CN102561547A - Photovoltaic phase transition heat-storing energy-saving wall body system - Google Patents

Abstract

This technology provides a photovoltaic phase change heat storage energy-saving wall system, which adopts a modular system and has a simple structure, which can realize self-cooling, heat recovery and utilization, and improve photoelectric conversion efficiency. It includes photovoltaic cell modules (1), adjustable air vent louvers (5-8), fan (9), adjustable heat shielding louvers (10) and phase change thermal storage energy-saving wall panel modules (12); adjustable heat shielding louvers (10) Installed at the cavity (11) between the photovoltaic cell module (1) and the phase change thermal storage energy-saving wall panel module (12), the fan (9) that guides the air flow in the cavity (11) is installed at In the cavity (11) or near the mouth of the cavity (11); the adjustable air outlet louvers (5) are on the upper part of the outer side of the photovoltaic phase change heat storage energy-saving wall, and the adjustable air outlet louvers (6) are on the upper part of the inner side of the wall , the adjustable air outlet louvers (7) are located at the outer lower part of the photovoltaic phase change thermal storage energy-saving wall, and the adjustable air outlet shutters (8) are located at the inner lower part of the photovoltaic phase change thermal storage energy-saving wall.

Description

Photovoltaic phase change heat storage energy-saving wall system

technical field

This technology involves the photoelectric efficiency of solar photovoltaic cell components installed on the building and the heat utilization on the back of the photovoltaic panel. The combination of thermal materials and traditional building materials, as well as the combined effect of adjustable louvers and fans, control the temperature on the back of photovoltaic cell modules and improve the efficiency of photovoltaic power generation in buildings. At the same time, according to the climate in different seasons, the louvers and fans are used to control whether the phase-change thermal storage wall absorbs and releases heat, and adjusts the indoor thermal comfort.

Background technique

The first attempts to use phase change materials date back to the development and construction of passive solar collectors in the 1940s. Temporarily store excess thermal energy and then release it to the interior. This task requires materials with a high degree of admittance (i.e. energy storage capacity). Materials with a particularly high heat storage capacity can be used in the basic construction to increase the effective thermal energy accumulation. They are also less efficient due to the generally lower admittance of building materials. When using heat storage methods, if you can't change the physical state and you want to get a lot of heat, you need a very heavy device with a huge surface area. In this regard, phase change materials are very promising as this new type of material, because this material can store a large amount of heat in a relatively small temperature range, while being very light in weight.

The research on the application of phase change materials to building materials began in 1982, and the technology of using phase change materials to process building materials (such as gypsum boards, wall panels, and concrete components, etc.) began to develop in the 1990s. Subsequently, phase change materials were studied and applied in building materials such as concrete test blocks and gypsum wallboards. In 1999, foreign countries used phase change materials in wall panels or light concrete prefabricated panels and floors to maintain a suitable indoor temperature.

Domestic research on phase change building materials started relatively late. In the past two years, Beijing Guangyu Phase Change Technology Co., Ltd. has cooperated with several top domestic research institutions to study the efficient combination of phase change materials, and jointly developed phase change material microcapsules. Phase change materials are made into microcapsules and then mixed with building materials, which opens up a wider world for the application of phase change materials in building insulation materials. However, phase change material microcapsules still have some problems in terms of building materials, such as low thermal conductivity, poor stability, short life, not easily compatible with building materials, and poor plasticity.

At the same time, photovoltaic buildings have been plagued by the problem that the backside temperature of photovoltaic panels is too high, which leads to a decrease in power generation efficiency. The effect of temperature on the power generation efficiency and lifetime of crystalline silicon PV modules and photovoltaic arrays is well known. The photoelectric conversion efficiency of most PV arrays is largely affected by temperature. As the temperature of the working environment increases, its efficiency will be greatly reduced; at the same time, the life of PV will also be shortened.

Aiming at the efficiency and life problems faced by phase change materials, lightweight building structures and photovoltaic buildings, this technology designs a photovoltaic phase change heat storage energy-saving wall system, which has practical value and innovative significance for efficient use of solar energy, energy saving and emission reduction.

