JPS59502026A - 電気活性ポリマ− - Google Patents
電気活性ポリマ−Info
- Publication number
- JPS59502026A JPS59502026A JP58500187A JP50018783A JPS59502026A JP S59502026 A JPS59502026 A JP S59502026A JP 58500187 A JP58500187 A JP 58500187A JP 50018783 A JP50018783 A JP 50018783A JP S59502026 A JPS59502026 A JP S59502026A
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- polymer
- group
- diradical
- electroactive
- charge
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 229920001746 electroactive polymer Polymers 0.000 title claims description 59
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 229
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 claims description 74
- 239000002019 doping agent Substances 0.000 claims description 67
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 59
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 49
- 125000000623 heterocyclic group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 38
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen Substances N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 33
- 230000002441 reversible effect Effects 0.000 claims description 31
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 26
- 125000004429 atom Chemical group 0.000 claims description 25
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 22
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 claims description 21
- 125000004122 cyclic group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 20
- 125000005842 heteroatom Chemical group 0.000 claims description 20
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 claims description 20
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 20
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 claims description 19
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 18
- 230000002829 reductive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 17
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 15
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 15
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 claims description 14
- 150000001768 cations Chemical class 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000008151 electrolyte solution Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 125000001424 substituent group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 10
- 125000004433 nitrogen atom Chemical group N* 0.000 claims description 9
- QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen group Chemical group [N] QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 150000001450 anions Chemical class 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910001413 alkali metal ion Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 229920000447 polyanionic polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 125000004070 6 membered heterocyclic group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 4
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-M Acetate Chemical compound CC([O-])=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052785 arsenic Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000011946 reduction process Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- JOXIMZWYDAKGHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N toluene-4-sulfonic acid Chemical compound CC1=CC=C(S(O)(=O)=O)C=C1 JOXIMZWYDAKGHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052711 selenium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052714 tellurium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- XNCKMOIUKBSPTB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1H-anthracen-1-ide Chemical compound [C-]1=CC=CC2=CC3=CC=CC=C3C=C21 XNCKMOIUKBSPTB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052784 alkaline earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000002091 cationic group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000004927 fusion Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910021645 metal ion Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 5
- 229910001420 alkaline earth metal ion Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 4
- WPYMKLBDIGXBTP-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzoic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 WPYMKLBDIGXBTP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 3
- CKZPMYDFTCDDTB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1h-naphthalen-1-ide Chemical compound [C-]1=CC=CC2=CC=CC=C21 CKZPMYDFTCDDTB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 2
- 239000011263 electroactive material Substances 0.000 claims 2
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 150000001342 alkaline earth metals Chemical class 0.000 claims 1
