JPH10266343A - House - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To decrease the number of kinds for building materials to be used and to reduce the cost for building greatly by a method wherein floors, external walls and roofs of a house are constructed by combining columnlike building materials processible out of building materials in the same sectional shape and length. SOLUTION: With columnlike building materials processible out of building materials in the same sectional shape and length used, ground sills 3, floors 4, walls 5, roofs 6 and others are constructed, and thereby a house 1 is built. For a part requiring a member in the width wider than the building material, the member made up by sticking a plurality of the building materials together and connected in the breadthwise direction is used. For a part requiring a member in the thickness thicker than the building material, the member made up by bundling a plurality of the building materials is used. Furthermore, for a part requiring a member in the length longer than the building material, the member made up by connecting a plurality of the building materials in the lengthwise direction is used. Therefore, the number of kinds for shapes and qualities of building materials can be reduced and the number of stages for executing works can be reduced, contributing to an extensive decrease of building cost.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a house in which the number of types of building materials used is reduced, the number of building materials used is reduced, the cost required for building is reduced, and the construction period is shortened.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Attempts to reduce building costs by standardizing the cross section of building materials have been made for a long time. For example, in a construction method called a two-by-four (2 × 4) construction method, a cross section of 2 × 4 is used.
The frame of the house is constructed by combining timber having a standardized cross section based on timber of inches.

However, in general, when designing a building, the strength (bending direction strength, compression direction strength, etc.) required for the building material depends on which part of the building material is used. And the lengths are different, and the types of building materials have not been reduced sufficiently. For example, in the above-mentioned two-by-four construction method, even if wood having a cross section of 2 × 4 inches is suitable for a part where the required strength is relatively low, the strength is extremely insufficient to be used as a load-bearing structural material for supporting the weight of a building. In addition to using wood of 4 × 4 inches or the like, a structural plywood is nailed to a skeleton made of these woods, and the weight of the building is supported by the strength of the structural plywood (wall assembly method).

[0004] As described above, in the conventional construction method, the shape and material of the building material are appropriately selected depending on which part of the building is used, the necessary building materials are calculated in advance in the required quantity, and each is ordered. They need to be ordered and the process is complicated. Also, at the stage of assembling these, there are many types of building materials, so for example, it is necessary to follow a multi-step process of forming a skeleton, inserting heat insulating material and hitting a plate material, and finally finishing There was a long construction period.

When a long building material is required,
The cost of transporting it is high. further,
Long and thick building materials are expensive in themselves. Particularly in the case of wood, the tendency is strong. For example, if the cross-sectional area is doubled, the price is several times.

[0006]

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention reduces building costs by reducing the shape and type of building materials required for building a house and eliminating the need for thicker and longer building materials. It is an object of the present invention to provide a house that does not require a long construction period by reducing the number of processes.

[0007]

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION To achieve this object, the present invention relates to a method for constructing a floor, an outer wall and a roof using a columnar building material, wherein a member having a width wider than the width of the building material is used. A necessary part is formed by joining a plurality of the building materials in a width direction by closely contacting each other, and a part requiring a member thicker than the thickness of the building material is used by bundling a plurality of the building materials. In addition, in a portion requiring a member longer than the length of the building material, a material obtained by connecting a plurality of the building materials in a length direction is used.

[0008] Each of the building materials may have a shape that can be processed from building materials having the same cross-sectional shape and length.
In the case where the building material is spliced in the width direction, a hole matching the joint surface of the building material is provided in each building material, and a rod-shaped member may be inserted into this hole. In the case of joining a plurality of joints in the length direction and joining the plurality of joints in the width direction, the joints in the length direction may be arranged at positions shifted from each other in the width direction.

[0009]

Next, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. FIG. 1 is a perspective view showing a frame structure of a house according to an embodiment of the present invention, FIG. 2 is a perspective view showing a basic form of building materials constituting the house, FIG. It is a bayonet. FIG. 3 is a perspective view showing a state where the building materials are joined in the width direction.
FIG. 5 is a perspective view showing a state in which the building materials are bundled, and FIG. 5 is a perspective view showing a state in which the building materials are joined in the width direction and the length direction.

A house 1 shown in FIG. 1 is constructed by a method similar to a so-called school building method, in which 2 is a foundation, 3 is a base, 4 is a floor, 5 is a wall, and 6 is a roof (shed structure). .

