DE10144148A1 - Solar energy device comprises a photovolatic solar module arranged on the side of the building facing the sun, a heat exchanger connected to the module via lines, and a control and regulating device - Google Patents
Solar energy device comprises a photovolatic solar module arranged on the side of the building facing the sun, a heat exchanger connected to the module via lines, and a control and regulating deviceInfo
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- DE10144148A1 DE10144148A1 DE10144148A DE10144148A DE10144148A1 DE 10144148 A1 DE10144148 A1 DE 10144148A1 DE 10144148 A DE10144148 A DE 10144148A DE 10144148 A DE10144148 A DE 10144148A DE 10144148 A1 DE10144148 A1 DE 10144148A1
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- Prior art keywords
- air
- solar energy
- energy system
- solar
- solar module
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Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
- F28D20/00—Heat storage plants or apparatus in general; Regenerative heat-exchange apparatus not covered by groups F28D17/00 or F28D19/00
- F28D20/0052—Heat storage plants or apparatus in general; Regenerative heat-exchange apparatus not covered by groups F28D17/00 or F28D19/00 using the ground body or aquifers as heat storage medium
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
- F24D11/00—Central heating systems using heat accumulated in storage masses
- F24D11/02—Central heating systems using heat accumulated in storage masses using heat pumps
- F24D11/0214—Central heating systems using heat accumulated in storage masses using heat pumps water heating system
- F24D11/0221—Central heating systems using heat accumulated in storage masses using heat pumps water heating system combined with solar energy
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
- F24F5/00—Air-conditioning systems or apparatus not covered by F24F1/00 or F24F3/00, e.g. using solar heat or combined with household units such as an oven or water heater
- F24F5/0046—Air-conditioning systems or apparatus not covered by F24F1/00 or F24F3/00, e.g. using solar heat or combined with household units such as an oven or water heater using natural energy, e.g. solar energy, energy from the ground
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
- F24S20/00—Solar heat collectors specially adapted for particular uses or environments
- F24S20/60—Solar heat collectors integrated in fixed constructions, e.g. in buildings
- F24S20/67—Solar heat collectors integrated in fixed constructions, e.g. in buildings in the form of roof constructions
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
- F24D2200/00—Heat sources or energy sources
- F24D2200/16—Waste heat
- F24D2200/22—Ventilation air
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
- F24F5/00—Air-conditioning systems or apparatus not covered by F24F1/00 or F24F3/00, e.g. using solar heat or combined with household units such as an oven or water heater
- F24F5/0046—Air-conditioning systems or apparatus not covered by F24F1/00 or F24F3/00, e.g. using solar heat or combined with household units such as an oven or water heater using natural energy, e.g. solar energy, energy from the ground
- F24F2005/0064—Air-conditioning systems or apparatus not covered by F24F1/00 or F24F3/00, e.g. using solar heat or combined with household units such as an oven or water heater using natural energy, e.g. solar energy, energy from the ground using solar energy
- F24F2005/0067—Air-conditioning systems or apparatus not covered by F24F1/00 or F24F3/00, e.g. using solar heat or combined with household units such as an oven or water heater using natural energy, e.g. solar energy, energy from the ground using solar energy with photovoltaic panels
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
- F24S20/00—Solar heat collectors specially adapted for particular uses or environments
- F24S2020/10—Solar modules layout; Modular arrangements
- F24S2020/17—Arrangements of solar thermal modules combined with solar PV modules
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A30/00—Adapting or protecting infrastructure or their operation
- Y02A30/27—Relating to heating, ventilation or air conditioning [HVAC] technologies
- Y02A30/272—Solar heating or cooling
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A30/00—Adapting or protecting infrastructure or their operation
- Y02A30/60—Planning or developing urban green infrastructure
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
- Y02B10/00—Integration of renewable energy sources in buildings
- Y02B10/20—Solar thermal
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
- Y02B10/00—Integration of renewable energy sources in buildings
- Y02B10/40—Geothermal heat-pumps
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
- Y02B10/00—Integration of renewable energy sources in buildings
- Y02B10/70—Hybrid systems, e.g. uninterruptible or back-up power supplies integrating renewable energies
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
- Y02B30/00—Energy efficient heating, ventilation or air conditioning [HVAC]
- Y02B30/52—Heat recovery pumps, i.e. heat pump based systems or units able to transfer the thermal energy from one area of the premises or part of the facilities to a different one, improving the overall efficiency
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/40—Solar thermal energy, e.g. solar towers
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/14—Thermal energy storage
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E70/00—Other energy conversion or management systems reducing GHG emissions
- Y02E70/30—Systems combining energy storage with energy generation of non-fossil origin
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Sustainable Development (AREA)
- Sustainable Energy (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Photovoltaic Devices (AREA)
- Roof Covering Using Slabs Or Stiff Sheets (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Die Erfindung betrifft eine Solarenergieanlage für ein
Gebäude, insbesondere ein Wohnhaus, umfassend:
- - wenigstens einen Photovoltaik-Solarmodul, der an einer sonnenzugewandten Seite des Gebäudes angeordnet ist,
- - wenigstens einen Wärmetauscher, der über Leitungen mit dem Photovoltaik-Solarmodul verbunden ist,
- - sowie wenigstens eine Steuerungs- und Regelvorrichtung.
