JPS5824037B2 - 導体ボ−ル配列方法 - Google Patents

導体ボ−ル配列方法

Info

Publication number
JPS5824037B2
JPS5824037B2 JP55069818A JP6981880A JPS5824037B2 JP S5824037 B2 JPS5824037 B2 JP S5824037B2 JP 55069818 A JP55069818 A JP 55069818A JP 6981880 A JP6981880 A JP 6981880A JP S5824037 B2 JPS5824037 B2 JP S5824037B2
Authority
JP
Japan
Prior art keywords
conductor
green sheet
balls
mask
pressurized air
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
JP55069818A
Other languages
English (en)
Other versions
JPS56165398A (en
Inventor
横山博三
横内貴志男
亀原伸男
小川弘美
村川恭平
丹羽紘一
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Fujitsu Ltd
Original Assignee
Fujitsu Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Fujitsu Ltd filed Critical Fujitsu Ltd
Priority to JP55069818A priority Critical patent/JPS5824037B2/ja
Priority to KR1019810001124A priority patent/KR840002470B1/ko
Priority to DE8181301493T priority patent/DE3171778D1/de
Priority to EP81301493A priority patent/EP0040905B1/en
Priority to US06/252,214 priority patent/US4346516A/en
Publication of JPS56165398A publication Critical patent/JPS56165398A/ja
Publication of JPS5824037B2 publication Critical patent/JPS5824037B2/ja
Expired legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • HELECTRICITY
    • H05ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05KPRINTED CIRCUITS; CASINGS OR CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS OF ELECTRIC APPARATUS; MANUFACTURE OF ASSEMBLAGES OF ELECTRICAL COMPONENTS
    • H05K3/00Apparatus or processes for manufacturing printed circuits
    • H05K3/46Manufacturing multilayer circuits
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H05ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05KPRINTED CIRCUITS; CASINGS OR CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS OF ELECTRIC APPARATUS; MANUFACTURE OF ASSEMBLAGES OF ELECTRICAL COMPONENTS
    • H05K3/00Apparatus or processes for manufacturing printed circuits
    • H05K3/40Forming printed elements for providing electric connections to or between printed circuits
    • H05K3/4038Through-connections; Vertical interconnect access [VIA] connections
    • H05K3/4046Through-connections; Vertical interconnect access [VIA] connections using auxiliary conductive elements, e.g. metallic spheres, eyelets, pieces of wire
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01LSEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
    • H01L21/00Processes or apparatus adapted for the manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or solid state devices or of parts thereof
    • H01L21/02Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof
    • H01L21/04Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof the devices having potential barriers, e.g. a PN junction, depletion layer or carrier concentration layer
    • H01L21/48Manufacture or treatment of parts, e.g. containers, prior to assembly of the devices, using processes not provided for in a single one of the subgroups H01L21/06 - H01L21/326
    • H01L21/4814Conductive parts
    • H01L21/4846Leads on or in insulating or insulated substrates, e.g. metallisation
    • H01L21/486Via connections through the substrate with or without pins
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01LSEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
    • H01L21/00Processes or apparatus adapted for the manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or solid state devices or of parts thereof
    • H01L21/02Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof
    • H01L21/04Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof the devices having potential barriers, e.g. a PN junction, depletion layer or carrier concentration layer
    • H01L21/48Manufacture or treatment of parts, e.g. containers, prior to assembly of the devices, using processes not provided for in a single one of the subgroups H01L21/06 - H01L21/326
    • H01L21/4814Conductive parts
    • H01L21/4846Leads on or in insulating or insulated substrates, e.g. metallisation
    • H01L21/4867Applying pastes or inks, e.g. screen printing
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01LSEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
    • H01L23/00Details of semiconductor or other solid state devices
    • H01L23/12Mountings, e.g. non-detachable insulating substrates
    • H01L23/14Mountings, e.g. non-detachable insulating substrates characterised by the material or its electrical properties
    • H01L23/15Ceramic or glass substrates
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01LSEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
