JPH10508464A - 連続混合を用いた全チューインガム製造方法 - Google Patents
連続混合を用いた全チューインガム製造方法Info
- Publication number
- JPH10508464A JPH10508464A JP8510214A JP51021496A JPH10508464A JP H10508464 A JPH10508464 A JP H10508464A JP 8510214 A JP8510214 A JP 8510214A JP 51021496 A JP51021496 A JP 51021496A JP H10508464 A JPH10508464 A JP H10508464A
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- mixing
- chewing gum
- elastomer
- mixed
- mixing device
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
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- 229940112822 chewing gum Drugs 0.000 title claims abstract description 107
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 34
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 66
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 80
- VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium carbonate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]C([O-])=O VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 43
- 229920001971 elastomer Polymers 0.000 claims description 43
- 235000003599 food sweetener Nutrition 0.000 claims description 32
- 239000003765 sweetening agent Substances 0.000 claims description 32
- 239000000806 elastomer Substances 0.000 claims description 29
- 239000003925 fat Substances 0.000 claims description 26
- 229910000019 calcium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 21
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 claims description 21
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- 239000000796 flavoring agent Substances 0.000 claims description 16
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- FBPFZTCFMRRESA-FSIIMWSLSA-N D-Glucitol Natural products OC[C@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)CO FBPFZTCFMRRESA-FSIIMWSLSA-N 0.000 claims description 13
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- FBPFZTCFMRRESA-KVTDHHQDSA-N D-Mannitol Chemical compound OC[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H](O)CO FBPFZTCFMRRESA-KVTDHHQDSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
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- RFSUNEUAIZKAJO-ARQDHWQXSA-N Fructose Chemical compound OC[C@H]1O[C@](O)(CO)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O RFSUNEUAIZKAJO-ARQDHWQXSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-GASJEMHNSA-N Glucose Natural products OC[C@H]1OC(O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-GASJEMHNSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000008121 dextrose Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000005846 sugar alcohols Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- OWEGMIWEEQEYGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 100676-05-9 Natural products OC1C(O)C(O)C(CO)OC1OCC1C(O)C(O)C(O)C(OC2C(OC(O)C(O)C2O)CO)O1 OWEGMIWEEQEYGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
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- 239000005715 Fructose Substances 0.000 claims description 3
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- GUBGYTABKSRVRQ-PICCSMPSSA-N Maltose Natural products O[C@@H]1[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O[C@@H]1O[C@@H]1[C@@H](CO)OC(O)[C@H](O)[C@H]1O GUBGYTABKSRVRQ-PICCSMPSSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-VFUOTHLCSA-N beta-D-glucose Chemical compound OC[C@H]1O[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-VFUOTHLCSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- GUBGYTABKSRVRQ-QUYVBRFLSA-N beta-maltose Chemical compound OC[C@H]1O[C@H](O[C@H]2[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)O[C@@H]2CO)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O GUBGYTABKSRVRQ-QUYVBRFLSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000001506 calcium phosphate Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000019425 dextrin Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000013399 edible fruits Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 229930182830 galactose Natural products 0.000 claims description 3