- at least one photovoltaic solar module which is arranged on a side of the building facing the sun,
- at least one heat exchanger which is connected to the photovoltaic solar module via lines,
- - And at least one control and regulating device.
Bei den Solarenergieanlagen der eingangs genannten Art kommen als Solarmodule u. a. poly- und monokristalline Solarzellen oder amorphe Dünnschichtsolarzellen, beispielsweise mit amorphem Silizium als Halbleiter zum Einsatz. Die mit einer Polymerfolie verklebten Dünnschichtsolarzellen werden auf einen Träger, wie Glas- oder Metallplatte, aufvulkanisiert. Die fertigen, mit entsprechenden Anschlüssen versehenen Dünnschichtsolarzellen werden dann auf eine Dach- oder Fassadenoberfläche verlegt und miteinander verschaltet. Es ist bekannt, das die Dünnschichtsolarzellen deutlich mehr Wärme produzieren als Elektrizität. Bei der Solarstromerzeugung fällt neben Strom bis zu viermal so viel Wärmeenergie an. In the case of solar energy systems of the type mentioned at the beginning come as solar modules u. a. poly and monocrystalline Solar cells or amorphous thin-film solar cells, for example with amorphous silicon as a semiconductor. The one Polymer film glued thin-film solar cells are on vulcanized a support such as a glass or metal plate. The finished, provided with appropriate connections Thin-film solar cells are then placed on a roof or Facade surface laid and interconnected. It is known that the thin-film solar cells significantly more heat produce as electricity. When generating solar electricity In addition to electricity, up to four times as much thermal energy is generated.
Weiterhin sind wasserdurchströmte Flachkollektoren mit Absorberschicht aus amorphem Silizium und Glasabdeckung bekannt. Diese Flachkollektoren eignen sich nicht zur groß- oder ganzflächigen Dachabdeckung, beispielsweise wegen eines unterschiedlichen Bedarfs an Strom und Warmwasser. Die Glasabdeckung verringert den Stromgewinn. Flat collectors with water flow are also included Absorber layer made of amorphous silicon and glass cover known. These flat plate collectors are not suitable for large or full-surface roof covering, for example because of a different needs for electricity and hot water. The Glass cover reduces the electricity gain.
Nun ist die Aufgabe der Erfindung, die in Wärme umgewandelte Energie bei den photovoltaischen Solarzellen, wie Dünnschichtsolarzelle, zumindest teilweise aufzufangen und damit eine Solarenergieanlage für ein Gebäude, insbesondere ein Wohnhaus, zwecks höherer Effizienz zu optimieren, die photovoltaikspezifischen Kosten zu senken und mit der Anlage herkömmliche Energiesysteme zu ersetzen. Now the object of the invention is that converted to heat Energy in the photovoltaic solar cells, such as Thin-film solar cell, at least partially to collect and thus a solar energy system for a building, in particular a Residential house, in order to optimize the higher efficiency reduce photovoltaic-specific costs and with the system to replace conventional energy systems.
Diese Aufgabe ist bei einer Solarenergieanlage, die
wenigstens einen Photovoltaik-Solarmodul, wenigstens einen
Wärmetauscher und wenigstens eine Steuerungs- und
Regelvorrichtung umfaßt, dadurch gelöst, daß
- - die Photovoltaik-Solarmodule flexible, folienartige Photovoltaik-Elemente sind, die einzeln oder zu mehreren auf einem amorphen, metallischen oder metallbeschichteten Substrat aufgelegt und in die Dachhaut bzw. Fassade des Gebäudes flächenbündig eingebettet und jeweils wenigstens einen auf einer Unterseite des Substrates angeordneten Luftkanal aufweisen, durch den im Betriebszustand Luft strömt, die sich erwärmt und gleichzeitig die Solarmodule (1) kühlt,
- - die erwärmte Luft zu dem Wärmetauscher geführt ist, der wiederum über einen Wärmeträger eine Wärmepumpe mit Erdkollektor oder Erdsonde beaufschlagt,
- - und daß die erwärmte Luft, die im Heizungsfall durch die Wärmepumpe oder/und einen Nachheizregister nacherwärmt ist, anschließend zu Zwecken der Raumheizung über eine vorhandene Lüftungsanlage in den einzelnen Räumen verteilt ist.
- - The photovoltaic solar modules are flexible, film-like photovoltaic elements, which are placed individually or in groups on an amorphous, metallic or metal-coated substrate and embedded flush in the roof skin or facade of the building and each have at least one air duct arranged on an underside of the substrate , through which air flows in the operating state, which heats up and at the same time cools the solar modules ( 1 ),
- - The heated air is led to the heat exchanger, which in turn acts on a heat pump with an earth collector or earth probe via a heat transfer medium,
- - And that the heated air, which is reheated in the heating case by the heat pump and / or a post-heating register, is then distributed for the purposes of space heating via an existing ventilation system in the individual rooms.