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000007800 oxidant agent Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 238000007363 ring formation reaction Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 125000005207 tetraalkylammonium group Chemical group 0.000 claims 1
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 62
- ZMANZCXQSJIPKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Triethylamine Chemical compound CCN(CC)CC ZMANZCXQSJIPKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 45
- 239000010408 film Substances 0.000 description 41
- SMWDFEZZVXVKRB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Quinoline Chemical compound N1=CC=CC2=CC=CC=C21 SMWDFEZZVXVKRB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 37
- -1 polyphenylene vinylene Polymers 0.000 description 34
- WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetonitrile Chemical compound CC#N WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 31
- RLSSMJSEOOYNOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N m-cresol Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC(O)=C1 RLSSMJSEOOYNOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 31
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 30
- WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetrahydrofuran Chemical compound C1CCOC1 WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 29
- FSEXLNMNADBYJU-UHFFFAOYSA-N alpha-Phenylquinoline Natural products C1=CC=CC=C1C1=CC=C(C=CC=C2)C2=N1 FSEXLNMNADBYJU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 28
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 27
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 24
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 24
- DLYUQMMRRRQYAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetraphosphorus decaoxide Chemical compound O1P(O2)(=O)OP3(=O)OP1(=O)OP2(=O)O3 DLYUQMMRRRQYAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 24
- 235000019441 ethanol Nutrition 0.000 description 22
- YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dichloromethane Chemical compound ClCCl YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 18
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 16
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 14
- 239000003607 modifier Substances 0.000 description 13
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 239000012298 atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 12
- 229920000620 organic polymer Polymers 0.000 description 12
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 11
- 241000894007 species Species 0.000 description 11
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 10
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 10
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 10
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 9
- 230000001965 increasing effect Effects 0.000 description 9
- 238000010992 reflux Methods 0.000 description 9
- VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-Hexane Chemical compound CCCCCC VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- SUSQOBVLVYHIEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N phenylacetonitrile Chemical compound N#CCC1=CC=CC=C1 SUSQOBVLVYHIEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 8
- PRSWVGYKUDIOEU-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium;1h-anthracen-1-ide Chemical compound [Na+].[C-]1=CC=CC2=CC3=CC=CC=C3C=C21 PRSWVGYKUDIOEU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 7
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 7
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 7
- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 7
- 239000010409 thin film Substances 0.000 description 7
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 125000005605 benzo group Chemical group 0.000 description 6
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000006386 neutralization reaction Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 description 6
- PBMFSQRYOILNGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyridazine Chemical compound C1=CC=NN=C1 PBMFSQRYOILNGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 150000003248 quinolines Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- 239000000376 reactant Substances 0.000 description 6
- CBXCPBUEXACCNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetraethylammonium Chemical compound CC[N+](CC)(CC)CC CBXCPBUEXACCNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Palladium Chemical compound [Pd] KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- CZPWVGJYEJSRLH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pyrimidine Chemical compound C1=CN=CN=C1 CZPWVGJYEJSRLH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000004090 dissolution Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 5