    • H01L23/00Details of semiconductor or other solid state devices
    • H01L23/52Arrangements for conducting electric current within the device in operation from one component to another, i.e. interconnections, e.g. wires, lead frames
    • H01L23/538Arrangements for conducting electric current within the device in operation from one component to another, i.e. interconnections, e.g. wires, lead frames the interconnection structure between a plurality of semiconductor chips being formed on, or in, insulating substrates
    • H01L23/5384Conductive vias through the substrate with or without pins, e.g. buried coaxial conductors
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01LSEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
    • H01L2224/00Indexing scheme for arrangements for connecting or disconnecting semiconductor or solid-state bodies and methods related thereto as covered by H01L24/00
    • H01L2224/01Means for bonding being attached to, or being formed on, the surface to be connected, e.g. chip-to-package, die-attach, "first-level" interconnects; Manufacturing methods related thereto
    • H01L2224/10Bump connectors; Manufacturing methods related thereto
    • H01L2224/11Manufacturing methods
    • H01L2224/11001Involving a temporary auxiliary member not forming part of the manufacturing apparatus, e.g. removable or sacrificial coating, film or substrate
    • H01L2224/11003Involving a temporary auxiliary member not forming part of the manufacturing apparatus, e.g. removable or sacrificial coating, film or substrate for holding or transferring the bump preform
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01LSEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
    • H01L2224/00Indexing scheme for arrangements for connecting or disconnecting semiconductor or solid-state bodies and methods related thereto as covered by H01L24/00
    • H01L2224/01Means for bonding being attached to, or being formed on, the surface to be connected, e.g. chip-to-package, die-attach, "first-level" interconnects; Manufacturing methods related thereto
    • H01L2224/10Bump connectors; Manufacturing methods related thereto
    • H01L2224/11Manufacturing methods
    • H01L2224/11001Involving a temporary auxiliary member not forming part of the manufacturing apparatus, e.g. removable or sacrificial coating, film or substrate
    • H01L2224/11005Involving a temporary auxiliary member not forming part of the manufacturing apparatus, e.g. removable or sacrificial coating, film or substrate for aligning the bump connector, e.g. marks, spacers
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01LSEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
    • H01L2224/00Indexing scheme for arrangements for connecting or disconnecting semiconductor or solid-state bodies and methods related thereto as covered by H01L24/00
    • H01L2224/01Means for bonding being attached to, or being formed on, the surface to be connected, e.g. chip-to-package, die-attach, "first-level" interconnects; Manufacturing methods related thereto
    • H01L2224/10Bump connectors; Manufacturing methods related thereto
    • H01L2224/11Manufacturing methods
    • H01L2224/113Manufacturing methods by local deposition of the material of the bump connector
    • H01L2224/1131Manufacturing methods by local deposition of the material of the bump connector in liquid form
    • H01L2224/1132Screen printing, i.e. using a stencil
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01LSEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
    • H01L2224/00Indexing scheme for arrangements for connecting or disconnecting semiconductor or solid-state bodies and methods related thereto as covered by H01L24/00
    • H01L2224/01Means for bonding being attached to, or being formed on, the surface to be connected, e.g. chip-to-package, die-attach, "first-level" interconnects; Manufacturing methods related thereto
    • H01L2224/10Bump connectors; Manufacturing methods related thereto
    • H01L2224/11Manufacturing methods
    • H01L2224/113Manufacturing methods by local deposition of the material of the bump connector
    • H01L2224/1133Manufacturing methods by local deposition of the material of the bump connector in solid form
    • H01L2224/11334Manufacturing methods by local deposition of the material of the bump connector in solid form using preformed bumps
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H05ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05KPRINTED CIRCUITS; CASINGS OR CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS OF ELECTRIC APPARATUS; MANUFACTURE OF ASSEMBLAGES OF ELECTRICAL COMPONENTS
