JPH1056878A - Method for controlling number of mushroom sprout and apparatus for forming groove - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To enable the control of the number of mushroom sprouts to an extent without picking the mushroom sprouts and to generate the mushroom sprout at a desired position of a culture base to enable the harvest of a large mushroom. SOLUTION: A culture base 1a is filled in a mushroom cultivation vessel 2 and inoculated with spawn 5 and the spawn is cultured and ripened to obtain grown mushroom 6. In the above mushroom cultivation method, an opened groove 3 is formed on the surface of the culture base 1a and the spawn is inoculated in the groove 3 to generate the sprout of the mushroom 6 near the groove, specify the emerging site of the mushroom 6 and control the number of sprouts.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a method for adjusting the number of shoots of mushrooms and a groove forming apparatus used for the method of adjusting the number of shoots of mushrooms.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, shiitake mushroom cultivation is performed by cutting a broad-leaved tree such as oak or liche to a length of about 1 to 1.5 m, planting a shiitake mushroom inoculum, and exposing the forest to direct sunlight. In addition, a method of storing shiitake mushrooms in a well-ventilated place, ripening the mycelia of shiitake mushrooms in the above-mentioned raw wood, and harvesting shiitake mushrooms generated on the raw wood after the second year has been mainly performed.

However, the method for cultivating shiitake mushrooms described above is as follows.
Due to the labor and cost involved in the reduction and management of hardwood logs, a culture medium containing sawdust, nutrients and water is filled in a wide-mouthed container or bag, and this culture medium is inoculated with Shiitake mushroom inoculum. The method has been changed to a method of harvesting shiitake mushrooms by culturing and maturing for a certain period of time to generate shiitake mushrooms.

[0004] However, the above-mentioned cultivation method of Shiitake mushrooms in which a seed medium is inoculated into a culture medium also has a problem that the cultivation period of Shiitake mushrooms is too long, and there is a problem that damage by harmful bacteria occurs. Therefore, as a method for cultivating shiitake mushrooms that solves the above-described problem, a hole for inoculating a seed mushroom is provided from the upper surface to the bottom of the culture medium filled in the container, and a shiitake mushroom inoculum is inoculated in the hole, and cultured and matured for a certain period of time. A method of generating an entity (mushroom) has also been used.

[0005]

In the above-mentioned cultivation method, the reasons for opening the holes in the culture medium include the following. When heating at the time of normal-pressure sterilization or high-pressure sterilization without a hole in the culture medium, the heat conductivity of the culture medium itself is poor because of the poor thermal conductivity of the culture medium. It was hard to reach the center. Therefore, there was a problem that harmful bacteria such as mold and bacteria existing in the culture medium might not be completely killed.

Therefore, when a hole is opened in the culture medium, the heat required for sterilization in the sterilization step spreads through the opened hole to all corners of the culture medium, and the effect of eliminating uneven sterilization is produced. . In addition, if the inoculum is inoculated without providing a hole in the culture medium, the inoculum first spreads on the surface of the culture medium and forms a membrane, which makes it difficult for the inoculum to spread evenly to the center of the culture medium. . Under such circumstances, even if the inoculum spreads evenly, it becomes difficult for oxygen to spread to the central part, so it becomes difficult for the mycelium to spread quickly, and it takes too much time to spread to the entire culture medium. There was a problem.

[0007] In order to solve the above problems, a method has been generally attempted in which a plurality of holes are opened at regular intervals in a culture medium and a seed fungus is inoculated into each of the holes. Using the above method, the inoculum spreads evenly in the culture medium, and since this hole serves as an air hole, it also helps the inoculum to breathe, the hypha grows faster, and the culture period is shortened. This produces the effect.

[0008] As described above, the above-described effects can be certainly obtained by opening a hole in the culture medium.
The following problems occur. In the method of opening a plurality of holes in the culture medium and inoculating a seed bacterium for each of the holes, when the hyphae grows in the culture medium, the hyphae is uniformly distributed throughout the culture medium, and the whole culture medium is inoculated. Germination of mushrooms overlaps at the same time because the density of mycelia is constant.

[0009] The total weight of mushrooms generated from the culture medium in the mushroom culture vessel is fixed at a fixed value regardless of the number of mushrooms generated. The size of the mushrooms will be smaller. Therefore, in order to obtain large mushrooms, it is necessary to remove the mushroom buds and adjust the number of mushroom buds. For this reason, it takes more time than necessary, and waste such as picked mushroom buds occurs.