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- AWJUIBRHMBBTKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N isoquinoline Chemical compound C1=NC=CC2=CC=CC=C21 AWJUIBRHMBBTKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 5
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- SQGYOTSLMSWVJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N silver(1+) nitrate Chemical compound [Ag+].[O-]N(=O)=O SQGYOTSLMSWVJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 5
- LOCUXGFHUYBUHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-phenylquinoline Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1C1=CC=NC2=CC=CC=C12 LOCUXGFHUYBUHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- CSNNHWWHGAXBCP-UHFFFAOYSA-L Magnesium sulfate Chemical compound [Mg+2].[O-][S+2]([O-])([O-])[O-] CSNNHWWHGAXBCP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 4
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphoric acid Chemical compound OP(O)(O)=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229920000292 Polyquinoline Polymers 0.000 description 4
- KAESVJOAVNADME-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pyrrole Chemical compound C=1C=CNC=1 KAESVJOAVNADME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 4
- XSCHRSMBECNVNS-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzopyrazine Natural products N1=CC=NC2=CC=CC=C21 XSCHRSMBECNVNS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 125000002529 biphenylenyl group Chemical group C1(=CC=CC=2C3=CC=CC=C3C12)* 0.000 description 4
- NEHMKBQYUWJMIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N chloromethane Chemical compound ClC NEHMKBQYUWJMIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000005345 coagulation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000015271 coagulation Effects 0.000 description 4
- ZUOUZKKEUPVFJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N diphenyl Chemical group C1=CC=CC=C1C1=CC=CC=C1 ZUOUZKKEUPVFJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000010348 incorporation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 description 4
- YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydrofuran Natural products C=1C=COC=1 YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- JIAARYAFYJHUJI-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc dichloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Zn+2] JIAARYAFYJHUJI-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 4
- QWNCDHYYJATYOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-phenylquinoxaline Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1C1=CN=C(C=CC=C2)C2=N1 QWNCDHYYJATYOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- MCSXGCZMEPXKIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-hydroxy-4-[(4-methyl-2-nitrophenyl)diazenyl]-N-(3-nitrophenyl)naphthalene-2-carboxamide Chemical compound Cc1ccc(N=Nc2c(O)c(cc3ccccc23)C(=O)Nc2cccc(c2)[N+]([O-])=O)c(c1)[N+]([O-])=O MCSXGCZMEPXKIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic acid Chemical compound CC(O)=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1 UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl acetate Chemical compound CCOC(C)=O XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Dimethylformamide Chemical compound CN(C)C=O ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[K+] KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 125000003342 alkenyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 125000003545 alkoxy group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 125000004414 alkyl thio group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 125000000129 anionic group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000007654 immersion Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000002427 irreversible effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910001496 lithium tetrafluoroborate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000002932 luster Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000002861 polymer material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000011541 reaction mixture Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 3
- 125000001140 1,4-phenylene group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([*:2])=C([H])C([H])=C1[*:1] 0.000 description 2
