JP2836448B2 - Wooden building - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a wooden building, and more particularly to a wooden building suitable for a three-story house or an apartment house.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art As a conventional structure of a wooden building, a framed structure and a framed wall structure are known. Its frame structure is
Frame members such as columns and beams are assembled in horizontal and vertical directions, and the frame members are reinforced with diagonal braces to obtain a predetermined structural strength. Further, in the framework wall structure, a so-called two-by-four construction method, a load-bearing wall and a floor portion made into a kit are assembled to obtain a predetermined structural strength.

[0003]

In the above-mentioned conventional frame structure, since the frame material is reinforced by bracing or studs to obtain strength, the force is concentrated on the joints of the columns and beams, and the other parts are concentrated. The strength and variability of the parts are liable to occur. For example, in the case of constructing a three-story house with a wooden structure, there is a problem that it is difficult to obtain a sufficient structural strength, and there is a problem that structural calculation for the structure is complicated. . In addition, since many braces and studs are required in addition to the framing material, for example, when heat insulating material is provided on the wall, the braces and studs will be in the way, and in general, the interior of the wall and floor will be Because of the communication structure, when the wall burns, there is also a fire protection problem that the fire easily burns into the floor.

On the other hand, in the framed wall structure, since the bearing wall serving as the wall portion is formed in a frame shape, fire from the wall portion is difficult to burn to the floor portion, and the standard and strength of the members used are systematized. Therefore, the structural calculation is relatively easy. However, because the floor has a structure in which floor and ceiling materials are provided along the top and bottom of a plurality of lateral joists, the vibration of the floor material resonates with the ceiling material and sound is easily transmitted downstairs. In the framework wall structure, when building a building, the walls are assembled from the bottom, such as assembling the wall from the bottom, assembling the floor at the top, and assembling the wall at the top, etc. In the frame structure, for example, it takes about two days to complete the roof foundation work, whereas it takes 1-2 to construct the roof.
There was a problem that it took about a week, and if it rained during this time, it would wet the framework.

Accordingly, the present invention provides a wooden building in which the structural calculation is easy, the structural strength can be effectively obtained, the fire resistance and the sound insulation are excellent, and the floor for separating the upper and lower floors can be easily constructed. The purpose is to provide things.

[0006]

According to the first aspect of the present invention, a pillar
While fixing the joining metal fittings,
Forming a insertion groove at both ends of the base member and the transverse beam member, the horizontal direction of the base member, the cross beam member and a vertical direction of the pillars, front
It includes serial and framing structure joined by the joining metal, and the bearing wall to be incorporated into the framing structure and a floor structure which partitions the upper and lower floors are integrated into the opening between the cross beam member, the base member, the cross beam The members and columns are formed from glulam, and the floor structure is provided corresponding to the opening between the cross beam members and is incorporated in the opening, a plurality of joists laid horizontally in the frame, and the frame. A floor product made of structural plywood attached to the upper surface of the joist, and a floor end of the floor structure incorporated in the opening, with the lower end of the joist being a free end,
A ceiling material is provided at an interval from the lower end of the free joist , and a side opening between the floor material and the ceiling material is closed by the cross beam member.

According to a second aspect of the present invention, the base member, the cross beam member, and the pillar are formed of an industrialized wooden structural material. The industrialized wooden structural material is formed by molding a veneer from a log, drying the veneer, and removing defects. Removed part, removed this defect
A veneer is cut to form a piece of wood, and the pieces of wood are laminated approximately parallel to the fiber direction, and an adhesive is applied .
It is formed by hot-pressing using an microwave curing device .

[0008]

The of claim 1 configured [act], base member made of a condensing formation material, and the bar with a fixed cross beam member and joint device, and bearing walls,
The floor structure and the like are assembled at the site to construct a wooden building having a predetermined strength, and the wooden building is placed under the joist of the floor structure.
Since spaced between the lower end and the ceiling member end as a free end, it not easily transmitted vibration downstairs, further comprising: a floor member and the ceiling member
It becomes difficult for the fire of the wall to be transmitted to the inside of the floor due to the cross beam member that closes the side opening. Moreover, since the floor structure is manufactured at the factory, the floor structure may be installed and fixed in the floor section, and the workability at the site can be improved.

According to a second aspect of the present invention, there is provided a microwave curing process.
The strength of the base member, the cross beam member, and the column is increased by using the industrialized wood structural material formed by hot-pressing using the processing device .