Die Wärmepumpe kann mit wenigstens einer auf geothermischem Prinzip funktionierenden Erdsonde oder einem Erdkollektor gekoppelt sein. The heat pump can be geothermal with at least one Principle of functioning earth probe or an earth collector be coupled.
Die Erfindung vereint gleichzeitig drei Funktionen, nämlich eine Dacheindeckung, eine Stromerzeugung und eine Wärmegewinnung. Die Abwärme der Photovoltaik-Solarmodulen wird durch die das Substrat umströmende Luft gesammelt und abgekoppelt. The invention combines three functions simultaneously, namely a roof covering, power generation and one Heat recovery. The waste heat from the photovoltaic solar modules is collected by the air flowing around the substrate and decoupled.
Als Substrat können unterschiedliche Materialien aus
folgenden Gruppen:
- - Kunststoffe;
- - Keramikmaterialien, beispielsweise Ziegel;
- - Teerschindel;
- - metallbeschichtete Werkstoffe;
- - amorphe Materialien, wie Glas;
- - Verbundstoffe, wie Metall mit aufgeklebtem Glas,
- - plastics;
- - Ceramic materials, for example bricks;
- - tar shingle;
- - metal-coated materials;
- - amorphous materials, such as glass;
- - composite materials, such as metal with glued-on glass,
Die in Frage kommenden Dünnschichtsolarzellen können aus
wenigstens einem der folgenden Materialien hergestellt sein:
- - amorphes Silizium;
- - mikrokristallines Silizium;
- - CdTe (Cadmium-Technetium);
- - Farbstoff;
- - Kupfer-Indium-Gallium-Diselenid (CIGS)
- - amorphous silicon;
- - microcrystalline silicon;
- - CdTe (Cadmium Technetium);
- - dye;
- - copper indium gallium diselenide (CIGS)
Wesentlich für die Erfindung sind die Luftkanäle bzw. die Luftschicht, die mit dem Substrat der Dünnschichtsolarzelle kontaktiert und im Betriebszustand der Solarenergieanlage eine Luftströmung bildet, die eine hybride Kühlung des Photovoltaik-Solarmoduls bewirkt. Darüber hinaus sind verschiedene Anordnungen der Luftkanäle gegenüber der unteren Substrat-Oberfläche, sowie verschiedene Querschnitte der Luftkanäle möglich. The air ducts and the are essential for the invention Air layer with the substrate of the thin film solar cell contacted and in the operating state of the solar energy system an air flow that forms a hybrid cooling of the Photovoltaic solar module causes. Beyond that different arrangements of the air channels compared to the lower one Substrate surface, as well as various cross sections of the Air ducts possible.
Die Kühlung bewirkt einen positiven Synergieeffekt: die Frischluft wird vorgewärmt und der Wirkungsgrad des Solargenerators durch Senken der Zelltemperatur erhöht. Die Effizienz der Solarzellen wird verbessert, im vorliegenden Fall um 0,4% bis 0,5%/K bzw. 10% bei 20 K Temperaturreduzierung der Solarzellen; die Temperatur kann von 50°C auf 30°C gesenkt werden. The cooling creates a positive synergy effect: the Fresh air is preheated and the efficiency of the Solar generator increased by lowering the cell temperature. The Efficiency of the solar cells is improved, in the present case by 0.4% to 0.5% / K or 10% at 20 K temperature reduction of the solar cells; the temperature can be reduced from 50 ° C to 30 ° C become.
Der Luftstrom kann flächendeckend mit dem Substrat des einzelnen Solarmoduls kontaktieren. Im vorliegenden Fall kann der Solarmodul eine Baueinheit, beispielsweise ein selbsttragendes Fertigdachelement bilden, das eine Dünnschichtsolarzelle und ein Substrat aufweist und bei dem die Luftschicht zwischen dem Substrat und einer darunter liegenden Platte oder/und Dämmschicht angeordnet ist. Die Dämmschicht kann aus unterschiedlichen Materialien, wie Hartschaum, Leichtbeton, Verbundstoffe oder dergleichen, hergestellt sein. The air flow can cover the entire surface of the substrate contact individual solar module. In the present case the solar module is a structural unit, for example a form self-supporting prefabricated roof element, the one Has thin film solar cell and a substrate and in which the Air layer between the substrate and an underlying one Plate or / and insulation layer is arranged. The insulation layer can be made of different materials, such as rigid foam, Lightweight concrete, composites or the like his.