Contents of the invention

The purpose of this technology is to provide a photovoltaic phase change heat storage energy-saving wall system, which adopts a modular system and has a simple structure, which can realize self-cooling, heat recovery and utilization, and improve photoelectric conversion efficiency.

The photovoltaic phase change thermal storage energy-saving wall system includes photovoltaic cell components 1, adjustable air vent louvers 5-8, fans 9, adjustable heat-shielding louvers 10 and phase-change thermal storage energy-saving wall panel modules 12; adjustable heat-shielding louvers 10 is installed at the cavity 11 between the photovoltaic cell assembly 1 and the phase change heat storage energy-saving wall panel module 12, and the fan 9 that guides the air flow in the cavity 11 is installed in the cavity 11 or near the cavity 11 mouth; The adjustable tuyere louvers 5 are on the upper part of the outer side of the photovoltaic phase change thermal storage energy-saving wall, the adjustable tuyere louvers 6 are on the upper part of the inner side of the wall, and the adjustable tuyere louvers 7 are on the outer lower part of the photovoltaic phase change thermal storage energy-saving wall. The air regulating port louvers 8 are at the inner lower part of the photovoltaic phase change thermal storage energy-saving wall body.

The form of the photovoltaic cell assembly is not limited, and the connection structure between the photovoltaic cell assembly and the phase-change thermal storage energy-saving wall depends on the specific form of the photovoltaic cell assembly (such as framed, frameless, or thin film, etc.), so it has certain flexibility. sex. The adjustable heat-shielding louvers are located in the cavity between the photovoltaic cell module and the phase-change heat storage and energy-saving wall panel module. The blades of the adjustable heat-shielding louvers can rotate at any angle to block heat radiation and control the phase change in different seasons. Whether the thermal storage energy-saving wall panel module absorbs or releases heat. The adjustable tuyere louvers control the opening and closing of each adjustable tuyere louver and the corresponding degree according to different climatic conditions, thereby controlling the working state of the photovoltaic phase change heat storage energy-saving wall system. The fan is located in the cavity between the photovoltaic cell assembly and the phase change heat storage energy-saving wall panel module or above or below the cavity, and mainly guides the air flow in the cavity.

The phase-change heat storage and energy-saving wall system has corresponding working conditions for several different climatic conditions in winter (summer) with or without the sun during the day and at night in winter (summer), which can reduce indoor cooling/heating loads and improve Photovoltaic power generation efficiency, the specific working status is as follows:

When there is sun during the daytime in winter, the adjustable tuyere louvers 5 and 8 are closed, the adjustable tuyere louvers 6 and 7 are opened, and the adjustable heat shielding louvers 10 is opened. Outdoor fresh cold air enters from the adjustable tuyere louvers 7, and enters the room from the adjustable tuyere louvers 6 after being heated by the cavity 11. When the adjustable heat-shielding louvers 10 are opened, the phase-change thermal storage wall begins to absorb solar radiation heat and store energy.

For winter night or when there is no sun during the winter day, the four adjustable air outlet louvers 5-8 are all closed, and the adjustable heat-shielding louvers 10 are closed to reduce the heat loss of the thermal storage wall radiated outward.

When there is sun during the daytime in summer, the adjustable air outlet louvers 5 and 7 are opened, the adjustable air outlet louvers 6 and 8 are all closed, the adjustable heat-shielding louvers 10 are closed, and the fan 9 is opened, which can reduce the temperature of the photovoltaic panel and reduce the indoor cooling. load.

For summer night or summer daytime when there is no sun and the outdoor is cooler than the indoor, the four adjustable air outlet louvers 5-8 are all opened, and the adjustable heat-shielding louvers 10 are opened to realize natural ventilation to adjust the indoor environment. the

For summer nights or summer days when there is no sun and the outdoor is hotter than the indoor, the adjustable air vent louvers 6 are closed, the adjustable air vent louvers 5, 7 and 8 are opened, the adjustable heat shielding louvers 10 are closed, and the fan 9 is opened to realize mechanical ventilation Cool down.