    • H05K1/00Printed circuits
    • H05K1/02Details
    • H05K1/03Use of materials for the substrate
    • H05K1/0306Inorganic insulating substrates, e.g. ceramic, glass
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H05ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05KPRINTED CIRCUITS; CASINGS OR CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS OF ELECTRIC APPARATUS; MANUFACTURE OF ASSEMBLAGES OF ELECTRICAL COMPONENTS
    • H05K1/00Printed circuits
    • H05K1/02Details
    • H05K1/09Use of materials for the conductive, e.g. metallic pattern
    • H05K1/092Dispersed materials, e.g. conductive pastes or inks
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H05ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05KPRINTED CIRCUITS; CASINGS OR CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS OF ELECTRIC APPARATUS; MANUFACTURE OF ASSEMBLAGES OF ELECTRICAL COMPONENTS
    • H05K2201/00Indexing scheme relating to printed circuits covered by H05K1/00
    • H05K2201/03Conductive materials
    • H05K2201/0332Structure of the conductor
    • H05K2201/0364Conductor shape
    • H05K2201/0382Continuously deformed conductors
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H05ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05KPRINTED CIRCUITS; CASINGS OR CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS OF ELECTRIC APPARATUS; MANUFACTURE OF ASSEMBLAGES OF ELECTRICAL COMPONENTS
    • H05K2201/00Indexing scheme relating to printed circuits covered by H05K1/00
    • H05K2201/10Details of components or other objects attached to or integrated in a printed circuit board
    • H05K2201/10227Other objects, e.g. metallic pieces
    • H05K2201/10234Metallic balls
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H05ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05KPRINTED CIRCUITS; CASINGS OR CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS OF ELECTRIC APPARATUS; MANUFACTURE OF ASSEMBLAGES OF ELECTRICAL COMPONENTS
    • H05K2203/00Indexing scheme relating to apparatus or processes for manufacturing printed circuits covered by H05K3/00
    • H05K2203/01Tools for processing; Objects used during processing
    • H05K2203/0195Tool for a process not provided for in H05K3/00, e.g. tool for handling objects using suction, for deforming objects, for applying local pressure
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H05ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05KPRINTED CIRCUITS; CASINGS OR CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS OF ELECTRIC APPARATUS; MANUFACTURE OF ASSEMBLAGES OF ELECTRICAL COMPONENTS
    • H05K3/00Apparatus or processes for manufacturing printed circuits
    • H05K3/46Manufacturing multilayer circuits
    • H05K3/4611Manufacturing multilayer circuits by laminating two or more circuit boards
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H05ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05KPRINTED CIRCUITS; CASINGS OR CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS OF ELECTRIC APPARATUS; MANUFACTURE OF ASSEMBLAGES OF ELECTRICAL COMPONENTS
    • H05K3/00Apparatus or processes for manufacturing printed circuits
    • H05K3/46Manufacturing multilayer circuits
    • H05K3/4611Manufacturing multilayer circuits by laminating two or more circuit boards
    • H05K3/4626Manufacturing multilayer circuits by laminating two or more circuit boards characterised by the insulating layers or materials
    • H05K3/4629Manufacturing multilayer circuits by laminating two or more circuit boards characterised by the insulating layers or materials laminating inorganic sheets comprising printed circuits, e.g. green ceramic sheets
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10TTECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T29/00Metal working
    • Y10T29/49Method of mechanical manufacture
    • Y10T29/49002Electrical device making
    • Y10T29/49117Conductor or circuit manufacturing
    • Y10T29/49124On flat or curved insulated base, e.g., printed circuit, etc.
    • Y10T29/49147Assembling terminal to base
    • Y10T29/49151Assembling terminal to base by deforming or shaping
    • Y10T29/49153Assembling terminal to base by deforming or shaping with shaping or forcing terminal into base aperture
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10TTECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T29/00Metal working
    • Y10T29/49Method of mechanical manufacture
    • Y10T29/49636Process for making bearing or component thereof
    • Y10T29/49643Rotary bearing
    • Y10T29/49679Anti-friction bearing or component thereof
    • Y10T29/49694Ball making