- MBXIOFXLAGTBGI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methyl-4-phenylquinoline Chemical compound C=12C=CC=CC2=NC(C)=CC=1C1=CC=CC=C1 MBXIOFXLAGTBGI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IBXMDQVFEDWKBY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-phenylquinoline-2-carboxylic acid Chemical compound C=12C=CC=CC2=NC(C(=O)O)=CC=1C1=CC=CC=C1 IBXMDQVFEDWKBY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonium hydroxide Chemical compound [NH4+].[OH-] VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- HEDRZPFGACZZDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chloroform Chemical compound ClC(Cl)Cl HEDRZPFGACZZDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethylsulphoxide Chemical compound CS(C)=O IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QXNVGIXVLWOKEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Disodium Chemical class [Na][Na] QXNVGIXVLWOKEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OTMSDBZUPAUEDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethane Chemical compound CC OTMSDBZUPAUEDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QUSNBJAOOMFDIB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylamine Chemical compound CCN QUSNBJAOOMFDIB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LGRFSURHDFAFJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phthalic anhydride Natural products C1=CC=C2C(=O)OC(=O)C2=C1 LGRFSURHDFAFJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Carbonate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C([O-])=O CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 230000003213 activating effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004026 adhesive bonding Methods 0.000 description 2
- 125000003282 alkyl amino group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 150000001351 alkyl iodides Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 125000000304 alkynyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- HSFWRNGVRCDJHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N alpha-acetylene Natural products C#C HSFWRNGVRCDJHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910000147 aluminium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000000908 ammonium hydroxide Substances 0.000 description 2
- MWPLVEDNUUSJAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N anthracene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC2=CC3=CC=CC=C3C=C21 MWPLVEDNUUSJAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000010009 beating Methods 0.000 description 2
- IOJUPLGTWVMSFF-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzothiazole Chemical compound C1=CC=C2SC=NC2=C1 IOJUPLGTWVMSFF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004305 biphenyl Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000010290 biphenyl Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- JHIWVOJDXOSYLW-UHFFFAOYSA-N butyl 2,2-difluorocyclopropane-1-carboxylate Chemical compound CCCCOC(=O)C1CC1(F)F JHIWVOJDXOSYLW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000012141 concentrate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000003869 coulometry Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000012043 crude product Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003599 detergent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 125000005594 diketone group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 238000007598 dipping method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000706 filtrate Substances 0.000 description 2
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- SMWDFEZZVXVKRB-UHFFFAOYSA-O hydron;quinoline Chemical compound [NH+]1=CC=CC2=CC=CC=C21 SMWDFEZZVXVKRB-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 2
- 230000001976 improved effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000002329 infrared spectrum Methods 0.000 description 2
- 125000005647 linker group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 239000006193 liquid solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052943 magnesium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 235000019341 magnesium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 2
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BDAGIHXWWSANSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N methanoic acid Natural products OC=O BDAGIHXWWSANSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229940050176 methyl chloride Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 2
- 230000003472 neutralizing effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 150000004767 nitrides Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 150000004866 oxadiazoles Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 2
- 125000000843 phenylene group Chemical group C1(=C(C=CC=C1)*)* 0.000 description 2
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920002635 polyurethane Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000004814 polyurethane Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 2
