assembly (6), where they are further redirected and combined with said generated artificial air flow into a single cumulative air flow that is transferred through the rotor of said autonomous energy converter (9), and eventually is let out of the enclosure of said building (1) using plurality of venting outlets (7).
2. Building integrated air flow generation and collection system defined in claim 1 where said upper level roofing (4) and lower level roofing (3) are made in form of co-axial funnels and oriented so that the throat (6) of said lower level funnel-shaped roofing (3) is inserted into said upper level roofing (4), provided with system of openings (22) and guiding vanes (23), and used as said central connecting assembly.
3. Building integrated air flow generation and collection system defined in claim 1 where said upper level roofing (4) is supplied with plurality of release windows (10) that are designed to open and prevent over-rotation of said autonomous energy converter (9) by letting out excess of said natural air flow and automatically close back into normal position after emergency is off
4. Building integrated air flow generation and collection system defined in claim 1 where said vertical transparent screen walls (2) of said building (1) do not reach the ground and stop at the designed height from it that is sufficient to provide an easy access to said building (1)
5. Building integrated air flow generation and collection system defined in claim 1 where said plurality of thermal solar energy collectors is provided a three dimensional distribution pattern on and around said building (1)
6. Building integrated air flow generation and collection system defined in claim 1 where said vertical venting spaces (11) are incorporated into the structure of the exterior walls (13) of said building (1) together with plurality of vertical thermal solar energy collectors, while horizontal thermal solar energy collectors have the same design as said vertical thermal solar energy collectors, are connected to them at their lower and upper ends, and extended into the attic area.
7. Building integrated air flow generation and collection system defined in claim 1 where position of the shaft of said autonomous energy converter (9) coincides with the symmetry axis of said co-axial double funnel-shaped roof
8. Building integrated air flow generation and collection system defined in claim 1 where said central assembly (6) of said double roofing has contraction zone with said autonomous energy converter (9) located in it
9. Building integrated air flow generation and collection system defined in claim 1 where only load bearing system of said building (1), namely skeleton of a concrete frame building without its slabs and walls, is used in order to support said air flow generation and collection system, and where all said horizontal thermal energy collectors are installed on the ground
10. Building integrated air flow generation and collection system defined in claim 1 where said thermal solar collectors are positioned on the ground only from the side/sides of the building that get the most sun exposure.
11. Building integrated air flow generation and collection system defined in claim 1 where said thermal solar collectors are positioned on the ground in multiple rows.
12. Building integrated air flow generation and collection system defined in claim 1 where said vertical transparent screen walls (2) of said building (1) reach the ground and are provided with plurality of doors/gates, so that in summer conditions said artificial air flow is fed into said venting space (11) through said plurality of doors/gates, while in winter conditions said artificial air flow is fed into said venting space (11) through a system of venting channels that are made at a designed depth in the ground.
13. Building integrated air flow generation and collection system defined in claim 1 where concentrating horizontal mirrors (16) of said thermal solar collectors are maid perforated in order to decrease dynamic small losses for said artificial air flow as well as to increase sun light exposure underneath said horizontal concentrating mirrors (16).
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA002607872A CA2607872A1 (en) | 2007-10-22 | 2007-10-22 | Building integrated air flow generation and collection system |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA002607872A CA2607872A1 (en) | 2007-10-22 | 2007-10-22 | Building integrated air flow generation and collection system |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA2607872A1 true CA2607872A1 (en) | 2009-04-22 |
Family
ID=40580727
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA002607872A Abandoned CA2607872A1 (en) | 2007-10-22 | 2007-10-22 | Building integrated air flow generation and collection system |
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| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CA (1) | CA2607872A1 (en) |
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