The base 3 to the roof 6 are constituted by columnar building materials 7 shown in FIG. 2A. The cross-sectional shape of the building material 7 is reasonable if the number of types is small because the cost of sawing can be reduced and the assembling can be simplified. In particular, the building material 7 of this embodiment has the same cross-sectional shape and length. It is a shape that can be processed from building materials. In this embodiment, the cross section is 105 mm.
× 105 mm (3.5 square), length 2700 mm (about 1
It is formed from a square piece having a size of
It may be formed from a square material of 20 mm × 120 mm (4 dimensions square). In addition, these cross-sectional dimensions are based on Japanese standards, and the cost can be reduced by using these standard products as the building material 7, but other dimensions may be used. If the shape of the building material 7 can be machined from building materials having the same cross-sectional shape and length, such as when the side surface of the building material 7 is cut as shown in FIG. The cost of purchasing building materials can be kept low.

As the material of the building material 7, in addition to wood such as cedar wood and hinoki wood, various materials which have been developed, such as wood substitutes,
Materials having characteristics suitable for building a house are selected from the viewpoints of strength (bending strength, compressive strength, etc.), durability, and heat insulation.

In this embodiment, a penetrating or non-penetrating hole 71 having an inner diameter of 30 mm is formed in this building material 7 in principle.
The plug 72, which is a bar-shaped member having a diameter of 30 mm and inserted at an interval of 0 mm, is inserted into the hole 71, thereby strengthening the connection of the plurality of building materials 7. The plug 72 is made of hard wood having a high specific gravity, such as oak. Further, if the cross section of the hole 71 and the plug 72 is circular, it is easy to process, but it may be square or the like.

If the building material 7 has insufficient strength in the cross-sectional area, such as when the building material 7 is used as a beam, or if a large area is required for use as a floor, wall, ceiling or roof, FIG.
The construction materials 7 are joined in the width direction as shown in FIG. in this case,
If the seaming surfaces are brought into close contact with each other, airtightness can be obtained, so that it is not necessary to use a plate material for finishing the interior and exterior, and it can function as a floor, wall, ceiling and roof as it is It is possible. However, this does not prevent installation of finishing materials such as installation of tiles on the roof. In addition, the joint surface can be appropriately processed and joined by using a joint force of a joint such as an intermittent joint as shown in FIG. 3, for example.

In the case where the thickness is still insufficient even if the building materials 7 are joined in the width direction and the strength is insufficient, a plurality of the building materials 7 are bundled as shown in FIG. A large strength can be obtained by bundling the four building materials 7 and making the width and thickness twice as large as those of the building materials 7. In this case as well, it is possible to perform the jointing, and as shown in FIG. 4, holes are made in the building material 7 from two directions (in this embodiment, from the two side surfaces of the prism), and each building material 7 is inserted through a plug. It is possible to perform a join.

When the building material 7 is insufficient in length, for example, when it is used as a beam with a long girder or a horizontal wall material, the building material 7 is joined in the length direction. In the present embodiment, as shown in FIG. 5, the building material 7 is spliced in the length direction, and at the same time, the spliced timber is further spliced or bundled in the width direction. By making the positions different from each other with respect to the seam 73 in the longitudinal direction of the adjacent building material, the strength is not reduced at the seam 73. In addition, building materials 7
If it is too long, it may be cut to the required length.

For example, when the spigot 72 is inserted into a wall material, high strength can be obtained by using a single long spigot penetrating from the base to the eaves girder. When the positions of the cuts are shifted from each other (see FIG. 9), the strength increases.

According to the present embodiment, since the spigot 72 facilitates the positioning of splicing and assembly, there are many parts that can be carried out by a person who does not have a high level of skill.

The holes 71 are not particularly difficult to be drilled one by one at the construction site. However, by drilling holes in the building material factory and transporting them to the site, the cost of construction can be further reduced and the exact position can be reduced. It is possible to make holes. It is not difficult to process the hiccup surface (FIG. 3) in the case of performing a joint break or the like, but it is possible to further reduce the cost and facilitate the work if performed in a factory.

According to this embodiment, since the building material 7 is a thick wall, a floor, a ceiling and a roof as it is, and the heat insulating material is not covered with the plate material, there is a concern that dew condensation in the wall occurs. There is no.

Further, in this embodiment, only the hole 71 and the plug 72 are used as a method of fixing the building material, and nails and other hardware are not used. Therefore, the building materials 7 are detachably connected or bundled with each other, and the building 1 can be dismantled without damaging the building materials 7 only by pulling out the plug 71, so that valuable building materials as resources are reused. Can be used. In addition, since building materials are not degraded due to oxidation of nails and other hardware, the life of the house can be extended.