[0010] At this time, when the mushroom is shiitake mushroom, the total weight of shiitake mushroom generated from a constant weight culture medium,
Table 1 below shows the relationship between the average number of shiitake mushrooms generated and the size of the average fruit body per shiitake mushroom when cultivated under certain conditions.

[0011]

[Table 1] Note 1) All the values in Table 1 above are the results 45 days after the occurrence. Note 2) Figures in parentheses indicate only those that are larger than a product can be.

The present invention has been made in view of the above problems, and it is possible to adjust the number of mushroom buds to a certain extent without picking out the mushroom buds, and at the same time, to a desired place in the culture medium. An object of the present invention is to provide a method for adjusting the number of buds of mushrooms, which can generate mushroom buds and thereby harvest large mushrooms, and a groove forming apparatus used in the method for adjusting the number of buds.

[0013]

Means for Solving the Problems To solve the above problems, the method for adjusting the number of buds of mushrooms according to the first aspect of the present invention is to fill a mushroom cultivation container with a culture medium, inoculate the culture medium with an inoculum, In a mushroom cultivation method of culturing and ripening to generate mushrooms, an open groove is formed on the surface of the culture medium, a seed fungus is inoculated in the groove to generate mushroom buds in the vicinity of the groove, so that the place of occurrence of the mushroom can be determined. It is a method of specifying and adjusting the number of buds.

[0014] The culture medium in the above method is obtained by adding sawdust, a nutrient, and water and stirring. The raw material of the sawdust is not particularly limited, but when the mushrooms to be cultivated are shiitake mushrooms, hardwood species such as beech, oak, shii and oak are desirable. It is preferable not to use a conifer species having an inhibitory substance against shiitake mushrooms.

[0015] The size of the plate-shaped groove for inoculating the inoculum is not particularly limited, but is suitably about 5 mm. If the groove is too wide, the culture medium is dried. No effect. The groove forming apparatus according to the second aspect of the present invention is a groove forming apparatus used in the method for adjusting the number of buds of a mushroom according to the first aspect, wherein a mounting table for mounting a mushroom cultivation container filled with a culture medium, The groove forming apparatus main body includes an elevating member that is supported above and below the mounting table so as to be able to move up and down, and a plate that is vertically provided on the lower surface of the elevating member. Then, a plate-shaped groove formed in the culture medium was formed by pushing a plate body vertically provided on the lower surface of the culture medium.

[0016]

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS Hereinafter, a method for adjusting the number of buds of a mushroom according to the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings showing an embodiment thereof. FIG. 1 illustrates a flow as an example of an embodiment of a method for adjusting the number of buds when shiitake is used as a mushroom according to the first aspect of the present invention.

First, as shown in FIG.
Add nutrients such as bran and corn bran and water to hardwood sawdust such as oak, shii and oak. At this time, the ratio between the sawdust and the nutrient is 10: 0.8 to 1.0 by weight.
And adjust the moisture content to 62-63%. This prepared mixture was stirred for 30 to 40 minutes to make the water content of the culture medium uniform, and this was used as a culture medium 1a.

FIG. 1 (b) shows a state in which the culture medium 1a is packed in a pot 2 which is a bottomed cylindrical shiitake cultivation container. The stuffing amount at this time is 1.9 ~
2.1 kg and the floor height is 14-15
cm. Although not shown, the pot 2 is used with an opening on the upper surface covered with a receiving lid provided with a cap having a filter.

The pot 2 filled with the culture medium 1a is:
As shown in FIG. 1 (c), it is mounted on the mounting table 10b,
By inserting the groove forming device body 10a, the plate-like grooves 3, 3,... As shown in FIG. 1D are formed. The culture medium in which the grooves 3, 3,... Are formed is referred to as a culture medium 1b.

Next, as shown in FIG. 1 (e), the culture medium 1b is put into the autoclave 4 and sterilized by high pressure, and the culture medium 1b is kept at a temperature of 118 to 120 ° C. for 30 to 40 minutes. Let it. After sterilization, the pot 2 filled with the culture medium 1b is taken out, and allowed to cool. When the temperature of the culture medium 1b becomes 20 ° C. or lower, as shown in FIG. 1 (f), the inoculum 5 is provided in the culture medium 1b. After inoculating each of the grooves 3, 3
The pot 2 filled with the culture medium 1b is moved to a culture room to perform a culture step.

