JPH11107547A - Building using solar heat - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To heat an entire building with solar heat from the outside for a comfortable life and to comfortably heat a garden provided outside the building as well as the building occupied by making very large an area capable of absorbing solar heat. SOLUTION: A building using solar heat includes a habitable building 1 and a greenhouse building 2 constructed outside the habitable building 1 and lined with translucent plates 3. The greenhouse building 2 and the habitable building 1 are constructed on the ground, and a greenhouse is provided on the surface of the ground inside the greenhouse building 2 and outside the habitable building 1. The translucent plates 3 located above the greenhouse are slanted with an upgrade and extended over the habitable building 1 so that the greenhouse building 2 covers the entire habitable building 1.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention controls living buildings including gardens to an ideal temperature environment by effectively utilizing solar heat, reduces electric energy consumed, and is friendly to the global environment. It relates to a building that uses solar heat to make life easier.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art The sun is about 1 kW per square meter.
Supplies the earth with electrical energy. In order to effectively use such large solar energy, a solarium has been developed, and a solar cell is fixed to a roof to use electric energy. The solarium warms the room with solar energy. Therefore, it can be used as a warm room in winter. However, a solarium can warm a room, but cannot warm a residential building.

[0003] Buildings have been developed which have a structure in which the interior of the room is heated by effectively utilizing solar heat. For example, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open
In JP-A-1799771, JP-A-61-237939 and JP-A-7-102676, the roof is partially covered with glass, the attic is heated by solar heat, and the warmed warm air is circulated indoors. The building is listed. Buildings with this structure can heat indoor air using solar heat.

[0004]

In a building in which attic air is heated by solar heat and circulated indoors, indoor air can be heated, but it is difficult to warm the entire building.
In particular, the heated air in the attic warms the building from the inside, so the indoor air of the building can be heated in the same way as generally used heating appliances, but the walls of the building can be heated from outside. Cannot heat. The ideal state of the room to be heated is not the state where only the air temperature is heated. Even if the indoor air is heated, if the wall surface or the floor is cold, energy irradiation such as infrared rays radiated therefrom is small, and it is necessary to considerably increase the indoor temperature. When the walls and floors are warmed warmly, thermal energy such as infrared rays is radiated from them, so that the air temperature can be lowered and the living can be warm. This is demonstrated in a floor-heated room where the air temperature is low and the living is comfortable. If the entire wall surface can be warmed in addition to the floor, comfortable living can be achieved without increasing the indoor air. However, in a conventional building, the air in the attic or the room is heated, and the wall and the like are heated through the air. Therefore, it is difficult to warm the wall and the like warm.

[0005] Further, in a building that absorbs solar heat by making a part of the roof glass-covered or the like, the area covered with glass is limited. This is because the area covered with glass cannot be larger than the area of the roof. The amount of energy absorbed by solar heat is proportional to the area covered with glass. For this reason, if the area which can be covered with glass becomes narrow, the energy of solar heat which can be absorbed will also decrease. For this reason, it is difficult to heat the entire building with the solar thermal energy absorbed by a part of the roof.

[0006] The present invention has been developed to solve such disadvantages of the conventional building. It is an important object of the present invention to provide a building utilizing solar heat, in which the area capable of absorbing solar heat is extremely large, and the entire building is heated from the outside by the solar heat to allow comfortable living.

Another important object of the present invention is to provide a solar-powered building capable of comfortably heating not only a resident building but also a garden provided outside the building.

[0008]

According to the first aspect of the present invention, a building utilizing solar heat includes a living building 1 and a greenhouse building 2 having a transparent plate 3 and constructed outside the living building 1. . The greenhouse building 2 and the residential building 1 are constructed on the ground.
A greenhouse is provided inside the greenhouse building 2 and on the ground outside the residential building 1. Translucent plate 3 located above greenhouse
The greenhouse building 2 covers the whole of the living building 1 by extending upward to the living building 1 while being inclined upward.

According to a second aspect of the present invention, a building using solar heat is provided.
A garden 4 for cultivating plants is provided in the greenhouse.

According to a third aspect of the present invention, there is provided a building utilizing solar heat,
Almost the entire south surface of the greenhouse building 2 is formed as the inclined translucent plate surface 7. In the greenhouse building 2 having this shape, the area of the light transmitting plate 3 can be significantly increased.