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Condensed Matter Physics & Semiconductors (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Computer Hardware Design (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Devices For Post-Treatments, Processing, Supply, Discharge, And Other Processes (AREA)
  • Production Of Multi-Layered Print Wiring Board (AREA)

Description

【発明の詳細な説明】 本発明はセラミック多層基板のバイアホール作製のため
の導体ボールの充填に係り、特に空気による加圧を用い
てボール配列用マスクとグリーンシートを密着させて導
体ボールを配列する方法に関する。
最近半導体素子の高密度化に伴い、これら素子を搭載す
る回路基板よりも配線密度の高いものが要求され、その
ため導体回路の線幅の微細化と多層化がはかられている
この多層化されたセラミック基板のバイアホールを形成
する場合、例えば第1図に示すように金型1上にグリー
ンシート2をのせ、そのグリーンシート2上にメタルマ
スク3を用いて導体ボール4を配列し、押し込み治具5
により加圧され、グリーンシート2内に導体ボール4を
充填している。
なお6はガイドピンである。
上記メタルマスク3はステンレス材よりなりバイアホー
ルパターンに合せた位置に導体ボール4の入る孔があけ
られていて、読札にバイアホール形成用の導体ボール4
を配列する。
メタルマスク3の厚さが第2図イのように薄すぎると、
導体ボール4はメタルマスク3の孔にガイドされずに外
れ、又第2図口のように厚すぎると、導体ボール4がメ
タルマスク3の孔に2個以上入り不都合である。
そのため、メタルマスク3の厚さは導体ボール4の径と
同程度であることが要求されている。
ところが導体ボール4の径は、例えば80μmというよ
うに小さいため、この導体ボールの配列に使われるメタ
ルマスク3は薄くなり、容易に変形を起し、本来密着す
べきメタルマスク3とグリーンシート2の間に隙間が生
じ、導体ボール4は第3図の点線で示すようにメタルマ
スク3の孔に正確にガイドされず、グリーンシート2上
の所定位置に充填されない問題があった。
本発明の目的はボール配列用マスクにグリーンシートを
加圧空気で押着することにより、該マスク上に導体ボー
ルを確実に配列させることにより上述の問題を改善する
にある。
本発明の特徴は金型に加圧空気を噴出する孔を設け、読
札よりの加圧空気によりグリーンシートをマスクに対し
密着させた後、導体ボールを配列して上述の目的を達し
ている。
以下、本発明について実施例を用いて説明する。
第4図は本発明による導体ボール配列方法の1実施例を
説明するための装置の断面図である。
図において、7は金型、8は加圧空気を噴出する孔、9
はグリーンシート、10はメタルマスク、11は導体ボ
ール、12はガイドピン、13は凸起、14は治具、1
5は加圧空気である。
金型7に加圧空気を噴出することのできる孔、を設けて
いる、金型7に設けられたガイドピン12に挿入される
孔を有するグリーンシート9を金型7上にのせ、その上
にボール配列用メタルマスク10を重ねる。
グリーンシート9は柔らかいので、大きな加圧空気を用
いなくとも変形するので、メタルマスク10に対してグ
リーンシート9が密着し隙間を生じない比較的大きな圧
力をもつ空気15を金型7の噴出孔8より噴出するだけ
でよい。
メタルマスク10はバイアホールパターンに合わせて導
体ボール11が入る孔が設けられているので、導体ボー
ル11はメタルマスク10の孔に確実にガイドされて、
グリーンシート9上の所定位置に正確に配置される。
以上のように導体ボール配列用メタルマスク10に対し
、セラミックのグリーンシート9を下方から加圧空気で
押着することにより、メタルマスク10とグリーンシー
トの間に隙間を生じることが解消され、従って該隙間か
ら導体ボール11が逃げたり、或いは位置ずれを生じた
りしない。
従って治具14の凸起13で導体ボール11を押圧(約
1 ky/ crA )すれば、導体ボール11はグリ
ーンシート9上でマスク10と完全に一致した位置で充
填される。
最近のように一層に数千のバイアホールを有するような
多層回路基板の形成において、本発明のような簡単な方
法でグリーンシート上の正確な位置にバイアホールが形
成できるので、上下回路間の導通の信頼性を著しく向上
できる。
以上実施例により本発明を説明したが、本発明によれば
金型に加圧空気を噴出する孔を設け、読札よりの加圧空
気によりグリーンシートをマスクに対し密着させた後、
導体ボールを配列することにより、ボールの充填位置が
マスクと完全に一致し、多層基板のバイアホールの信頼
性を著しく向上できる効果は大きい。
【図面の簡単な説明】
第1図イ、口は従来のバイアホール形成のための導体ボ
ール充填装置を説明するための断面図、第2図イ、口、
第3図は従来の導体ボールの配列を説明するための断面
図、第4図は本発明による導体ボール充填装置のボール
の配列状態を説明するための断面図。 図中、7は金型、8は加圧空気を噴出する孔、9はグリ
ーンシート、10はメタルマスク、11は導体ボール、
12はガイドピン、13は凸起、14は治具、15は加
圧空気である。