The culturing step comprises a primary culturing step and a secondary culturing step. First, in the primary culturing step, the temperature of the culture chamber is suitably set at 19 to 20 ° C. and the humidity is set at 75 ° C.
~ 80% is appropriate. Note that the above-mentioned conditions are appropriate for the temperature setting and the humidity setting even at the time of reversal and the secondary culture step described later.

The primary culture period is 45 to 50 days, the mycelial membrane is formed on the surface of the culture medium 1b, the upper part of the culture medium 1b turns brown, and water drops accumulate between the pot 2 and the culture medium 1b. A guide is that the water content rises to about 70%. When the primary culture is completed, the pot 2 is inverted. This is for supplying fresh air to the culture medium 1b and treating metabolic water generated during the primary culture. afterwards,
Perform secondary culture.

If the following three conditions are satisfied, the culture medium 1b in which the secondary culture is performed is withdrawn as shown in FIG. 1 (g), put into a generation chamber, and is kept at a temperature of 10 to 20 ° C. and a humidity of 65 ° C. When stored under conditions of ~ 85%, shiitake mushroom 6 can be obtained as shown in Fig. 1 (h). . The weight reduction rate of the culture medium 1b is reduced by 25% or more (the weight of the culture medium 1b is reduced to 1.5 kg with a 2 kg packing amount). . The cell surface has turned brown. . 180cc or more of metabolic water accumulates in the receiving lid.

According to the above method, the density of the hypha grown from the inoculum 4 is particularly high in the groove 3,
Shiitake mushroom 6 is generated from the groove 3. Therefore, the density of shiitake mushrooms 6 does not increase unnecessarily. That is, even if the number of buds is not adjusted by picking the buds of the shiitake 6, the shiitake 6 grows large.

According to FIG. 1, the grooves 3, 3,... Are formed so that the side surfaces of the culture medium 1b are opened. However, the side surfaces of the culture medium 1a do not have to be separately opened. The location where the groove 3 is opened is not limited. By forming the grooves 3, 3,..., The air enters through the grooves 3, 3,..., So that the air circulation is improved and the respiration of hyphae is promoted, and the culture cycle of shiitake mushroom is increased. Can be shortened.

The grooves 3, 3,... Disperse the heat of fermentation occurring during the growth of the mycelium.
It is not necessary to pay careful attention to the temperature control of the culture room, and the workability is improved. In addition, Table 1
Table 2 shows the values when shiitake mushrooms were cultivated under the same conditions as those of the conventional technique described above.

[0027]

[Table 2] Note 1) The values in Table 2 above are all results 45 days after the occurrence. Note 2) The values in the rightmost column of Table 2 are comparisons with the conventional values shown in Table 1. Note 3) Figures in parentheses indicate only those that are larger than a product can be.

Therefore, since the size of each shiitake mushroom is about twice as large as that of the method according to the prior art shown in Table 1, most of the shiitake mushrooms that can be harvested have a commercial value.

FIG. 2 is a perspective view showing another example of the embodiment of the method for adjusting the number of shoots of mushrooms according to the present invention. As shown in FIG. 2, from the top to the bottom of the culture medium 1c,
Holes 30, 30,... Are formed. This hole 30, 30
.. is a plate-shaped groove 3 for inoculating the inoculum shown in FIG.
It is an alternative to 3. Thus, hole 3
The culture medium provided with 0, 30,... Is referred to as culture medium 1c. Hole 3
The shape of each of 0, 30,... May be a groove or a hole as long as a part thereof is always opened on the side surface of the culture medium 1c. The groove may be plate-shaped or corrugated, and the cross-sectional shape of the hole may be triangular or semicircular, and is not particularly limited.

FIG. 3 is a perspective view showing an example of an embodiment of the groove forming apparatus main body 10a according to the second aspect. The groove forming device main body 10a pulls out the groove forming device main body 10a from the culture substrate 1b, and a lifting member 101 supported up and down above the mounting table 10b so as to be able to move up and down, a plate body 103 vertically provided on the lower surface of the lifting member. At this time, a pressing member 102, a lifting member 101, and a pressing member for pressing the upper surface of the culture substrate 1b to prevent the edges of the grooves 3, 3,... Provided in the culture substrate 1b from breaking and closing the grooves 3, 3,. , And guide shafts 105, 105,. Below the elevating member 101, a holding member 102 having the same shape as the elevating member 101 is provided in parallel. Also, guide shafts 105 are provided upright from the holding member 102. Further, the lifting member 1 is moved upward from the center of the lifting member 101.
A shank shaft 104 that can be connected to a device that raises and lowers 01 is vertically provided.