Therefore, the beneficial effect of this technology: compared with the prior art, this technology is not only simple in design, convenient, flexible, and low in installation cost, but also can use the heat on the back of the photovoltaic cell module, and improve the efficiency of building photovoltaic power generation. It is of great significance in building applications and can further promote the innovative application of building energy conservation.

In the above-mentioned photovoltaic phase change thermal storage energy-saving wall system, the fan 9 is installed above the adjustable heat-shielding louvers 10 .

In the above-mentioned photovoltaic phase change heat storage energy-saving wall system, the phase change heat storage energy-saving wall panel module 12 includes a prefabricated reinforced concrete hollow wall panel 18, and a phase-change building seal sealed in the hollow part of the prefabricated reinforced concrete hollow wall panel 18. Material 3. The phase-change heat storage and energy-saving wall panel module 12 also includes an inner insulation layer 4 located inside the prefabricated reinforced concrete hollow wall panel 18 , and includes pre-embedded connectors fixed on the prefabricated reinforced concrete hollow wall panel 18 . The phase change material 3 for construction is paraffin, polyoxyethylene, crystalline squaraine, alkanes, esters and mixtures thereof, and its phase change temperature is 23-26°C. When the room temperature changes outside this range, the phase change material melts or solidifies to absorb or release heat. The phase-change material for construction in the phase-change heat storage and energy-saving wall panel module is sealed in a certain shape in the hollow part of the reinforced concrete. The specific form is that the reinforced concrete wall panel is prefabricated into a hollow shape, and the shape of the hollow part can be a rectangle. , square, trapezoidal, polygonal, elliptical or circular and other shapes, the maximum size can be controlled within the range of 20-30mm, and arranged in a certain sequence. At the same time, three connectors are pre-embedded in the prefabricated reinforced concrete hollow wall panels to form a phase-change heat storage and energy-saving wall panel module. The modularized design of the phase-change heat storage and energy-saving wall is composed of unified prefabricated modules with appropriate modulus, which facilitates the realization of industrialized production. For rooms where natural ventilation is absolutely dominant, the effect will be better if there is no inner insulation layer and plastering is done directly.

In the above-mentioned photovoltaic phase change thermal storage energy-saving wall system, the wind entering the adjustable tuyere louvers 7 is cool wind, such as tunnel wind or water surface wind.

In the above-mentioned photovoltaic phase change thermal storage energy-saving wall system, the adjustable heat-shielding louvers 10 are coated with high-reflectivity materials.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is the sectional schematic diagram of this technology;

Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of the first structure of the phase change heat storage energy-saving wallboard module in the present technology;

Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of the second structure of the phase change heat storage energy-saving wall panel module in this technology;

Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of the third structure of the phase change heat storage energy-saving wallboard module in the present technology;

Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of the assembly of the phase change heat storage energy-saving wall panel module;

Figure 6 is a schematic diagram of the technical system.

Detailed ways

Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, this technology is further described:

As shown in FIG. 1 , the photovoltaic phase change heat storage energy-saving wall system includes photovoltaic cell modules 1 , adjustable tuyere louvers 5-8 , fan 9 , adjustable heat-shielding louvers 10 and phase change heat storage energy-saving wall panel modules 12 . The form of the photovoltaic cell assembly 1 is not limited, and the connection structure between the photovoltaic cell assembly 1 and the phase-change thermal storage energy-saving wall 2 depends on the specific form of the photovoltaic cell assembly 1 (such as framed, frameless, or film, etc.), so Have a certain flexibility. The photovoltaic phase-change thermal storage energy-saving wall 2 is assembled from phase-change thermal storage energy-saving wall panel modules 12 . The photovoltaic cell module 1 is combined with the phase-change heat storage energy-saving wall, and under the common control of the adjustable tuyere louvers 5-8, the fan 9 and the adjustable heat-shielding louvers 10, the photovoltaic/heat collection building integration is realized.