- 229960004903 invert sugar Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
- ZLNQQNXFFQJAID-UHFFFAOYSA-L magnesium carbonate Chemical compound [Mg+2].[O-]C([O-])=O ZLNQQNXFFQJAID-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000001095 magnesium carbonate Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910000021 magnesium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000015112 vegetable and seed oil Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000008158 vegetable oil Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- FBPFZTCFMRRESA-JGWLITMVSA-N D-glucitol Chemical group OC[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H](O)CO FBPFZTCFMRRESA-JGWLITMVSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000006679 Mentha X verticillata Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000002899 Mentha suaveolens Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000001636 Mentha x rotundifolia Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 241001465754 Metazoa Species 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- TVXBFESIOXBWNM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Xylitol Natural products OCCC(O)C(O)C(O)CCO TVXBFESIOXBWNM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010617 anise oil Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000020971 citrus fruits Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000845 maltitol Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000010449 maltitol Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- VQHSOMBJVWLPSR-WUJBLJFYSA-N maltitol Chemical compound OC[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]([C@H](O)CO)O[C@H]1O[C@H](CO)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H]1O VQHSOMBJVWLPSR-WUJBLJFYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
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- 239000001525 mentha piperita l. herb oil Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- HEBKCHPVOIAQTA-UHFFFAOYSA-N meso ribitol Natural products OCC(O)C(O)C(O)CO HEBKCHPVOIAQTA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- OSWPMRLSEDHDFF-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl salicylate Chemical compound COC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1O OSWPMRLSEDHDFF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000019477 peppermint oil Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000012169 petroleum derived wax Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000019381 petroleum wax Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000009637 wintergreen oil Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000811 xylitol Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000010447 xylitol Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- HEBKCHPVOIAQTA-SCDXWVJYSA-N xylitol Chemical compound OC[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)CO HEBKCHPVOIAQTA-SCDXWVJYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229960002675 xylitol Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
- VQTUBCCKSQIDNK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isobutene Chemical group CC(C)=C VQTUBCCKSQIDNK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 2