As shown in FIG. 1 (c), the manner in which the groove forming apparatus 10 forms the grooves 3, 3... In the culture medium 1a is shown in more detail in FIGS. 4 (a) and 4 (b). As shown. First, the pot 2 filled with the culture medium 1a is mounted on the mounting table 10b. The culture medium 1a filled in the pot 2 placed in this manner is added to the groove forming device main body 10.
Insert a.

Before inserting the elevating member 101 into the culture medium 1a of the groove forming apparatus main body 10a, that is, when the elevating member 101 is in the ascending position, as shown in FIG. 4A, the distance between the elevating member 101 and the pressing member 102 is reduced. Guide shaft 105, 10
They are 5 minutes apart. That is, the plate 10
3, the length of the portion 103a below the holding member 102 is shorter.

However, the groove forming main body 10a is connected to the culture medium 1a.
, That is, by lowering the elevating member 101 and pushing the plate body 103 suspended from its lower surface into the culture medium 1a, the plate-shaped grooves 3, 3,... Are formed in the culture medium 1a. When formed, the groove forming device body 10a
4B, as shown in FIG. 4B, the distance between the elevating member 101 and the pressing member 102 is reduced. The reason for the deformation as described above is that when the groove forming device main body 10a is inserted into the culture medium 1a, the holding member 102
Is in contact with the upper surface of the plate member 103 and cannot be further lowered.
At the same time, it is possible to descend until the lower end of the plate 103 reaches the bottom of the culture medium 1a.

Since the guide shafts 105, 105,... Hanging from the holding member 102 penetrate the elevating member 101, the plate 103 and the elevating member are not moved although the holding member 102 does not move. 101 moves. When the plate 103 is taken out from the culture medium 1a in a state where the plate 103 is inserted, the pressing member 102 presses the culture medium 1a to prevent the groove edge of the culture medium 1a from breaking and the grooves 3, 3,. Can be prevented.

[0035]

As described above, according to the method for adjusting the number of buds of mushrooms of the present invention, the number of buds of mushrooms can be adjusted to some extent without picking out the buds of mushrooms, and the groove of the culture medium can be adjusted. Mushroom buds can be generated at the place where the mushrooms are formed, that is, large mushrooms can be harvested.

Further, since the groove forming apparatus is provided with the plate for forming the grooves, the grooves for adjusting the number of buds of the mushroom of the present invention can be easily formed.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is an explanatory diagram showing a flow of an embodiment of a method for adjusting the number of buds of mushrooms according to the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a perspective view showing an example of another embodiment different from FIG. 1;

FIG. 3 is a perspective view of a groove forming apparatus used for performing the method of adjusting the number of buds of mushrooms according to the present invention.

FIG. 4 is an explanatory view of the use of the groove forming apparatus of FIG. 3;

[Explanation of symbols]

 Reference Signs List 1a culture medium 1b culture medium 1c culture medium 2 pot (mushroom cultivation container) 3 groove 30 hole 5 seed fungus 6 shiitake (mushroom) 10 groove forming apparatus 10a groove forming apparatus main body 10b mounting table 101 elevating member 103 plate body

Claims (2)

[Claims] 1. A method for cultivating mushrooms comprising filling a culture medium in a mushroom cultivation container, inoculating the culture medium with an inoculum, culturing and ripening to form mushrooms, and forming an open groove on the surface of the culture medium. A method of adjusting the number of buds of a mushroom, wherein the inoculation of the mushroom on the mushroom and the buds of the mushroom are generated in the vicinity of the groove, whereby the place where the mushroom is generated is specified and the number of the buds is adjusted. 2. A groove forming apparatus for use in the method for adjusting the number of buds of a mushroom according to claim 1, comprising a mounting table for mounting a mushroom cultivation container filled with a culture medium, and a groove forming apparatus main body. The groove forming apparatus main body includes an elevating member supported so as to be able to ascend and descend above the mounting table, and a plate vertically suspended on a lower surface of the elevating member. A groove forming apparatus characterized in that a plate-shaped groove is formed in the culture medium by pushing the formed plate into the culture medium.