The phase change heat storage energy-saving wall system has corresponding working conditions for several different climatic conditions in winter (summer) with or without the sun during the day and at night in winter (summer), which can reduce indoor cooling/heating loads and improve photovoltaic power generation efficiency . Take the daytime sun in winter as an example (as shown in Figure 1), the energy-saving wall system is in the working state where the adjustable air vent louvers 5 and 8 are closed, the adjustable air vent louvers 6 and 7 are open, and the adjustable heat shielding louver 10 is open . At this time, outdoor fresh cold air enters from the adjustable air outlet louvers 7, and enters the room from the adjustable air outlet louvers 6 after being heated by the cavity 11. At the same time, it is ensured that the temperature on the back side of the photovoltaic cell module 1 will not be too high, so as to improve the efficiency of photovoltaic power generation. When the adjustable heat-shielding louvers 10 are opened, the phase-change thermal storage wall begins to absorb solar radiation heat and store energy. the

As shown in Figures 2-4, the phase-change heat storage energy-saving wall panel module 12 is composed of a prefabricated reinforced concrete hollow wall panel 18, a phase-change material 3 for construction and embedded connectors 13-15. The shape of the hollow cavity of the prefabricated reinforced concrete hollow wall panel 18 can be rectangular, square, trapezoidal, polygonal, elliptical or circular (as shown in Figure 2-4), and arranged in a certain sequence. The phase change material 3 for construction is sealed inside the hollow cavity of the prefabricated reinforced concrete hollow wall panel 18 . At the same time, the prefabricated reinforced concrete hollow wall panels 18 are also pre-embedded with connectors 13-15, and together with the phase-change materials 3 for construction, form the phase-change thermal storage and energy-saving wall panel module 12 .

The phase-change heat storage and energy-saving wall adopts a modular design, which is composed of uniform prefabricated modules with an appropriate modulus, which is convenient for industrialized production.

As shown in Figure 5, the phase-change heat storage and energy-saving wallboard modules 12 are connected through the combination of connectors 13-15 and connectors 16 to form a wall frame system, and insulation materials 17 are filled between adjacent modules to ensure that the walls body thermal performance.

As shown in FIG. 6 , the adjustable heat-shielding louvers 10 are installed in the cavity 11 between the photovoltaic cell assembly 1 and the phase-change heat storage and energy-saving wall panel module 12 , and ensure that the cavity 11 has a certain space for air circulation. The adjustable heat-shielding louvers 10 are coated with high-reflectivity materials, and the angle can be adjusted according to actual needs to control the influence of heat radiation on the phase-change thermal storage and energy-saving wall panel module 12 .

installation steps:

The first step is to calculate the heat capacity required by the outer envelope according to the climate conditions in various places (mainly the daily difference and annual difference), so as to determine the type and quantity of the phase change material, and seal it in the reinforced concrete hollow slab within the cavity.

The second step is to install the wall frame.

For low-rise buildings with 1-3 floors, since this technology has a certain load-bearing capacity, there is no need to design a load-bearing structure, and the photovoltaic phase change thermal storage energy-saving wall 2 can be used as a load-bearing wall. Assemble the phase change heat storage energy-saving wall panel module 12, and fill the insulation material 17 between the modules.

For multi-storey and high-rise buildings with 4-7 floors with load-bearing structures, if the wall needs to be connected with the load-bearing structure, the photovoltaic phase change heat storage energy-saving wall can be used as an external enclosure structure, and the wall has strong bending resistance and stress resistance. The wall frame is installed between the load-bearing structures, and the connection mode between the modules 12 is the same as above.

The third step is to install the adjustable heat-shielding louvers 10 .

The adjustable heat-shielding louvers 10 are installed between each phase-change thermal storage energy-saving wall panel module 12, as shown in FIG. 4 .

The fourth step is to install the fan 9 .

The fan 9 is installed above the adjustable heat-shielding louvers 10 , that is, above the cavity between the photovoltaic cell assembly 1 and the phase-change thermal storage energy-saving wall panel module 12 , as shown in FIG. 1 .

The fifth step is debugging.

Check whether the photovoltaic phase change heat storage energy-saving wall system is operating normally, mainly including the control of the adjustable heat-shielding louvers 10 and the fan 9 . If it cannot run normally, you need to find out the reason and solve the problem before proceeding to the next step of installation.