According to a fourth aspect of the present invention, a building utilizing solar heat is provided.
A heat insulating curtain 14 is provided inside the light transmitting plate 3 so as to be opened and closed.
Is provided. The insulated curtain 14 blocks the solar heat passing through the translucent plate 3 during the hot summer season, and
Keep the inside of the cool.

According to a fifth aspect of the present invention, a building utilizing solar heat is provided.
The outside of the wall surface of the greenhouse building 2 is insulated with a heat insulating material.

According to a sixth aspect of the present invention, there is provided a building utilizing solar heat,
A solar water heater 19 that absorbs solar heat and heats water is provided on the surface of the greenhouse building 2. The solar water heater 19 is
It is connected to a storage tank 21 buried underground.
The hot water heated by the solar water heater 19 is stored in the storage tank 21.
Is stored in

According to a seventh aspect of the present invention, a building utilizing solar heat is provided.
A solar cell 24 is fixed to the surface of the greenhouse building 2. The electric power generated by the solar cell 24 is stored in the storage battery 26. The power is supplied from the storage battery 26 to the residential building 1.

According to the eighth aspect of the present invention, there is provided a building utilizing solar heat,
Storage tanks 21 and 31 are buried underground. Heat exchangers 23 and 30 for circulating constant-temperature water stored in the storage tanks 21 and 31 are disposed outside the residential building 1 and inside the greenhouse building 2. The heat exchangers 23 and 30 heat or cool the inside of the greenhouse building 2 to adjust the temperature of the residential building 1.

[0016]

Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings. However, the embodiments described below exemplify a building utilizing solar heat for embodying the technical idea of the present invention, and the present invention does not specify a building as follows.

Further, in this specification, in order to make it easier to understand the claims, the numbers corresponding to the members shown in the embodiments will be referred to as “claims” and “ In the column of “means”.
However, the members described in the claims are not limited to the members of the embodiments.

The building utilizing solar heat shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 includes a living building 1 and a greenhouse building 2 constructed outside the living building 1. The greenhouse building 2 is a building with a light-transmitting plate 3 and heats the inside with solar heat and heats the living building 1 built inside to a comfortable temperature. The greenhouse building 2 is a building for heating a living area including the residential building 1 and the garden to a comfortable temperature environment. The living building 1 is a building for living inside. The residential building 1 is constructed with the same structure as a conventional building.

The greenhouse building 2 and the dwelling building 1 are constructed on the ground as shown in the sectional view of FIG. Greenhouse building 2
This is because the entire living building 1 and the living area including the garden, the veranda, the rooftop, and the like are made a comfortable temperature environment, and the garden, the veranda, and the like are made a comfortable living environment as a continuous space that is not partitioned. A greenhouse is provided by the greenhouse building 2 on the ground outside the residential building 1.

The light-transmitting plate 3 of the greenhouse building 2 located above the greenhouse extends upward to the living building 1 by being inclined upward, and the greenhouse building 2 covers the entire living building 1. .

The greenhouse building 2 comprises a light-transmitting surface 5 on which a light-transmitting plate 3 is stretched to effectively take in solar heat, and a heat-insulating concrete heat-insulating wall surface 6. Greenhouse building 2
The southern surface of the vehicle has a structure in which almost the entire surface is formed as an inclined translucent plate surface 7 and also serves as a roof for efficiently taking in solar heat. The east and west sides can be heat-insulated walls, but can also be translucent. The greenhouse building with the east side as the translucent surface has the feature that it can effectively take in the morning sun and heat it effectively from morning. Greenhouse buildings with a translucent surface on the west side in winter
It has the feature that it can be heated effectively even during the day. However, the west side of the greenhouse building is preferably a heat insulating wall 6 as shown in FIG. This is to reduce heating of the greenhouse building 2 on the west in the summer.