- NROKBHXJSPEDAR-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium fluoride Chemical compound [F-].[K+] NROKBHXJSPEDAR-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 125000002943 quinolinyl group Chemical group N1=C(C=CC2=CC=CC=C12)* 0.000 description 2
- 238000010405 reoxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000002791 soaking Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000003892 spreading Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007480 spreading Effects 0.000 description 2
- 210000002784 stomach Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 239000003115 supporting electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 2
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Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/60—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of organic compounds
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
- H01B1/00—Conductors or conductive bodies characterised by the conductive materials; Selection of materials as conductors
- H01B1/06—Conductors or conductive bodies characterised by the conductive materials; Selection of materials as conductors mainly consisting of other non-metallic substances
- H01B1/12—Conductors or conductive bodies characterised by the conductive materials; Selection of materials as conductors mainly consisting of other non-metallic substances organic substances
- H01B1/124—Intrinsically conductive polymers
- H01B1/128—Intrinsically conductive polymers comprising six-membered aromatic rings in the main chain, e.g. polyanilines, polyphenylenes
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K85/00—Organic materials used in the body or electrodes of devices covered by this subclass
- H10K85/10—Organic polymers or oligomers
- H10K85/111—Organic polymers or oligomers comprising aromatic, heteroaromatic, or aryl chains, e.g. polyaniline, polyphenylene or polyphenylene vinylene
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K85/00—Organic materials used in the body or electrodes of devices covered by this subclass
- H10K85/10—Organic polymers or oligomers
- H10K85/141—Organic polymers or oligomers comprising aliphatic or olefinic chains, e.g. poly N-vinylcarbazol, PVC or PTFE
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
- Y02E10/549—Organic PV cells
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Spectroscopy & Molecular Physics (AREA)
- Polyoxymethylene Polymers And Polymers With Carbon-To-Carbon Bonds (AREA)
- Heat Sensitive Colour Forming Recording (AREA)
- Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)
- Polymers With Sulfur, Phosphorus Or Metals In The Main Chain (AREA)
- Macromolecular Compounds Obtained By Forming Nitrogen-Containing Linkages In General (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/US1982/001617 WO1984002030A1 (en) | 1982-11-17 | 1982-11-17 | Electroactive polymers |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPS59502026A true JPS59502026A (ja) | 1984-12-06 |
| JPH0380169B2 JPH0380169B2 (GUID-C5D7CC26-194C-43D0-91A1-9AE8C70A9BFF.html) | 1991-12-24 |
Family
ID=22168379
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP58500187A Granted JPS59502026A (ja) | 1982-11-17 | 1982-11-17 | 電気活性ポリマ− |
Country Status (10)
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2012132149A1 (ja) * | 2011-03-28 | 2012-10-04 | 住友化学株式会社 | 組成物 |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4579679A (en) * | 1981-05-18 | 1986-04-01 | Chevron Research Company | Electroactive polymers |
| US4613211A (en) * | 1983-11-21 | 1986-09-23 | Chevron Research Company | Electrochromic devices |
| DE3438390A1 (de) * | 1984-10-19 | 1986-04-24 | Basf Ag, 6700 Ludwigshafen | Verwendung von elektrisch leitfaehigen polymerisaten zur absorption von infrarotstrahlung |
| US4622169A (en) * | 1984-11-01 | 1986-11-11 | The Dow Chemical Company | Electrically conducting complexes |
| US4867909A (en) * | 1985-07-02 | 1989-09-19 | Dow Chemical Company | Novel catalytic electrically coducting polymeric articles |
| US4981561A (en) * | 1985-07-02 | 1991-01-01 | The Dow Chemical Company | Novel catalytic electrically conducting polymeric articles |
| JPH075716B2 (ja) * | 1985-09-02 | 1995-01-25 | 株式会社リコー | Ｎ，ｎ’―ジフェニルベンジジン重合体の製造方法 |
| DE3735971A1 (de) * | 1986-10-25 | 1988-06-09 | Ricoh Kk | Halbleitende oder leitende polymerisate, verfahren zu ihrer herstellung und ihre verwendung als aktive materialien in batterien |
| US4822638A (en) * | 1987-02-11 | 1989-04-18 | Lockheed Corporation | Electronic device fabrication on non-conductive polymer substrate |
| DE3838329A1 (de) * | 1987-11-11 | 1989-05-24 | Ricoh Kk | Negative elektrode fuer sekundaerbatterie |