Innerhalb des solaren Fertigdachelementes können mehrere in einem definierten Abstand voneinander angeordnete Luftkanäle verlaufen, deren dem Substrat zugewandte Oberseite offen ist, damit die Luftströme direkt mit dem Substrat in Berührung kommen. Die Luftkanäle können unterschiedliche, beispielsweise rechteckige, trapez- oder halbkreisförmige Querschnitte aufweisen. Within the solar prefabricated roof element, several in air channels arranged at a defined distance from one another run, the top of which faces the substrate open is so that the air flows directly into the substrate Come into contact. The air ducts can have different for example rectangular, trapezoidal or semicircular Have cross sections.
Die Luftkanäle können durch Anbringung an der Unterseite des Substrates eines profilierten Flachelementes, wie etwa Trapezblech, gebildet sein. Schließlich ist denkbar und technisch ausführbar, die Luftkanäle direkt an einer mit dem Substrat verklebten Dämmschicht auszukehlen. The air ducts can be attached to the bottom of the Substrate of a profiled flat element, such as Trapezoidal sheet. After all, is conceivable and technically feasible, the air ducts directly on one with the Groove the substrate with the glued insulation layer.
Die Luftschicht, bzw. die Luftkanäle können auch durch das an der Unterseite des Photovoltaik-Solarmoduls liegende Substrat und Unterkonstruktionselemente der Dachhaut, wie Dachsparren und/oder Wärmedämmung, gebildet sein. The air layer or the air channels can also through the lying on the underside of the photovoltaic solar module Substrate and substructure elements of the roof skin, such as Rafters and / or thermal insulation.
Die Luftkanäle können geradlinig, zick-zack-, bogen- oder mäanderartig verlaufen bei Beibehaltung eines gleichen Druckverlustes aller Luftkanäle des jeweiligen Solarmoduls. The air ducts can be straight, zigzag, arch or meandering while maintaining the same Pressure loss of all air channels of the respective solar module.
Die eine Kontaktfläche mit dem Luftström bildende Unterseite des Substrates kann glatt oder strukturiert sein. Die von der glatten abweichende Oberflächenstruktur des Substrates läßt eine vergrößerte, durch die Luft zu umströmende Gesamtfläche zu erzielen. The underside forming a contact surface with the air flow the substrate can be smooth or structured. The of the smooth deviating surface structure of the substrate leaves an enlarged air flow To achieve total area.
Die Luftströmung unterhalb des Substrates kann durch an sich bekannte Steuerelemente, wie Klappen, oder durch Unterbringung im Luftkanal wenigstens eines Perforationskörpers einstellbar sein, durch den die Luft durchströmt und damit ihre Geschwindigkeit verringert. Der Perforationskörper kann in Form eines länglichen Elementes, wie Rohr, oder einer gelochten Platte vorliegen. The air flow below the substrate can by itself known controls, such as flaps, or by Accommodation in the air duct of at least one perforation body be adjustable, through which the air flows and thus yours Speed reduced. The perforation body can be in Shape of an elongated element, such as a tube, or one perforated plate.
Die Luftkanäle schließen sich - im eingebauten Zustand der Solarmodule - an wenigstens einen horizontal verlaufenden Luftsammelkanal an, welcher wenigstens teilweise in einem thermoisolierenden und witterungsbeständigen Material, wie Vinylkautschuk, eingearbeitet ist. The air ducts close - when installed Solar modules - on at least one horizontal one Air collecting duct, which is at least partially in one thermo-insulating and weatherproof material, such as Vinyl rubber, is incorporated.
Zur Verbesserung der Effizienz der Solarenergieanlage können zusätzlich und beabstandet zu den Photovoltaik-Solarmodulen wärmeaufnehmende Flachkollektoren vorgesehen sein, deren Wärmeleitträger eine Flüssigkeit ist, mit dem ein Warmwasserbereiter beheizbar ist. Solche heliothermischen Flachkollektoren können an kleineren Flächen des Gebäudes verlegt sein. Can improve the efficiency of the solar energy system in addition and at a distance from the photovoltaic solar modules heat-absorbing flat-plate collectors may be provided, the Thermal conductor is a liquid with which a Water heater is heated. Such heliothermal Flat plate collectors can be installed on smaller areas of the building his.
Die wesentlichsten Vorteile der Erfindung sind:
- - bis auf etwa 50% bei amorphen, bzw. bis 75% bei kristallinen Zellen erhöhter Gesamtwirkungsgrad (Wärme und Strom);
- - geringere Energierücklaufzeiten;
- - verbesserte Stabilität.
- - Up to about 50% with amorphous, or up to 75% with crystalline cells, increased overall efficiency (heat and electricity);
- - lower energy return times;
- - improved stability.
Verbindet man die Solarenergieanlage gemäß Erfindung mit den erforderlichen, baulichen Maßnahmen (Niedrigenergiehaus- Standard), verringert sich der Heizwärmebedarf auf mindestens 66% gegenüber der durch die Wärmeschutzverordnung 1995 vorgesehenen Größe. Dementsprechend reduziert sich die CO2- Emission, beispielsweise von 6.603 kg auf 2.316 kg für ein derartiges Referenzhaus, bei einer Technik, die für jede Hausform und an jedem Standort einsetzbar ist. Die Solarenergieanlage kann herkömmliche Energiesysteme ersetzen und ist kostengünstiger. If you connect the solar energy system according to the invention with the necessary structural measures (low-energy house standard), the heating requirement is reduced to at least 66% compared to the size provided by the 1995 Heat Protection Ordinance. Accordingly, the CO 2 emission is reduced, for example from 6,603 kg to 2,316 kg for such a reference house, with a technology that can be used for every house type and at any location. The solar energy system can replace conventional energy systems and is less expensive.