Claims (1)

    【特許請求の範囲】
  1. 1 金型に載せたグリーンシート上に、バイアホールパ
    ターンに合ったボール配列用マスクを載せ、該マスクに
    導体ボールを配列し、該導体ボールを押し込み治具によ
    りグリーンシートに充填しバイアホールを形成するにお
    いて、前記金型に加圧空気を噴出する孔を設け、読札よ
    りの加圧空気により前記グリーンシートを前記マスクに
    対し密着させた後、導体ボールを配列することを特徴と
    する導体ボール配列方法。
JP55069818A 1980-05-26 1980-05-26 導体ボ−ル配列方法 Expired JPS5824037B2 (ja)

Priority Applications (5)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP55069818A JPS5824037B2 (ja) 1980-05-26 1980-05-26 導体ボ−ル配列方法
KR1019810001124A KR840002470B1 (ko) 1980-05-26 1981-04-03 요업체회로기판(窯業體回路基板) 제조방법
DE8181301493T DE3171778D1 (en) 1980-05-26 1981-04-07 The manufacture of ceramic circuit substrates
EP81301493A EP0040905B1 (en) 1980-05-26 1981-04-07 The manufacture of ceramic circuit substrates
US06/252,214 US4346516A (en) 1980-05-26 1981-04-08 Method of forming a ceramic circuit substrate

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP55069818A JPS5824037B2 (ja) 1980-05-26 1980-05-26 導体ボ−ル配列方法

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
JPS56165398A JPS56165398A (en) 1981-12-18
JPS5824037B2 true JPS5824037B2 (ja) 1983-05-18

Family

ID=13413714

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
JP55069818A Expired JPS5824037B2 (ja) 1980-05-26 1980-05-26 導体ボ−ル配列方法

Country Status (5)

Country Link
US (1) US4346516A (ja)
EP (1) EP0040905B1 (ja)
JP (1) JPS5824037B2 (ja)
KR (1) KR840002470B1 (ja)
DE (1) DE3171778D1 (ja)

Families Citing this family (30)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4412642A (en) * 1982-03-15 1983-11-01 Western Electric Co., Inc. Cast solder leads for leadless semiconductor circuits
JPS59995A (ja) * 1982-06-16 1984-01-06 富士通株式会社 銅導体多層構造体の製造方法
US4943334A (en) * 1986-09-15 1990-07-24 Compositech Ltd. Method for making reinforced plastic laminates for use in the production of circuit boards
WO1988002928A1 (en) * 1986-10-09 1988-04-21 Hughes Aircraft Company Via filling of green ceramic tape
US4802945A (en) * 1986-10-09 1989-02-07 Hughes Aircraft Company Via filling of green ceramic tape
CA1329952C (en) * 1987-04-27 1994-05-31 Yoshihiko Imanaka Multi-layer superconducting circuit substrate and process for manufacturing same
US4799983A (en) * 1987-07-20 1989-01-24 International Business Machines Corporation Multilayer ceramic substrate and process for forming therefor
JPH0795554B2 (ja) * 1987-09-14 1995-10-11 株式会社日立製作所 はんだ球整列装置
JPH03501432A (ja) * 1988-09-15 1991-03-28 ユニシス・コーポレーション セラミックのicのパッケージに穴を形成する方法
EP0444216A4 (en) * 1989-09-19 1992-04-08 Fujitsu Limited Via-forming ceramics composition
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KR830005720A (ko) 1983-09-09
DE3171778D1 (en) 1985-09-19
EP0040905B1 (en) 1985-08-14
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EP0040905A1 (en) 1981-12-02
US4346516A (en) 1982-08-31
KR840002470B1 (ko) 1984-12-29

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