Next, a method of building a house according to the present invention will be described. Figure 6 is an illustration of root cutting, ground work and foundation work,
7 is an explanatory diagram of a base installation work, FIG. 8 is an explanatory diagram of a floor material installation work, FIG. 9 is an explanatory diagram of a wall installation work, and FIG. 10 is an explanatory diagram of a roof installation work. The house according to the invention is shown in FIGS.
b, 6c, 6d, 7a, 7b, 8, 9, and 10 in this order.

First, as shown in FIG. 6A, a hole 20 is dug in the ground (root cutting). Standing stones are arranged at the bottom of the root, and concrete is thrown from above. The structure and the number of installations are determined as appropriate so that the earth business has sufficient bearing capacity to support the foundation.

Next, a foundation is provided on the local business. In this embodiment, as shown in FIG. 6, the foundation is an independent foundation, and the foundation is constructed by combining five rectangular parallelepiped stones per independent foundation. Four of the five stones 21 are installed at the bottom of the foundation (FIG. 6c), and the remaining one 26 is installed thereon (FIG. 6d). The lower four stone materials 21 are each cut off at one corner of the upper surface, and when the four stone materials 21 are combined, form a depression 22 into which the upper one stone 26 is fitted from above. Hollow 22
Is set to a sufficient depth so that the upper single stone 26 does not come off due to an earthquake, wind, or the like. A concave portion 27 for embedding a base is formed on the upper surface of one upper stone 26. The depth of the concave portion 27 is set to a sufficient depth so that the base does not come off due to an earthquake, wind, or the like. A drain hole (not shown) penetrating the stone 26 is provided at the center of the recess 27 so that water does not accumulate in the recess 27.

The five stone materials 21 and 26 can be separated from each other in this embodiment, and can be removed and replaced by supporting the base with a jack or the like even after the completion of construction. Thus, when a part of the foundation is damaged or the ground changes, it is possible to replace the foundation material, adjust the height of the base, and the like.

Next, as shown in FIG. 7, a base is provided on the foundation. The building material 7 is provided in the concave portion 27 provided on the upper surface of the foundation.
Into the base 3. If the length or width of the building material is insufficient, use the seamed material as described above. At the portion 35 where the base timbers intersect, a connection is formed by a method such as a break joint. This base contributes to the support of the inner wall and the strengthening of the floor when the inner base 32 as well as the outer base 31 are installed. Further, an independent foundation (not shown) for supporting the base 32 installed inside may be provided.

Next, a floor set is installed. As shown in FIG. 8, the building materials 7 are arranged and joined at the height of the top of the base,
Floor 4. As a connection for fixing the floor material to the base 3, there is a method in which the inner surface of the base and both ends of the floor material are cut off to form a joint. In addition, plug 72 between each floor material
If it passes through, the bonding force between flooring materials will become strong.

In the case where the outer base 31 is assembled first when the outer base 31 is first assembled, when the outer base 31 and the inner base 32 are connected and the floor material 4 and the base 3 are connected to each other. Since it is difficult to insert the base material 32 and the floor material 4, when installing the base and the floor assembly, first, the inner base 32 is installed, then the floor material 4 is assembled, and the outer base 31 is installed later.

Next, as shown in FIG. 9, the wall is assembled. In the present embodiment, the building material 7 is assembled into the wall 5 so as to be horizontal to the ground. If the wall has sufficient thickness and strength to support the weight of the roof, it is not necessary to use columns. In order to fix the joint portion between the wall materials, it is possible to use a method such as partial joining, actual joining, or the like, in addition to using the plug 72. For the joint at the intersection of the wall materials, a method such as a joint joint is used. When there are openings such as windows and doorways, vertical members 51 are used on both sides of the openings.

When pillars are used, four building materials 7 are bundled and used in order to form a continuous pillar in the case of a two-story building. Assemble according to the required strength.

The upper part of the first-floor wall is desirably reinforced by a method such as bundling the building materials 7 so as to support the ceiling (not shown) of the first-floor. The ceiling on the first floor is installed on the beams in the same way as the floor on the first floor is installed on the base. In the case of a two-story building, a second-floor floor and a second-floor ceiling are also provided, but if the first-floor ceiling has a sufficient thickness, the first-floor ceiling can also serve as the second-floor floor. In the case of a three-story building, a third-floor floor and a third-floor ceiling are similarly provided.