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 2
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 2
- 229910000389 calcium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 2
- 235000011010 calcium phosphates Nutrition 0.000 claims 2
- QORWJWZARLRLPR-UHFFFAOYSA-H tricalcium bis(phosphate) Chemical compound [Ca+2].[Ca+2].[Ca+2].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O.[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O QORWJWZARLRLPR-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 claims 2
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- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims 1
- FYGDTMLNYKFZSV-MRCIVHHJSA-N dextrin Chemical compound O[C@@H]1[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)OC1O[C@@H]1[C@@H](CO)OC(O[C@@H]2[C@H](O[C@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H]2O)CO)[C@H](O)[C@H]1O FYGDTMLNYKFZSV-MRCIVHHJSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 239000002270 dispersing agent Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 235000013355 food flavoring agent Nutrition 0.000 claims 1
- 238000005304 joining Methods 0.000 claims 1
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- 239000004816 latex Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 31
- PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycerine Chemical compound OCC(O)CO PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 30
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 29
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 29
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- VBICKXHEKHSIBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-monostearoylglycerol Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OCC(O)CO VBICKXHEKHSIBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 16
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- IAOZJIPTCAWIRG-QWRGUYRKSA-N aspartame Chemical compound OC(=O)C[C@H](N)C(=O)N[C@H](C(=O)OC)CC1=CC=CC=C1 IAOZJIPTCAWIRG-QWRGUYRKSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- 230000003078 antioxidant effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 239000004067 bulking agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000000484 butyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
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- 239000000625 cyclamic acid and its Na and Ca salt Substances 0.000 description 1
- HCAJEUSONLESMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyclohexylsulfamic acid Chemical compound OS(=O)(=O)NC1CCCCC1 HCAJEUSONLESMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- NEFBYIFKOOEVPA-UHFFFAOYSA-K dicalcium phosphate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[Ca+2].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O NEFBYIFKOOEVPA-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
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- 239000011256 inorganic filler Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 235000019223 lemon-lime Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229960002160 maltose Drugs 0.000 description 1
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- CVHZOJJKTDOEJC-UHFFFAOYSA-N saccharin Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(=O)NS(=O)(=O)C2=C1 CVHZOJJKTDOEJC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23G—COCOA; COCOA PRODUCTS, e.g. CHOCOLATE; SUBSTITUTES FOR COCOA OR COCOA PRODUCTS; CONFECTIONERY; CHEWING GUM; ICE-CREAM; PREPARATION THEREOF
- A23G4/00—Chewing gum
- A23G4/06—Chewing gum characterised by the composition containing organic or inorganic compounds