Ein Ausführungsbeispiel der Erfindung ist anhand der Zeichnung näher erläutert, deren Figuren im einzelnen zeigen: An embodiment of the invention is based on the Drawing explained in more detail, the figures of which show in detail:
Fig. 1 eine in einem Gebäude installierte Solarenergieanlage, in einer schematischen Darstellung; Fig. 1 a installed in a building solar energy plant, in a schematic representation;
Fig. 2a bis 3 einen eine Dachhaut bildenden Photovoltaik- Solarmodul, in einem Schnitt durch das Dach; FIG. 2a to 3 a roof skin forming photovoltaic solar module, in a section through the roof;
Fig. 4 und 5 Ausführungsformen von solaren Fertigdachelementen, in einer perspektivischen, schematischen Sicht; FIGS. 4 and 5 embodiments of solar prefabricated roof elements, in a perspective schematic view;
Fig. 6a und 6b weitere Ausführungsformen der Solarmodulen; und Figs. 6a and 6b show further embodiments of the solar modules; and
Fig. 7 Aufbau einer Dünnschicht-Solarzelle in einem schematischen, vergrößerten Schnitt. Fig. 7 Structure of a thin-film solar cell in a schematic, enlarged section.
In Fig. 1 ist schematisch eine in ein Gebäude 50 mit Satteldach eingebaute Solarenergieanlage 100 dargestellt. Die Solarenergieanlage 100 setzt sich im wesentlichen aus mehreren an einer sonnenzugewandten Dachhälfte angeordneten Photovoltaik-Solarmodulen 1 (in der Figur ist nur ein Photovoltaik- Solarmodul 1 gezeigt), heliothermischen Flachkollektoren 2, einem Wärmetauscher 4, einer Wärmepumpe 5, einer Warmwasserbereitungsanlage 22, einem Erdkollektor 6 und einer nicht dargestellten Steuerungs- und Regelvorrichtung zusammen. In Fig. 1 a built into a building 50 with a saddle roof solar energy system 100 is shown schematically. The solar energy system 100 essentially consists of a plurality of photovoltaic solar modules 1 arranged on a sun-facing roof half (only one photovoltaic solar module 1 is shown in the figure), heliothermal flat collectors 2 , a heat exchanger 4 , a heat pump 5 , a hot water preparation system 22 , an earth collector 6 and a control device, not shown, together.
Ferner ist der Fig. 1 ein vertikal gegenüber einer Erdbodenfläche 3 verlaufender Ansaugkanal 32 für die erwärmte Luft zu entnehmen. Furthermore, FIG. 1 shows an intake duct 32 for the heated air that runs vertically with respect to a ground surface 3 .
Die an sich bekannten Photovoltaik-Solarmodulen 1 bestehen jeweils aus einem metallenen Substrat 11, hier: Edelstahlblech und einer auf das Substrat über eine Reflektorschicht auflaminierten, dreischichtigen Solarzelle 10 (vgl. Fig. 7). The known photovoltaic solar modules 1 each consist of a metal substrate 11 , here: stainless steel sheet and a three-layer solar cell 10 laminated onto the substrate via a reflector layer (cf. FIG. 7).
Die Dünnschicht-Solarzelle 10 besteht im vorliegenden Fall aus amorphem, unterschiedlich dotiertem Kupfer-Indium- Gallium-Diselenid (CIGS). Das Substrat 11 ist wiederum ganzflächig mit einem darunter liegenden Stahlblech-Abschnitt 8 verbunden. Zusätzlich weist der Photovoltaik-Solarmodul 1, bzw. die Dünnschicht-Solarzelle einen auf ihrer Unterseite 15 angeordneten Luftkanal 14.1. . .14.n auf, bei dem die Luft direkt mit dem Stahlblech-Abschnitt 8 in Kontakt steht. In the present case, the thin-film solar cell 10 consists of amorphous, differently doped copper indium gallium diselenide (CIGS). The substrate 11 is in turn connected over its entire area to an underlying steel sheet section 8 . In addition, the photovoltaic solar module 1 or the thin-film solar cell has an air duct 14.1 arranged on its underside 15 . , , 14 .n, in which the air is in direct contact with the steel sheet section 8 .