The sixth step is to install the photovoltaic cell module 1 .

After the debugging is normal, the photovoltaic cell module 1 can be installed. As shown in FIG. 6 , the photovoltaic cell assembly 1 is installed on the outermost side of the wall.

The seventh step is to install the adjustable tuyere louvers 5-8.

The installation positions of the adjustable tuyere louvers 5-8 are shown in Figure 1. The adjustable tuyere louvers 5 are on the upper part of the outer side of the photovoltaic phase change heat storage energy-saving wall, and the adjustable tuyere louvers 6 are on the upper part of the inner side of the wall. The louvers 7 are at the outer lower part of the photovoltaic phase change thermal storage energy-saving wall body, and the adjustable tuyere louvers 8 are at the inner lower part of the photovoltaic phase change thermal storage energy-saving wall body.

Step eight, install interior wall insulation and finishes4.

The thermal insulation of the inner wall plays the role of blocking heat transfer, and the installation of the decorative surface 4 plays the role of protecting and beautifying the inner wall surface of the photovoltaic phase change heat storage energy-saving wall system. As shown in Figure 1, the installation of interior wall finishes has greater flexibility and can be determined according to actual conditions and user needs.

The advantages of this technology are as follows:

1. Advantages of photovoltaic cell modules 1:

The form of the photovoltaic battery module 1 is not restricted by the wall structure, and the installation has variability and flexibility.

2. Advantages of phase change heat storage energy-saving wall panel module 12:

The phase change heat storage energy-saving wall panel adopts the combination of prefabricated reinforced concrete hollow wall panel 18 and phase change material 3 for construction, which fully utilizes the mechanical and thermal conductivity properties of reinforced concrete and the thermal performance of phase change materials. The phase change thermal storage energy-saving wallboard not only has the thermal insulation performance and mechanical properties of the general thermal insulation wall, but also combines with the photovoltaic cell module 1 to form a photovoltaic phase change thermal storage energy-saving wall, realizing the concept of photovoltaic building integration.

3. Advantages of photovoltaic phase change heat storage energy-saving wall system:

The photovoltaic phase change thermal storage energy-saving wall system not only reduces the temperature on the back of the photovoltaic cell module 1, improves the efficiency of building photovoltaic power generation, but also utilizes the solar radiation heat and the heat generated by the photovoltaic cell module 1. Under the coordinated control of the adjustable heat-shielding louvers 10, fans 9 and adjustable tuyere louvers 5-8, the whole system can adjust the indoor thermal comfort and air quality, greatly reducing the indoor cooling and heating loads, and achieving energy saving and environmental protection. role.

All components of the photovoltaic phase change heat storage energy-saving wall system can be prefabricated in factories and produced in batches. In particular, the phase-change heat storage and energy-saving wall panel module 12 and the photovoltaic battery module 1 adopt a modular system, which can realize industrial production and facilitate construction.

The photovoltaic phase-change thermal storage energy-saving wall system provided by this technology includes photovoltaic cell components, adjustable heat-shielding louvers, fans, adjustable tuyere louvers, and phase-change thermal storage energy-saving wall panel modules. The adjustable heat-shielding louvers are located in the cavity between the photovoltaic cell module and the phase-change heat storage energy-saving wall, and the louvers can be rotated at any angle to block solar heat radiation or release heat radiation from the phase-change heat storage energy-saving wall panels . The fan mainly guides the air flow in the cavity. The phase-change thermal storage energy-saving wall is composed of prefabricated reinforced concrete hollow wall panels, phase-change materials for construction and pre-embedded connectors. The form of the photovoltaic cell assembly used in this technology is not restricted, and the connection structure between the photovoltaic cell assembly and the phase change heat storage energy-saving wallboard is determined according to the specific form of the photovoltaic cell assembly (such as framed, frameless or thin film, etc.) , so there is some flexibility. This photovoltaic heat storage energy-saving wall system cleverly combines phase change heat storage materials with traditional building materials, and forms an energy-saving wall system together with photovoltaic cell components. Under common control, the efficient power generation of photovoltaic cell modules and the indoor comfortable environment that is warm in winter and cool in summer are realized. This technology has a simple structure, flexible and convenient installation and disassembly. While improving the efficiency of photovoltaic power generation, it can also use the heat on the back of the photovoltaic cell module to greatly improve the quality of the indoor thermal and humid environment. In summary, this photovoltaic phase change heat storage In terms of design, the energy-saving wall system has the advantages of simple structure, standardized modular design, and can realize industrial production; in terms of construction, it has the advantages of fast and flexible prefabricated construction methods, and low installation costs; in terms of performance, it can Utilize solar heat radiation and the heat from the back of the photovoltaic cell module 1 to improve the efficiency of building photovoltaic power generation, improve indoor thermal comfort and air quality; it is of great significance in the application and promotion of solar photovoltaic buildings, and can further promote the innovative application of building energy conservation .