As shown in the enlarged sectional view of FIG. 2, the heat insulating wall 6 has a heat insulating layer 9 provided outside the concrete wall 8 and an outer wall layer 10 provided outside the heat insulating layer 9. Thermal insulation layer 9
Is a layer in which a heat insulating material such as a plastic foam such as styrene foam or glass fiber is stretched. The outer wall layer 10 is a layer in which an outer wall material such as a brick or a plate-like outer wall material is stretched. As shown in this figure, the heat-insulating wall 6 having the heat-insulating layer 9 provided outside the concrete wall 8 is disposed inside the heat-treated concrete wall 8 so that the concrete wall 8 is heated in summer and cooled in winter. The feature is that it can be effectively prevented from being done.

As shown in the cross-sectional view of FIG.
It is constructed by fixing a light transmitting plate 3 such as a glass plate or a transparent plastic plate to a metal frame 11. The translucent surface 5 in the figure has a watertight structure by caulking between the translucent plate 3 and the frame 11. In the greenhouse building 2, the frame frame 11 and the translucent plate 3 do not necessarily have to have a water-tight structure, and as shown in the cross-sectional view of FIG. It can also be fixed.

As shown in FIG. 1, the light-transmitting surface 5 fixes the frame 11 in parallel at regular intervals, and the light-transmitting plate 3 is fixed to the frame 11. The skeleton frame 11 is made of metal such as aluminum, iron, and stainless steel, and connects a vertically arranged vertical frame 11A with a horizontal frame 11B. The vertical frame 11A has an upper end fixed to the upper end of the northern heat insulating wall 6 and a lower end fixed to the foundation 12 constructed on the ground. The horizontal frame 11B is fixed to the upper edge of the heat insulating wall 6 on the east and west sides. In a greenhouse building having the east side and the west side as translucent surfaces, this surface is constructed with a vertical frame frame and a horizontal frame frame, and a translucent plate is fixed to the frame. The vertical frame that forms the translucent surface of the east-west surface connects the upper end to the vertical frame that forms the roof and the roof, and the lower end is fixed to the foundation.

The light transmitting surface 5 has an opening window 13 which can be partially opened and closed.
Is provided. The opening window 13 is provided above the light transmitting surface 5. In summer, it is opened to discharge the heated air in the upper part of the greenhouse building 2. The opening window may have a structure in which the temperature of a greenhouse building is detected by a temperature sensor and automatically opened when the temperature becomes higher than a set temperature.

Further, the light-transmitting surface 5 has, on its inner surface, a heat-insulating curtain 14 which can be opened and closed. Insulated curtain 1
4 is mounted on a horizontal rod 15 horizontally disposed at a certain interval below the light transmitting plate 3, and is stretched below the light transmitting plate 3. In the winter, the heat insulating curtain 14 is wound around a hoisting rod 16 provided at the upper end of the light transmitting surface 5 to open the light transmitting surface 5 so that solar heat can pass therethrough. In summer, the lower end of the heat-insulating curtain 14 is pulled down and stretched on the inner surface of the light transmitting surface 5. In order to pull down the heat-insulating curtain 14, pull-down cords 17 such as a plurality of ropes are connected to the lower edge of the heat-insulating curtain 14 at regular intervals.
In order to pull the pulling string 17, a lowering rod 18 is provided below the light transmitting plate 3 so as to be able to rotate horizontally.

The heat-insulating curtain 14 prevents solar heat from transmitting through the light-transmitting surface 5 and reduces the inside of the greenhouse building 2 from being heated in summer. The heat-insulating curtain 14 stretched inside the translucent surface 5 is not blown off by a strong wind such as a typhoon. However, the heat-insulating curtain can be extended outside the light-transmitting surface. The outer insulating curtain can more effectively prevent the transmission of solar heat to the translucent plate.

The living building 1 is provided inside the greenhouse building 2. The living building 1 shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 has a part of the heat insulating wall 6 forming the north and east-west faces of the greenhouse building 2. ,
It is also used on the wall of the residential building 1. Therefore, in the residential building 1, the south face and the roof face are constructed by the concrete walls 8. It is not always necessary to heat-insulate the concrete wall 8 of the living building 1. This is because they are arranged inside the greenhouse building 2 whose temperature is to be adjusted. Therefore, living building 1
Can be constructed inexpensively with a simple wall structure. However, it goes without saying that in residential buildings, the walls and roof can be insulated. Residential buildings whose walls and roofs are insulated have the advantage that they can be cooled in summer when the temperature inside the greenhouse building is high.