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23G—COCOA; COCOA PRODUCTS, e.g. CHOCOLATE; SUBSTITUTES FOR COCOA OR COCOA PRODUCTS; CONFECTIONERY; CHEWING GUM; ICE-CREAM; PREPARATION THEREOF
- A23G4/00—Chewing gum
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23G—COCOA; COCOA PRODUCTS, e.g. CHOCOLATE; SUBSTITUTES FOR COCOA OR COCOA PRODUCTS; CONFECTIONERY; CHEWING GUM; ICE-CREAM; PREPARATION THEREOF
- A23G4/00—Chewing gum
- A23G4/02—Apparatus specially adapted for manufacture or treatment of chewing gum
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23G—COCOA; COCOA PRODUCTS, e.g. CHOCOLATE; SUBSTITUTES FOR COCOA OR COCOA PRODUCTS; CONFECTIONERY; CHEWING GUM; ICE-CREAM; PREPARATION THEREOF
- A23G4/00—Chewing gum
- A23G4/06—Chewing gum characterised by the composition containing organic or inorganic compounds
- A23G4/08—Chewing gum characterised by the composition containing organic or inorganic compounds of the chewing gum base
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Food Science & Technology (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Confectionery (AREA)
- Seasonings (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims (1)
- 【特許請求の範囲】 1.チューインガムベースの個別の製造を必要とせずにチューインガムを連続的 に製造する方法において、 a)少なくともエラストマー及び充填剤を高効率の連続混合装置に添加し、そ してこの連続混合装置においてエラストマー及び充填剤を一緒に混合し; b)脂肪、油、蝋及びエラストマー可塑剤より成るグループから選択された少 なくとも1つの成分を上記連続混合装置に添加し、そしてこの成分を上記連続混 合装置において上記エラストマー及び充填剤と混合し;そして c)少なくとも1つの甘味料及び少なくとも1つの香料を上記連続混合装置に 添加し、そしてこの甘味料及び香料を他の成分と混合して、チューインガム製品 を形成するという段階を備え; d)単一の高効率の連続混合装置を用いて上記段階a)ないしc)を実行する ことを特徴とする方法。 2.上記段階a)ないしc)は、約40以下の混合L/Dを使用して実行する請 求項1に記載の方法。 3.上記段階a)及びb)は、約25以下の混合L/Dを使用して実行する請求 項2に記載の方法。 4.上記段階c)は、約15以下の混合L/Dを使用して実行する請求項2に記 載の方法。 5.上記段階a)ないしc)は、約30以下の全混合L/Dを使用して実行する 請求項1に記載の方法。 6.上記段階a)及びb)は、約20以下の混合L/Dを使用して実行する請求 項5に記載の方法。 7.上記段階c)は、約10以下の混合L/Dを使用して実行する請求項5に記 載の方法。 8.上記段階a)ないしc)は、約20以下の全混合L/Dを使用して実行する 請求項1に記載の方法。 9.上記段階a)及びb)は、約15以下の混合L/Dを使用して実行する請求 項8に記載の方法。 10.上記段階c)は、約5以下の混合L/Dを使用して実行する請求項8に記載 の方法。 11.請求項1に記載の方法により製造されたチューインガム製品。 12.チューインガムベースの個別の製造を必要とせずにチューインガムを連続的 に製造する方法において、 a)少なくともエラストマー及び充填剤を高効率の連続混合装置に添加し; b)上記連続混合装置において少なくともエラストマー及び充填剤に分散性の 混合を受けさせ; c)少なくとも1つの甘味料及び少なくとも1つの香料物質を上記連続混合装 置において上記エラストマー及び充填剤に添加し; d)上記連続混合装置において少なくとも上記甘味料、香料物質、エラストマ ー及び充填剤に分配性混合を受けさせて、チューインガム製品を形成し;そして e)上記チューインガム製品を上記混合装置から連続的に放出する; という段階を備えたことを特徴とする方法。 13.上記エラストマーは、ポリイソブチレン、イソブチレン・イソプレンコポリ マー、スチレンブタジエンコポリマー及びラテックスより成るグループから選択 された成分を含む請求項12に記載の方法。 14.上記段階a)は、ポリビニルアセテート、テルペン樹脂及びその混合物より 成るグループから選択された成分を含むエラストマー可塑剤を添加する段階を更 に備えた請求項12に記載の方法。 15.上記充填剤は、炭酸カルシウム、炭酸マグネシウム、タルク、燐酸2カルシ ウム及びその混合物より成るグループから選択された成分を含む請求項12に記 載の方法。 16.脂肪、油及び蝋より成るグループから選択された少なくとも1つの成分を上 記連続混合装置においてエラストマー及び充填剤に添加し、そしてその少なくと も1つの成分にエラストマー及び充填剤との分配性混合を受けさせる段階を更に 備えた請求項12に記載の方法。 17.上記甘味料は、サッカロース、デキストロース、マルトース、デキストリン 、 乾燥転化糖、フルクトース、レブロース、ガラクトース、コーンシロップ固体、 及びその混合物より成るグループから選択された砂糖甘味料を含む請求項12に 記載の方法。 18.上記甘味料は、糖アルコール、強い強度の甘味料及びその組合せより成るグ ループから選択された無糖甘味料を含む請求項12に記載の方法。 19.上記香料物質は、柑橘果物油、フルーツエッセンス、ペパーミント油、スペ アミント油、他のミント油、丁字油、冬緑油、アニス油及びその混合物より成る グループから選択された成分を含む請求項12に記載の方法。 20.上記連続的な放出は、ダイなしで行われる請求項12に記載の方法。 21.請求項12に記載の方法により製造されたチューインガム製品。 22.チューインガムベースの個別の製造を必要とせずにチューインガムを連続的 に製造する方法において、 a)少なくともエラストマー及び充填剤をブレード及びピンの混合装置に添加 し、そしてブレード及びピンを用いてエラストマー及び充填剤を一緒に混合し; b)脂肪、油、蝋及びエラストマー可塑剤より成るグループから選択された少 なくとも1つの成分を上記ブレード及びピンの混合装置に添加し、そしてこの少 なくとも1つの成分を上記ブレード及びピンを用いて上記エラストマー及び充填 剤と混合し;そして c)少なくとも1つの甘味料及び少なくとも1つの香料を上記ブレード及びピ ンの混合装置に添加し、そしてこの甘味料及び香料を他の成分と混合して、チュ ーインガム製品を形成する; という段階を備えたことを特徴とする方法。 23.上記ブレード及びピンの混合装置は、第1、第2、第3、第4及び第5の混 合ゾーンを含む請求項22に記載の方法。 24.上記段階a)及びb)は、実質的に第5の混合ゾーンの前に行われる請求項 23に記載の方法。 25.上記段階a)は、実質的に第3の混合ゾーンの前に行われる請求項23に記 載の方法。 26.