Claims (9)

1. photovoltaic phase-transition heat-storage energy-saving wall system is characterized in that, comprises photovoltaic cell component (1), Adjustable air port blinds (5,6,7,8), blower fan (9), the hot blinds of adjustable screening (10) and phase-transition heat-storage energy-saving wall board module (12); The cavity (11) that the hot blinds of adjustable screening (10) is installed between photovoltaic cell component (1) and the phase-transition heat-storage energy-saving wall board module (12) is located, and guides the mobile blower fan (9) of the interior air of cavity (11) to be installed in the cavity (11) or near cavity (11) mouth and locates; Adjustable air port blinds (5) is on the top in the outside of photovoltaic phase-transition heat-storage energy-saving wall; Adjustable air port blinds (6) is on the inboard top of body of wall; Adjustable air port blinds (7) is in the outer lower portion of photovoltaic phase-transition heat-storage energy-saving wall, and Adjustable air port blinds (8) is in the lower inside of photovoltaic phase-transition heat-storage energy-saving wall.

2. photovoltaic phase-transition heat-storage energy-saving wall according to claim 1 system is characterized in that blower fan (9) is installed in the top of the hot blinds of adjustable screening (10).

3. photovoltaic phase-transition heat-storage energy-saving wall according to claim 1 system; It is characterized in that said phase-transition heat-storage energy-saving wall board module (12) comprises prefabricated reinforced concrete hollow wall panel (18), is sealed in the interior phase-change material for building (3) of hollow parts of prefabricated reinforced concrete hollow wall panel (18).

4. photovoltaic phase-transition heat-storage energy-saving wall according to claim 3 system is characterized in that, said phase-transition heat-storage energy-saving wall board module (12) also comprises and is positioned at the inboard inner thermal insulating layer (4) of prefabricated reinforced concrete hollow wall panel (18).

5. photovoltaic phase-transition heat-storage energy-saving wall according to claim 3 system is characterized in that, said phase-transition heat-storage energy-saving wall board module (12) comprises that also being fixed on prefabricated reinforced concrete hollow wall panel (18) goes up built-in connection (13,14,15,16).

6. photovoltaic phase-transition heat-storage energy-saving wall according to claim 3 system is characterized in that phase-change material for building (3) is paraffin, polyoxyethylene, the acid of crystallinity fat side, alkane, ester class and composition thereof, and its phase transition temperature is 23～26 ℃.

7. photovoltaic phase-transition heat-storage energy-saving wall according to claim 1 system is characterized in that, the wind that gets into Adjustable air port blinds (7) is cool breeze, like air through tunnel or water surface wind.

8. photovoltaic phase-transition heat-storage energy-saving wall according to claim 1 system is characterized in that, scribbles highly reflective material on the hot blinds of adjustable screening (10).

9. photovoltaic phase-transition heat-storage energy-saving wall according to claim 1 system; It is characterized in that; Said Adjustable air port blinds (5,6,7,8) is according to different climatic conditions; Control opening and close and corresponding degree of each Adjustable air port blinds (5,6,7,8), thus the duty of control photovoltaic phase-transition heat-storage energy-saving wall system.

Images