| US6399206B1 (en) | 1992-09-30 | 2002-06-04 | The Dow Chemical Company | Electrostatically painted polymers and a process for making same |
| ATE342097T1 (de) * | 1999-02-18 | 2006-11-15 | Biovalve Technologies Inc | Elektroaktive pore |
| JP4211203B2 (ja) * | 2000-06-22 | 2009-01-21 | 住友化学株式会社 | 高分子蛍光体およびそれを用いた高分子発光素子 |
| US6689288B2 (en) | 2000-11-28 | 2004-02-10 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Administrator Of The National Aeronautics And Space Administration | Polymeric blends for sensor and actuation dual functionality |
| DE10205373B4 (de) * | 2002-02-09 | 2007-07-19 | Aloys Wobben | Brandschutz |
| US20060095001A1 (en) * | 2004-10-29 | 2006-05-04 | Transcutaneous Technologies Inc. | Electrode and iontophoresis device |
| WO2006055729A1 (en) * | 2004-11-16 | 2006-05-26 | Transcutaneous Technologies Inc. | Iontophoretic device and method for administering immune response-enhancing agents and compositions |
| JP4728631B2 (ja) * | 2004-11-30 | 2011-07-20 | Ｔｔｉ・エルビュー株式会社 | イオントフォレーシス装置 |
| US7590444B2 (en) * | 2004-12-09 | 2009-09-15 | Tti Ellebeau, Inc. | Iontophoresis device |
| JP4731931B2 (ja) * | 2005-02-03 | 2011-07-27 | Ｔｔｉ・エルビュー株式会社 | イオントフォレーシス装置 |
| WO2006099248A2 (en) | 2005-03-12 | 2006-09-21 | Saint Louis University | Drug delivery from electroactive molecularly imprinted polymer |
| JP4793806B2 (ja) | 2005-03-22 | 2011-10-12 | Ｔｔｉ・エルビュー株式会社 | イオントフォレーシス装置 |
| JP2006296511A (ja) * | 2005-04-15 | 2006-11-02 | Transcutaneous Technologies Inc | 外用剤、外用剤の塗布方法、イオントフォレーシス装置及び経皮パッチ |
| JP2006334164A (ja) * | 2005-06-02 | 2006-12-14 | Transcutaneous Technologies Inc | イオントフォレーシス装置及びその制御方法 |
| JP2006346368A (ja) * | 2005-06-20 | 2006-12-28 | Transcutaneous Technologies Inc | イオントフォレーシス装置及びその製造方法 |
| JP2007000342A (ja) * | 2005-06-23 | 2007-01-11 | Transcutaneous Technologies Inc | 複数薬剤の投与量および投与時期を制御するイオントフォレーシス装置 |
| JPWO2007010900A1 (ja) * | 2005-07-15 | 2009-01-29 | Ｔｔｉ・エルビュー株式会社 | 貼付位置表示機能付き経皮吸収用パッチ及びイオントフォレーシス装置 |
| US8295922B2 (en) * | 2005-08-08 | 2012-10-23 | Tti Ellebeau, Inc. | Iontophoresis device |
| US8386030B2 (en) * | 2005-08-08 | 2013-02-26 | Tti Ellebeau, Inc. | Iontophoresis device |
| US20070088332A1 (en) * | 2005-08-22 | 2007-04-19 | Transcutaneous Technologies Inc. | Iontophoresis device |
| US20090254018A1 (en) * | 2005-08-24 | 2009-10-08 | Mizuo Nakayama | Electrode assembly for freezing-type iontophoresis device |
| US20100016781A1 (en) * | 2005-08-29 | 2010-01-21 | Mizuo Nakayama | Iontophoresis device selecting drug to be administered on the basis of information form sensor |
| JPWO2007026672A1 (ja) * | 2005-08-29 | 2009-03-05 | Ｔｔｉ・エルビュー株式会社 | イオントフォレーシス用汎用性電解液組成物 |
| US20070112294A1 (en) * | 2005-09-14 | 2007-05-17 | Transcutaneous Technologies Inc. | Iontophoresis device |
| JPWO2007037324A1 (ja) * | 2005-09-28 | 2009-04-09 | Ｔｔｉ・エルビュー株式会社 | 乾燥型イオントフォレーシス用電極構造体 |
| WO2007038028A1 (en) * | 2005-09-28 | 2007-04-05 | Tti Ellebeau, Inc. | Iontophoresis apparatus and method to deliver active agents to biological interfaces |
| US20070135754A1 (en) * | 2005-09-30 | 2007-06-14 | Hidero Akiyama | Electrode assembly for iontophoresis for administering active agent enclosed in nanoparticle and iontophoresis device using the same |
| JP2009509659A (ja) * | 2005-09-30 | 2009-03-12 | Ｔｔｉ・エルビュー株式会社 | 生体界面への活性物質の送達のイオントフォレーシス装置及び方法 |
| EP1941929A1 (en) * | 2005-09-30 | 2008-07-09 | Tti Ellebeau, Inc. | Electrode structure for iontophoresis comprising shape memory separator, and iontophoresis apparatus comprising the same |
| KR20080066712A (ko) * | 2005-09-30 | 2008-07-16 | 티티아이 엘뷰 가부시키가이샤 | 관능화된 미세바늘 경피 약물 전달 시스템, 장치 및 방법 |
| EP1944057A4 (en) * | 2005-09-30 | 2009-02-18 | Tti Ellebeau Inc | IONTOPHORESIS DEVICE FOR MONITORING THE DOSE AND TIME OF ADMINISTRATION OF A SLEEP-INDUCING AND ANALYTICAL AGENT |
| KR20080080087A (ko) * | 2005-09-30 | 2008-09-02 | 티티아이 엘뷰 가부시키가이샤 | 신규 약학 담체를 이용한 경피 약물 전달시스템, 장치 및방법 |
| CA2664589A1 (en) * | 2005-09-30 | 2007-04-12 | Tti Ellebeau, Inc. | Iontophoretic device and method of delivery of active agents to biological interface |
| EP1965858A2 (en) * | 2005-12-30 | 2008-09-10 | Tti Ellebeau, Inc. | System and method for remote based control of an iontophoresis device |
| JP2009522011A (ja) * | 2005-12-30 | 2009-06-11 | Ｔｔｉ・エルビュー株式会社 | 活性物質を生体界面に送達するイオントフォレーシスシステム、装置及び方法 |
| US20080004564A1 (en) * | 2006-03-30 | 2008-01-03 | Transcutaneous Technologies Inc. | Controlled release membrane and methods of use |
| AU2008254748A1 (en) * | 2007-05-18 | 2008-11-27 | Tti Ellebeau, Inc. | Transdermal delivery devices assuring an improved release of an active principle through a biological interface |
| TW201026347A (en) * | 2008-09-10 | 2010-07-16 | Transcu Ltd | Apparatus and method to dispense HPC-based viscous liquids into porous substrates, e. g., continuous web-based process |