After the ceiling on the top floor is provided, the roof is provided next. The roof 6 in the present embodiment is a gable-shaped roof that is inclined from the center line in the direction A (girder direction) shown in FIG. Of the upper part of the wall, the two sides in the girder direction are eaves girders 56, and the outer walls 57 on the other two sides (in the direction of the gap) are piled up while gradually shortening the length according to the slope of the roof, and at the top Pass the purlin 58 for directions. The eaves girder 56 and purlin 58 are connected to the building material 7 in the width direction (height direction in FIG. 10) to support the roof 6, and are reinforced.
Horizontal members 62 and 63, vertical members 6 to reinforce the roof
4 and fix it to the roof frame through a stopper.

Finally, the roof material 61 is hung. Roofs can be passed through plugs to strengthen the connection with each other. The top of the slope of the roof is where the slopes of the roof intersect, where they are joined by a split seam and the plug is passed through.

According to the construction method of the house of this embodiment, when assembling the wall material 5, the floor assembly 4 has already been completed, and even if an operator falls from the wall, it will be used as a concrete foundation. There is no need to worry about falling, and it is expected that painful accidents due to falling will be reduced. Further, according to the method for manufacturing a house of the present embodiment, the ceiling on the top floor is already formed when the roof is installed. Therefore, the worker's scaffolding is secured not only on the beams but also on the ceiling of the top floor, so that the installation work of the roof can proceed extremely safely.

If a wall material or a roof material used above a wall, which is installed at a high place from the ground, is too long and is made of a thick material, it is difficult for a small number of people to lift and install the material. If it is impossible to lift, large equipment such as a crane is required. Therefore, if it is possible to splice the length direction or the width direction as needed even with a short material as in the present invention, the material can be raised to a high place in a unit of light weight, and then the necessary size can be obtained. It can be easily assembled.

In the construction of a house according to the present invention, if a necessary code is given to each of the required building materials at the design stage in advance, the position where the building materials are to be used and the order of assembly are described in detail. It is possible to instruct. In this way, the building site can be assembled according to the numbers and instructions, and the building site can be easily constructed without a very high level of specialized knowledge and skills.

[0037]

According to the present invention, the construction cost can be greatly reduced by reducing the shape and type of the building material and eliminating the need for thick and long building materials. Further, by reducing the types and the number of building materials to be used, the number of steps can be reduced, and the construction period can be shortened.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a perspective view showing a frame structure of a house according to an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a perspective view showing a basic form of a building material constituting the house.

FIG. 3 is a perspective view showing a state where the building materials are joined in a width direction.

FIG. 4 is a perspective view showing a state in which the building materials are bundled.

FIG. 5 is a perspective view showing a state where the building materials are joined in a width direction and a length direction.

FIG. 6 is an explanatory diagram of root cutting, ground work, and foundation work.

FIG. 7 is an explanatory view of a base installation work.

FIG. 8 is an explanatory view of flooring installation work.

FIG. 9 is an explanatory view of a wall installation work.

FIG. 10 is an explanatory view of a roof installation work.

[Explanation of symbols]

 DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 House 2 Foundation 3 Base 4 Floor 5 Wall 6 Roof 7 Building material 71 Hole 72 Bar-shaped member (plug) 73 Seam when connecting in the length direction

Continued on the front page (51) Int.Cl. ⁶ Identification code FI E04C 3/12 E04C 3/12 3/36 3/36

Claims (4)

[Claims] 1. A house in which a floor, an outer wall and a roof are formed using columnar building materials, a plurality of the building materials are brought into close contact with each other at a portion where a member having a width larger than the width of the building materials is required. Those that are joined in the direction are used, and a part that requires a member thicker than the thickness of the building material is used by bundling a plurality of the building materials, and a part that requires a member longer than the length of the building material is used. A house in which a plurality of the building materials are connected in a length direction. 2. The house according to claim 1, wherein each of the building materials has a shape that can be processed from building materials having the same cross-sectional shape and length. 3. The method according to claim 1, wherein when a plurality of said building materials are spliced in the width direction, holes are formed in each of the building materials so as to be aligned at a joint surface of said building materials, and a rod-shaped member is inserted into said holes. The house according to paragraph 2. 4. In the case where a plurality of the building materials are spliced in a length direction and the plurality of spliced materials are spliced in a width direction,
The house according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the seams in the length direction are arranged at positions shifted from each other in the width direction.