The base 12 of the living building 1 is smaller than the base 12 of the greenhouse building 2, and the garden 4 is provided between the living building 1 and the greenhouse building 2. The garden 4 is provided on the south side of the residential building 1. This is for growing plants and the like by solar heat.

Further, the building using solar heat shown in FIG.
The solar water heater 1 is placed above the inclined translucent plate surface 7 of the greenhouse building 2.
9 is fixed. The solar water heater 19 heats water by absorbing solar heat. The solar water heater 19 is connected via a pipe 20 to a storage tank 21 for storing heated hot water. The storage tank 21 is buried in the ground and stores hot water heated by the solar water heater 19. The hot water stored in the storage tank 21 is used for a bath or a kitchen in the residential building 1.

Further, the solar water heater 19 and the storage tank 2
1 is increased to store a large amount of hot water, and the hot water heated in the summer is circulated to the floor heater in the winter and the heat exchanger 22 disposed inside the residential building 1 for indoor heating. You can also. In addition, large storage tanks are buried underground,
It is also possible to heat the inside of a greenhouse building during winter nights and the like. This heat exchanger 23 is located outside the residential building 1,
It is arranged inside the greenhouse building 2 to heat the inside of the greenhouse building 2.

The storage tank 21 can be constructed by driving a vertically long pipe into the ground. The storage tank 21 of this structure can be buried in a narrow site to have an extremely large capacity. This is because the installation area does not increase even if the total length is increased.

Further, the storage tank buried deeply, for example, a storage tank buried deeper than 5 meters, is buried in the ground where there is little change in summer and winter. For this reason, storage tanks that are deeply buried underground do not heat or cool,
For example, it can be 15-18 ° C throughout the year. For this reason, the water stored here can be circulated by the pump through the heat exchanger disposed inside the greenhouse building, and the internal temperature of the greenhouse building can be adjusted. In particular, as shown in FIG. 5, a heat exchanger 30 is provided at the upper part of the greenhouse building 2, and the water in the storage tank 31 is circulated through the heat exchanger 30 so that the temperature of the greenhouse building 2 is adjusted to an appropriate temperature in summer. Can be adjusted. In winter, in order to adjust the temperature of the greenhouse building 2, as shown in FIG. 5, a heat exchanger 23 is provided below the greenhouse building 2, and the water in the storage tank 21 is circulated here. In particular, by circulating the water in the storage tank 21 at night in winter, it is possible to prevent the inside of the greenhouse building 2 from being cooled to a low temperature.

Further, in the greenhouse building 2 of FIG. 5, a solar cell 24 is fixed above the inclined translucent plate surface 7. Solar cell 2
4 is connected to a storage battery 26 via a control circuit 25. The storage battery 26 is connected to a power line of the residential building 1 via a DC / AC converter 27. The electric power stored in the storage battery 26 is supplied to the residential building 1 via the DC / AC converter 27. With this structure, part or all of the electric power used in the residential building 1 can be supplied from the storage battery 26. A generator 28 is connected to the storage battery 26. The generator 28 is controlled by the control circuit 25,
When the power stored in the storage battery 26 decreases, the battery is operated to charge the storage battery 26. When the storage battery 26 is charged to a predetermined capacity, the operation of the generator 28 is stopped.
The generator 28 is driven by an engine 29 such as a diesel engine or a gasoline engine. The heat generated when operating the generator 28 is stored in the storage tank 21. In order to realize this, the water stored in the storage tank 21 is circulated to the generator 28 as cooling water.

Further, although not shown, facilities such as a pool can be provided in the greenhouse inside the greenhouse building and outside the residential building. Since the pool provided here is covered by a greenhouse building, it has the advantage that it can be conveniently used regardless of the weather. Further, the pool may be a heated pool using hot water heated by a solar water heater. This pool has the advantage that it can be used comfortably by controlling the temperature inside the greenhouse building even in seasons other than summer.