Die nebeneinander auf eine Dachlattenunterkonstruktion 12 verlegten Stahlblech-Abschnitte 8 werden bei der Montage der Dachhaut über Stehfalze 31 miteinander verbunden. Auf dieser Weise entsteht eine Dacheindeckung 60 der Dachhälfte, bestehend aus mehreren, ganzflächig (nicht dargestellt) verlegten Photovoltaik-Solarmodulen 1. The steel sheet sections 8 laid next to one another on a roof lath substructure 12 are connected to one another via standing seams 31 during the assembly of the roof skin. In this way, a roof covering 60 of the roof half is formed, consisting of several photovoltaic solar modules 1 laid over the entire surface (not shown).
Die Dacheindeckung 60 ist auch in den Fig. 2a bis 3 schematisch abgebildet. Unterhalb des Photovoltaik-Solarmoduls 1 erstreckt sich von der Traufe bis zum First hin ein Luftkanal 14.1. . .14.n zur Erzeugung einer Luftströmung (Pfeil 14), ähnlich wie bei den an sich bekannten Dachbelüftungssystemen. Im Firstbereich erstreckt sich horizontal, d. h. entlang des Firstes ein mit der Dacheindeckung 60 integrierter Luftsammelkanal 20, welcher über einen Luftaustritt 16 an den vertikal verlaufenden Ansaugkanal 32 angeschlossen ist. The roof covering 60 is also shown schematically in FIGS. 2a to 3. An air duct 14.1 extends from the eaves to the ridge below the photovoltaic solar module 1 . , , 14 .n for generating an air flow (arrow 14 ), similar to the roof ventilation systems known per se. In the ridge area extends horizontally, ie along the ridge, an air collecting duct 20 integrated with the roof covering 60 , which is connected via an air outlet 16 to the vertically extending suction duct 32 .
Die Fig. 4 und 5 zeigen jeweils einen Photovoltaik- Solarmodul 1, der als Fertigdachelement 9; 19 ausgebildet ist. Das rechteckige Fertigdachelement 9 weist eine bereits beschriebene Dünnschichtsolarzelle 10 mit metallischem Substrat 11, einen einzigen Luftkanal 13, ein den Luftkanal begrenzendes Flachelement 18 in Form einer dünner Stahlplatte und ein relativ dickes Tragelement 28 aus Hartschaum auf. Ferner ist der Fig. 4 ein im Inneren des Luftkanals 13 untergebrachter, rohrförmiger Perforationskörper 23 zur Ausbalancierung des Luftvolumens, sowie Zuluftöffnungen 24, 25 zu entnehmen. Der das Substrat 11 ganzflächig kontaktierende Luftstrom gelangt über nicht dargestellte Abluftöffnungen (bei 27) in den Luftsammelkanal 20 und von dort über den Luftaustritt 16 in den Ansaugkanal 32 und/oder über einen in Fig. 2a mit 27 bezeichneten weiteren Luftaustritt (unterhalb des Firstziegels) nach außen. Am Ansaugkanal 32 ist ein schematisch gezeigter Zuluftventilator 17 angeordnet. Figures 4 and 5 each show a photovoltaic solar module 1, which as a finished roof panel. 9; 19 is formed. The rectangular prefabricated roof element 9 has an already described thin-film solar cell 10 with a metallic substrate 11 , a single air duct 13 , a flat element 18 delimiting the air duct in the form of a thin steel plate and a relatively thick support element 28 made of rigid foam. Further, 4 is the FIG., A housed in the interior of the air duct 13, tubular Perforationskörper 23, refer to balance the volume of air and supply air openings 24 25. The air flow contacting the entire surface of the substrate 11 reaches the air collection duct 20 via exhaust air openings (not shown) (at 27) and from there via the air outlet 16 into the intake duct 32 and / or via a further air outlet designated 27 in FIG. 2a (below the ridge tile) outward. A schematically shown supply air fan 17 is arranged on the intake duct 32 .
Das in der Fig. 5 gezeigte Fertigdachelement 19 unterscheidet sich von dem Fertigdachelement 9 dadurch, daß in den Luftkanal 13 anstelle des rohrförmigen ein plattenförmiger Perforationskörper 23 eingelegt ist. Das Tragelement 28 besteht aus Leichtbeton. The prefabricated roof element 19 shown in FIG. 5 differs from the prefabricated roof element 9 in that a plate-shaped perforation body 23 is inserted into the air channel 13 instead of the tubular one. The support element 28 consists of lightweight concrete.
In der Fig. 6a ist eine andere Ausführungsform des Photovoltaik-Solarmoduls dargestellt, bei der die auf das metallische Substrat 11 aufvulkanisierte Dünnschichtsolarzelle 10 von einem Trapezblech (Flachelement 18) unterliegt ist, das mehrere Luftkanäle 14.1. . .14.n bildet. Ein solcher Photovoltaik-Solarmodul kann gemäß Fig. 6b mit einem Tragelement 28, beispielsweise aus Hartschaum, verbunden sein. In Fig. 6a another embodiment of the photovoltaic solar module is shown, in which the vulcanized onto the metallic substrate 11 is subject to thin film solar cell 10 of a trapezoidal plate (flat element 18), the plurality of air channels 14.1. , , 14 .n forms. Such a photovoltaic solar module can, according to FIG. 6b, be connected to a support element 28 , for example made of rigid foam.