上記段階c)は、実質的に第3の混合ゾーンの前に行われる請求項23に記 載の方法。 27.上記ブレードは、約150rpm以下で回転する混合スクリューに取り付け られる請求項22に記載の方法。 28.上記混合スクリューは、約100rpm以下で回転する請求項27に記載の 方法。 29.請求項22の方法により製造されたチューインガム製品。 30.水溶性のバルク部分と、非水溶性のガムベースと、1つ以上の香料物質を含 むチューインガム製品であって、 a)少なくともエラストマー及び充填剤を高効率の連続混合装置に添加し、そ してこの連続混合装置においてエラストマー及び充填剤を一緒に混合し; b)脂肪、油、蝋及びエラストマー可塑剤より成るグループから選択された少 なくとも1つの成分を上記連続混合装置に添加し、そしてこの成分を上記連続混 合装置において上記エラストマー及び充填剤と混合して、ガムベースを形成し; そして c)少なくとも1つのバルク甘味料及び少なくとも1つの香料を上記連続混合 装置に添加し、そしてこの甘味料及び香料を他の成分と混合して、チューインガ ム製品を形成し; d)ガムの全調製が同じ連続混合装置に一体化された; というプロセスにより調製されたことを特徴とするチューインガム製品。 31.上記エラストマーは、ポリイソブチレン、イソブチレン・イソプレンコポリ マー、スチレン・ブタジエンコポリマー及び天然ラテックス及びその組合せより 成るグループから選択され、上記段階a)で添加されて混合される成分を含む請 求項30に記載のチューインガム製品。 32.ポリビニルアセテート、テルペン樹脂及びその組合せより成るグループから 選択され、上記段階b)において添加されて混合されるエラストマー可塑剤を含 む請求項30に記載のチューインガム製品。 33.動物脂肪、植物油及びその組合せより成るグループから選択され、上記段階 b)において添加されて混合される脂肪/油を含む請求項30に記載のチュー インガム製品。 34.石油蝋、天然蝋、ポリエチレン蝋、及びその組合せより成るグループから選 択され、上記段階b)において添加されて混合される蝋を含む請求項30に記載 のチューインガム製品。 35.上記充填剤は、炭酸カルシウム、炭酸マグネシウム、タルク、燐酸2カルシ ウム及びその組合せより成るグループから選択され、上記段階a)において添加 されて混合される成分を含む請求項30に記載のチューインガム製品。 36.上記バルク甘味料は、サッカロース、デキストロース、マルトース、デキス トリン、乾燥転化糖、フルクトース、レブロース、ガラクトース、コーンシロッ プ、及びその組合せより成るグループから選択され、上記段階c)において添加 されそして混合される砂糖甘味料を含む請求項30に記載のチューインガム製品 。 37.上記バルク甘味料は、ソルビトール、マニトール、キシリトール、水素処理 された澱粉水解物、マルチトール、及びその組合せより成るグループから選択さ れ、上記段階c)において添加されそして混合される無糖甘味料を含む請求項3 0に記載のチューインガム製品。
Applications Claiming Priority (5)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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US30536394A | 1994-09-13 | 1994-09-13 | |
US08/305,363 | 1994-09-13 | ||
US08/362,254 US5543160A (en) | 1994-09-13 | 1994-12-22 | Total chewing gum manufacture using high efficiency continuous mixing |
US08/362,254 | 1994-12-22 | ||
PCT/US1995/010996 WO1996008163A1 (en) | 1994-09-13 | 1995-08-29 | Total chewing gum manufacture using continuous mixing |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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JPH10508464A true JPH10508464A (ja) | 1998-08-25 |
JP3636469B2 JP3636469B2 (ja) | 2005-04-06 |
Family
ID=26974552
Family Applications (3)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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JP8510152A Pending JPH10502541A (ja) | 1994-09-13 | 1995-03-13 | ガムベースの連続製造方法 |
JP8510153A Expired - Fee Related JP2927556B2 (ja) | 1994-09-13 | 1995-03-13 | ガム基剤の製造方法 |
JP51021496A Expired - Fee Related JP3636469B2 (ja) | 1994-09-13 | 1995-08-29 | 連続混合を用いた全チューインガム製造方法 |
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JP8510152A Pending JPH10502541A (ja) | 1994-09-13 | 1995-03-13 | ガムベースの連続製造方法 |
JP8510153A Expired - Fee Related JP2927556B2 (ja) | 1994-09-13 | 1995-03-13 | ガム基剤の製造方法 |
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US (7) | US5614234A (ja) |
JP (3) | JPH10502541A (ja) |
CN (3) | CN1067855C (ja) |
AU (14) | AU712936B2 (ja) |
CA (14) | CA2199608C (ja) |
FI (3) | FI971027A0 (ja) |
MX (1) | MX9701897A (ja) |
PL (3) | PL319123A1 (ja) |
WO (1) | WO1996008163A1 (ja) |
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1995
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- 1995-03-13 AU AU21179/95A patent/AU712936B2/en not_active Ceased
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- 1995-03-13 CN CN95195045A patent/CN1067855C/zh not_active Expired - Lifetime
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- 1995-09-13 AU AU30620/95A patent/AU688935B2/en not_active Ceased
- 1995-09-13 AU AU30631/95A patent/AU688942B2/en not_active Ceased
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1996
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1997
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