[0036]

The building utilizing solar heat according to the present invention has a feature that the area capable of absorbing solar heat is extremely large, and the entire building can be heated from the outside by solar heat to make life comfortable. That is, the building utilizing solar heat of the present invention includes a living building and a translucent greenhouse building constructed outside the living building, and the translucent plate of the greenhouse building covers the entire living building. Because there is. As described above, the greenhouse building constructed outside the residential building has a feature that the amount of solar heat absorbed can be extremely increased by increasing the area of the light-transmitting plate that receives solar heat. Furthermore, a living building covered entirely by a translucent plate of a greenhouse building can heat the entire building from the outside, so that it has a feature that the air temperature can be lowered and a comfortable life can be achieved. Therefore, the building using solar heat of the present invention can efficiently absorb a large amount of solar heat from a large-area translucent plate, and can also heat a living building from the outside to heat the entire building efficiently, and provide comfortable daily life. Is realized. Furthermore, the building of the present invention is not only indoors, but also gardens, verandas,
There is also a feature that can make all living areas including the rooftop a comfortable environment.

Further, in the building utilizing solar heat of the present invention, since a greenhouse building is constructed outside the living building, a building having the same structure as the conventional structure can be used as the living building. For this reason, there is a feature that a conventional building can be used as it is and converted into a building using solar heat at a low cost, and the living environment can be remarkably improved.

Further, the solar powered building according to the second aspect of the present invention has a feature that, in addition to a resident building, a garden provided outside the building can be comfortably heated. This is because the solar thermal building of the present invention has a garden inside the greenhouse building and on the ground outside the residential building. Further, the garden provided inside the greenhouse building can effectively protect the plants cultivated here from severe external environments such as wind, rain, snow and frost, and can be cultivated for a long time in a gentle natural environment. Therefore, the building utilizing solar heat of the present invention has a feature that not only a residential building but also a garden provided outside the building can be comfortably heated, and various plants can be cultivated in an ideal natural environment.

Further, the building using solar heat according to the third aspect of the present invention has a feature that the area of the light-transmitting plate can be remarkably increased because almost the entire southern surface of the greenhouse building is an inclined light-transmitting plate surface. Further, the inclined translucent plate surface has a feature that the reflection of sunlight is reduced and the solar heat can be efficiently absorbed. Moreover, since the inclined translucent plate surface is provided on the south side of the greenhouse building, it also has a feature that the solar heat can be taken in more efficiently.

Further, in the solar powered building according to the fourth aspect of the present invention, a heat insulating curtain is provided inside the light transmitting plate so as to be openable and closable. There is a feature that the temperature inside the building can be adjusted.
The insulated curtain is closed during the hot summer months to block the solar heat passing through the translucent plate and cool the interior of the greenhouse building. The heat-insulating curtain is opened in the cold winter season, and can take in solar heat from the transparent surface to heat the inside of the greenhouse building. Furthermore, since this heat-insulating curtain is stretched inside the light-transmitting plate, it is not blown or damaged by a strong wind such as a typhoon, and has a feature that it can be used for a long time.

Further, the building utilizing solar heat according to claim 5 of the present invention is characterized in that the outside of the wall surface of the greenhouse building is insulated with a heat insulating material, so that the temperature environment inside the greenhouse building can be maintained in a comfortable state. is there. A greenhouse building insulated with a heat insulating material has a feature that the inside of the greenhouse building can be effectively prevented from being heated in summer and cooled in winter.

Furthermore, in the solar powered building according to claim 6 of the present invention, a solar water heater capable of absorbing solar heat and heating water is provided on the surface of the greenhouse building. It has the feature that it can be heated and heated water can be used effectively. Further, since this solar water heater is connected to a storage tank buried underground, there is a feature that the heated hot water can be temporarily stored here and used more effectively. As described above, the building of the present invention, which can heat water using solar heat, minimizes energy for heating water, and realizes an excellent energy saving effect.

Further, in the solar powered building according to the present invention, a solar battery is fixed to the surface of the greenhouse building, the power generated by the solar battery is stored in the storage battery, and the power is supplied from the storage battery to the residential building. ing. In a building having this structure, part or all of electric power used in a residential building can be supplied from a storage battery. Therefore, there is a feature that electric power generated by effectively utilizing solar heat can be used in a residential building to save electricity bills. Furthermore, since the electric power generated by the solar cell can be stored in the storage battery, there is a feature that the electric power generated by using solar heat in the daytime can be effectively used at night.