Die frische Außenluft wird über eine unterhalb einer Dachrinne 29 angeordnete Zuluftöffnung 30 im Luftkanal vorgewärmt und der Wirkungsgrad der Photovoltaik-Solarmodulen 1 durch Senken der Zelltemperatur erhöht. Die entstehende Abwärme wird zum Lüftungsblock (kombinierte Wärmerückgewinnung mit Wärmepumpe) des Gebäudes 50 geleitet, im Heizfall auf das benötigte Temperaturniveau nacherwärmt und anschließend über die vorhandenen Kanäle der Lüftungsanlage in den einzelnen Räumen als Wärme verteilt. Die Lüftungsanlage ist Bestandteil des gesamten Systems. Die erwärmte Frischluft wird also in die Wohn- und Schlafräume eingeblasen (vgl. Fig. 1; Frischluft-Eintrittsöffnungen 34). In der Küche, im Technikraum und in den Bädern wird Abluft abgesaugt. Über den Wärmetauscher 4 und die Wärmepumpe 5 wird der Abluft die Wärme entzogen und zur Erwärmung der Zuluft genutzt. Ist im Heizfall eine weitere Erwärmung erforderlich, schaltet sich die Wärmepumpe mit einem Nachheizregister 33 zu. The fresh outside air is preheated in the air duct via a supply air opening 30 arranged below a gutter 29 and the efficiency of the photovoltaic solar modules 1 is increased by lowering the cell temperature. The resulting waste heat is directed to the ventilation block (combined heat recovery with heat pump) of building 50 , reheated to the required temperature level in the case of heating and then distributed as heat via the existing ducts of the ventilation system in the individual rooms. The ventilation system is part of the entire system. The heated fresh air is thus blown into the living room and bedroom (see FIG. 1; fresh air inlet openings 34 ). Exhaust air is extracted in the kitchen, in the technical room and in the bathrooms. The heat is extracted from the exhaust air via the heat exchanger 4 and the heat pump 5 and used to heat the supply air. If further heating is required in the case of heating, the heat pump switches on with a post-heating register 33 .
Im Sommer wird die Überschußwärme durch die Wärmepumpe 5 gespeichert oder zur Brauchwassererwärmung genutzt. Gleichzeitig kann die Anlage z. B. durch den Erdkollektor 6 der Wärmepumpe zur passiven Kühlung des Gebäudes herangezogen werden. Der Energieverbrauch wird erheblich gesenkt. In summer, the excess heat is stored by the heat pump 5 or used for heating domestic water. At the same time, the system can e.g. B. by the earth collector 6 of the heat pump for passive cooling of the building. Energy consumption is significantly reduced.
Je nach Klimazone kann im Sommer durch den Boden die Raumluft passiv gekühlt und so die Überhitzung des Gebäudes vermieden werden. Die Solarenergieanlage gemäß Erfindung dient zum Heizen, Kühlen und Lüften von Häusern. Depending on the climate zone, the soil can run through the ground in summer Passive cooling of indoor air and thus the overheating of the building be avoided. The solar energy system according to the invention serves for heating, cooling and ventilating houses.
Die erforderliche Energie für den Nachheizregister 33 wird
solar aus der Hochleistungswärmepumpe mit Erdkollektor oder
-sonde gewonnen. Die für den Betrieb der Wärmepumpe und der
Luftheizung erforderliche elektrische Hilfsenergie wird aus
den Photovoltaik-Solarmodulen und einem Niederspannungsnetz
N (vgl. Fig. 1) bezogen. In den Schwachlastzeiten kann
zusätzlich eine Vergütung durch das Energie-Versorgungs-
Unternehmen der eigenerzeugten elektrischen Energie
erfolgen. Die auf etwa 2/3 des Jahresbedarfs geschätzte
Warmwasserbereitung erfolgt durch die Flachkollektoren 2. Sollte
der Solarspeicher unterstützende Wärmeenergie benötigen,
kann diese durch die Wärmepumpe bereitgestellt werden.