| JP5653942B2 (ja) | 2009-02-26 | 2015-01-14 | ザ ユニバーシティ オブ ノース キャロライナ アット チャペル ヒル | 介入薬剤送達システム |
| KR102145868B1 (ko) * | 2013-08-23 | 2020-08-19 | 주식회사 그린나노테크 | 전도성 고분자 용액의 제조방법 및 전도성 고분자 필름 |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| US3966987A (en) * | 1974-04-17 | 1976-06-29 | International Flavors & Fragrances Inc. | Electroconductive high polymer composition |
| US4156757A (en) * | 1976-08-13 | 1979-05-29 | Basf Aktiengesellschaft | Electrically conductive perylene derivatives |
| US4222903A (en) * | 1978-05-04 | 1980-09-16 | University Patents, Inc. | P-Type electrically conducting doped polyacetylene film and method of preparing same |
| US4230604A (en) * | 1978-10-30 | 1980-10-28 | Conoco, Inc. | Polymeric electrical conductance dependent upon electrical potential |
| US4344870A (en) * | 1980-03-12 | 1982-08-17 | Basf Aktiengesellschaft | Preparation of electrically conductive hetero-polyaromatics |
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3536781A (en) * | 1968-02-01 | 1970-10-27 | Union Carbide Corp | Charge-transfer polymer blends |
| GB1337427A (en) * | 1970-05-12 | 1973-11-14 | Kansai Paint Co Ltd | Compositions for electrosensitive recording material |
| JPS5025940B1 (GUID-C5D7CC26-194C-43D0-91A1-9AE8C70A9BFF.html) * | 1971-07-20 | 1975-08-27 | ||
| DE3009351A1 (de) * | 1980-03-12 | 1981-09-24 | Basf Ag, 6700 Ludwigshafen | Verfahren zur herstellung elektrische leitfaehiger heteropolyphenylene und deren verwendung in der elektrotechnik und zur antistatischen ausruestung von kunststoffen |
| US4338222A (en) * | 1980-04-11 | 1982-07-06 | Xerox Corporation | Semiconductive organic compositions |
| DE3069044D1 (en) * | 1980-12-19 | 1984-09-27 | Ibm | Metal diphthalocyanine electrochromic displays and electrolytes therefor |
| IL65709A (en) * | 1981-05-18 | 1986-01-31 | Chevron Res | Electroactive polymers |
| CA1202072A (en) * | 1981-12-28 | 1986-03-18 | Yoram S. Papir | Batteries fabricated with electroactive polymers |
| US4505840A (en) * | 1982-07-13 | 1985-03-19 | Chevron Research Company | Heterocyclic electroactive polymers |
| US4452725A (en) * | 1982-09-21 | 1984-06-05 | Honeywell Inc. | Stable electrically conducting polymers and method of making |
-
1982
- 1982-11-17 DE DE19823249532 patent/DE3249532T1/de not_active Withdrawn
- 1982-11-17 NL NL8220476A patent/NL8220476A/nl unknown
- 1982-11-17 JP JP58500187A patent/JPS59502026A/ja active Granted
- 1982-11-17 GB GB08417794A patent/GB2140426B/en not_active Expired
- 1982-11-17 EP EP19830900138 patent/EP0126064A4/en not_active Ceased
- 1982-11-17 WO PCT/US1982/001617 patent/WO1984002030A1/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1982-11-17 US US06/442,531 patent/US4519938A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
1983
- 1983-03-04 IL IL68045A patent/IL68045A/xx unknown
- 1983-03-28 FR FR8305099A patent/FR2536079B1/fr not_active Expired
- 1983-07-07 IT IT8321966A patent/IT1206497B/it active
Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3966987A (en) * | 1974-04-17 | 1976-06-29 | International Flavors & Fragrances Inc. | Electroconductive high polymer composition |
| US4156757A (en) * | 1976-08-13 | 1979-05-29 | Basf Aktiengesellschaft | Electrically conductive perylene derivatives |
| US4222903A (en) * | 1978-05-04 | 1980-09-16 | University Patents, Inc. | P-Type electrically conducting doped polyacetylene film and method of preparing same |
| US4230604A (en) * | 1978-10-30 | 1980-10-28 | Conoco, Inc. | Polymeric electrical conductance dependent upon electrical potential |
| US4344870A (en) * | 1980-03-12 | 1982-08-17 | Basf Aktiengesellschaft | Preparation of electrically conductive hetero-polyaromatics |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2012132149A1 (ja) * | 2011-03-28 | 2012-10-04 | 住友化学株式会社 | 組成物 |
| US9601696B2 (en) | 2011-03-28 | 2017-03-21 | Sumitomo Chemical Company, Limited | Electroluminescent composition and electric device with high brightness |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| NL8220476A (nl) | 1984-09-03 |
| EP0126064A1 (en) | 1984-11-28 |
| FR2536079B1 (fr) | 1988-01-15 |
| JPH0380169B2 (GUID-C5D7CC26-194C-43D0-91A1-9AE8C70A9BFF.html) | 1991-12-24 |
| US4519938A (en) | 1985-05-28 |
| FR2536079A1 (fr) | 1984-05-18 |
| IT1206497B (it) | 1989-04-27 |
| GB2140426A (en) | 1984-11-28 |
| EP0126064A4 (en) | 1985-07-01 |
| IL68045A (en) | 1986-12-31 |
| GB8417794D0 (en) | 1984-08-15 |
| GB2140426B (en) | 1987-01-14 |
| IL68045A0 (en) | 1983-06-15 |
| IT8321966A0 (it) | 1983-07-07 |
| WO1984002030A1 (en) | 1984-05-24 |
| DE3249532T1 (de) | 1985-01-10 |
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