Furthermore, the building utilizing solar heat according to claim 8 of the present invention is characterized in that the inside of a greenhouse building can be heated or cooled to adjust the temperature of a living building to a comfortable living temperature. Because the building of the present invention has a storage tank buried underground, and a heat exchanger that circulates constant temperature water stored in the storage tank is arranged inside the greenhouse building outside the residential building. It is. Since the temperature of the storage tank buried underground does not change so much in summer and winter, it can be maintained at a constant temperature without heating or cooling. For this reason, the water stored here can be circulated to the heat exchanger provided inside the greenhouse building to adjust the temperature inside the greenhouse building. Therefore, the building of the present invention has a feature that the inside of the greenhouse building can be heated in the summer and the inside of the greenhouse building can be cooled in the winter to adjust the temperature appropriately. In this way, a building that can regulate the internal temperature of a greenhouse building,
By adjusting to the ideal temperature according to the four seasons and the weather, comfortable daily life can be realized, and it is also highly useful as a building that is extremely effective in saving energy.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a perspective view showing a building using solar heat according to an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of the solar-powered building shown in FIG.

FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view showing an example of fixing a light-transmitting plate to a framing frame;

FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view showing another example of fixing the translucent plate to the framing frame.

FIG. 5 is a schematic sectional view of a building using solar heat according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[Explanation of symbols]

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 ... Living building 2 ... Greenhouse building 3 ... Translucent board 4 ... Garden 5 ... Translucent surface 6 ... Heat insulation wall surface 7 ... Inclined translucent plate surface 8 ... Concrete wall 9 ... Heat insulation layer 10 ... Outer wall layer 11 ... Frame frame 11A ... Vertical frame 1
1B ... Horizontal frame 12 ... Foundation 13 ... Opening window 14 ... Insulated curtain 15 ... Horizontal rod 16 ... Hoisting rod 17 ... Pulling cord 18 ... Hoisting rod 19 ... Solar water heater 20 ... Piping 21 ... Storage tank 22 ... Heat exchanger 23 ... Heat exchanger 24 ... Solar cell 25 ... Control circuit 26 ... Storage battery 27 ... DC / AC converter 28 ... Generator 29 ... Engine 30 ... Heat exchanger 31 ... Storage tank

Claims (8)

[Claims] A living room (1), a greenhouse building (2) upholstered with a translucent plate (3) constructed outside the living building (1), and a greenhouse building (2) and a living building (1) is built on the ground, inside the greenhouse building (2) and on the ground outside the residential building (1),
A greenhouse is provided, and a translucent plate located above the greenhouse
(3) is a solar-powered building in which the greenhouse building (2) covers the whole of the living building (1), and the greenhouse building (2) covers the whole of the living building (1). 2. The solar thermal building according to claim 1, wherein the greenhouse is a garden for cultivating plants. 3. The solar thermal building according to claim 1, wherein substantially the entire southern surface of the greenhouse building (2) is an inclined translucent plate surface (7). 4. The building utilizing solar heat according to claim 1, wherein a heat insulating curtain (4) is provided inside the translucent plate (3) so as to be opened and closed. 5. The building using solar heat according to claim 1, wherein the greenhouse building (2) has a heat insulating material stretched outside the wall surface. 6. A solar water heater (19) for absorbing solar heat and heating water is provided on the surface of the greenhouse building (2). The solar water heater (19) is connected to the solar water heater (19). The solar thermal building according to claim 1, wherein a storage tank (21) for storing hot water heated by the water heater (19) is buried underground. 7. A solar cell (24) is fixed to a surface of a greenhouse building (2), and includes a storage battery (26) for storing electric power generated by the solar cell (24). The solar powered building according to claim 1, wherein the building is configured to supply electric power to a residential building (1). 8. Heat exchangers (23), (30) having storage tanks (21), (31) buried underground for circulating constant temperature water stored in the storage tanks (21), (31). Are located outside the residential building (1) and inside the greenhouse building (2), and the heat exchangers (23), (3
0) is configured to heat or cool the interior of the greenhouse building (2) to regulate the temperature of the residential building (1).
Buildings using solar heat described in.