Bezugszeichenliste
1 Photovoltaik-Solarmodul
2 Flachkollektor
3 Erdbodenfläche
4 Wärmetauscher
5 Wärmepumpe
6 Erdkollektor
7 Reflektorschicht
8 Stahlblech-Abschnitt
9 Fertigdachelement
10 Solarzelle
11 Substrat
12 Dachlattenunterkonstruktion
13 Luftkanal (Luftschicht)
14 Pfeil (Luftstrom)
15 Unterseite
16 Luftaustritt
17 Zuluftventilator
18 Flachelement
19 Fertigdachelement
20 Luftsammelkanal
21 Oberfläche
22 Warmwasserbereitungsanlage
23 Perforationskörper
24 Zuluftöffnung
25 Zuluftöffnung
26 Thermoisolation
27 Luftaustritt
28 Tragelement
29 Dachrinne
30 Zuluftöffnung
31 Stehfalz
32 Ansaugkanal
33 Nachheizregister
34 Frischluft-Eintrittsöffnung
50 Gebäude
60 Dacheindeckung
100 Solarenergieanlage
N Niederspannungsnetz
The energy required for the post-heating register 33 is obtained solar from the high-performance heat pump with an earth collector or probe. The electrical auxiliary energy required for the operation of the heat pump and the air heating is obtained from the photovoltaic solar modules and a low-voltage network N (see FIG. 1). During the low-load periods, the energy supply company can also pay for the self-generated electrical energy. The hot water production, estimated at about 2/3 of the annual requirement, is carried out by the flat collectors 2 . If the solar storage system needs supporting thermal energy, this can be provided by the heat pump. LIST OF REFERENCES 1 photovoltaic solar module
2 flat collector
3 ground area
4 heat exchangers
5 heat pumps
6 earth collector
7 reflector layer
8 sheet steel section
9 prefabricated roof element
10 solar cells
11 substrate
12 roof battens substructure
13 air duct (air layer)
14 arrow (airflow)
15 bottom
16 air outlet
17 Supply air fan
18 flat element
19 prefabricated roof element
20 air collecting duct
21 surface
22 water heating system
23 perforation body
24 supply air opening
25 supply air opening
26 Thermal insulation
27 air outlet
28 support element
29 gutter
30 supply air opening
31 standing seam
32 intake duct
33 post-heating register
34 fresh air inlet opening
50 buildings
60 roof covering
100 solar energy system
N low voltage network
Claims (21)
wenigstens einen Photovoltaik-Solarmodul (1), der an einer sonnenzugewandten Seite des Gebäudes angeordnet ist,
wenigstens einen Wärmetauscher (4), der über Leitungen mit dem Photovoltaik-Solarmodul (1) verbunden ist,
sowie wenigstens eine Steuerungs- und Regelvorrichtung,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß
die Photovoltaik-Solarmodule (1) flexible, folienartige Photovoltaik-Elemente sind, die einzeln oder zu mehreren auf einem amorphen, metallischen oder metallbeschichteten Substrat (11) aufgelegt und in die Dachhaut bzw. Fassade des Gebäudes flächenbündig eingebettet und jeweils wenigstens einen auf einer Unterseite (15) des Substrates angeordneten Luftkanal (13; 14.1. . .14.n) aufweisen, durch den im Betriebszustand Luft strömt, die sich erwärmt und gleichzeitig die Solarmodule (1) kühlt,
die erwärmte Luft zu dem Wärmetauscher (4) geführt ist, der wiederum über einen Wärmeträger eine Wärmepumpe (5) mit Erdkollektor (6) oder Erdsonde beaufschlagt,
und daß die erwärmte Luft, die im Heizungsfall durch die Wärmepumpe (5) oder/und einen Nachheizregister nacherwärmt ist, anschließend zu Zwecken der Raumheizung über eine vorhandene Lüftungsanlage in den einzelnen Räumen verteilt ist. 1. Solar energy system ( 100 ) for a building, in particular a residential building, comprising:
at least one photovoltaic solar module ( 1 ) which is arranged on a side of the building facing the sun,
at least one heat exchanger ( 4 ) which is connected to the photovoltaic solar module ( 1 ) via lines,
and at least one control and regulating device,
characterized in that
the photovoltaic solar modules ( 1 ) are flexible, film-like photovoltaic elements which are placed individually or in groups on an amorphous, metallic or metal-coated substrate ( 11 ) and embedded flush in the roof skin or facade of the building and at least one on each underside ( 15 ) of the substrate arranged air channel (13; 14.1. .14.n), through which air flows in the operating state, which heats up and at the same time cools the solar modules ( 1 ),
the heated air is guided to the heat exchanger ( 4 ), which in turn acts on a heat pump ( 5 ) with an earth collector ( 6 ) or earth probe via a heat transfer medium,
and that the heated air, which is reheated in the heating case by the heat pump ( 5 ) and / or a post-heating register, is then distributed for the purposes of room heating via an existing ventilation system in the individual rooms.
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE10144148A DE10144148A1 (en) | 2001-09-07 | 2001-09-07 | Solar energy device comprises a photovolatic solar module arranged on the side of the building facing the sun, a heat exchanger connected to the module via lines, and a control and regulating device |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE10144148A DE10144148A1 (en) | 2001-09-07 | 2001-09-07 | Solar energy device comprises a photovolatic solar module arranged on the side of the building facing the sun, a heat exchanger connected to the module via lines, and a control and regulating device |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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DE10144148A1 true DE10144148A1 (en) | 2003-04-03 |
Family
ID=7698229
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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DE10144148A Withdrawn DE10144148A1 (en) | 2001-09-07 | 2001-09-07 | Solar energy device comprises a photovolatic solar module arranged on the side of the building facing the sun, a heat exchanger connected to the module via lines, and a control and regulating device |
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DE (1) | DE10144148A1 (en) |
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