[0010]

Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. FIGS. 1 to 11 show an embodiment of the present invention. In FIGS. 1 to 9, the main structure of the present invention will be described, and the structure relating to the floor structure will be described with reference to FIGS.
1 will be described. As shown in the figure, a base member 2 which is a frame member of 140 mm in length and 140 mm in width is provided on the upper part of the concrete foundation 1, and a square having a side of about 140 mm is formed between the base members 2. A pillar 3 which is a frame material to be formed is erected, and the base member 2 and the pillar 3 are joined via a joint fitting. Also, between the pillars 3,3,
A cross beam member 5, which is a frame member, is laid horizontally corresponding to the second floor, the third floor, and the roof portion of the building, and the cross beam member 5 has a width of about 140 mm and a height of about 286 mm, and is connected to the column 3 by a metal fitting. 4
Are joined through. Further, a roof body 8 in which a plurality of tarks 6 are assembled and a structural plywood 7 is mounted on the upper part is fixed to the upper part of the cross beam member 5 in the roof part. The joining fitting 4 is
As shown in FIGS. 4 and 5, a metal plate is formed in a U-shape and has a back plate 9 and both side plates 10 and 10, and a plurality of bolt insertion holes 11 are formed in the back plate 9. And the both side plates 10,
The first and second cut-out first and second penetration portions 12 and 13 each having an open upper portion are formed in the lower portion 10 and a fixing hole is formed in a lower side.
14 are formed. As shown in FIG. 4, a pair of penetration grooves 15, 15 are formed at both ends of the base member 2 and the pillar 3 so as to correspond to the side plates 10, 10, and the penetration grooves 15, 15 are formed.
The leading end portion is cut to form a recess 16, and a pin hole 17 is formed corresponding to the first and second penetration portions 12 and 13, and a pin hole 17 is formed corresponding to the fixing hole 14. A pin driving hole 18 is formed. Then, as shown in FIG. 5, the joint fittings 4 are arranged on both sides of the column 3, and both are fixed to the column 3 with through bolts 19, while the cross beam member 5 is
The pin 20 is driven into the pin hole 17 and fixed.
The fitting grooves 15, 15 are fitted from above in accordance with the side plates 10, 10 of the joint fitting 4. Then, the pin 20 of the cross beam member 5 engages with each of the penetrating portions 15 and 15 of the joint 4 and is aligned. By driving in, the cross beam member 5 is joined to the column 3. When the cross beam member 5 is fixed to the four sides of the column 3, a through bolt 19A is inserted in a crossing direction at a position different from the through bolt 19 in FIG. I do. Further, the joint fitting 4 is obtained by determining a predetermined value of the joint strength of the frame material as a known value based on its own strength and the attachment strength of the through bolt 19 and the like. Also, a joining metal fitting 4A for joining the base member 2 and the column 3 has a flat U-shape, and the base member 2 is also provided with the penetration groove.
The base member 2 is fixed to the concrete foundation 1 by fixing bolts (not shown). Then the base member 2, column 3, constitute a more framing structure G to the cross beam member 5 and the joint device 4, 4A.

On the inner surface side of the cross beam member 5, mounting brackets 21 are fixed to each other with nails or the like, and are fixed to each other.
Reference numeral 21 denotes a substantially U-shaped front surface, and a plurality of nail holes 22
A is formed, and both ends of the joist 23 are attached to the mounting brackets 21 respectively.
Is inserted from above and nails are nailed through nail holes 22A, whereby a plurality of joists 23 are laid horizontally on the floors 24 and 24A on the second and third floors. Further, a floor material 25 made of structural plywood is fixed on the joist 23, and a ceiling material 26 is provided at an interval from the joist 23. The periphery of the floor member 25 abuts on the upper surface of the cross beam member 5, and the periphery of the ceiling member 26 abuts on the lower surface of the cross beam member 5.
A side opening S between the floor material 25 and the ceiling material 26 of A is closed by the cross beam member 5 which is a frame material. Also, the floor of the first floor
27, the mounting bracket 21A is fixed to the base member 2, and laterally disposed the joists 23A between the mounting bracket 21A, is provided with a flooring 25 ing from structural plywood on top of the joists 23A. Further, a ceiling member 26 is provided below the roof 8, and a heat insulating material 28 having a thickness of about 200 mm is provided above the ceiling member 26 by blowing.

Further, a wooden load-bearing wall K manufactured in a factory is incorporated in the side opening 29 of the framed structure G, that is, the opening between the columns 3 and 3 and the cross beams 5 and 5. ,
The load-bearing wall K is provided on upper and lower frames 31, 31A on the back surface of the structural plywood 30.
And left and right frames 32 and 32A are attached.
31A, 32, 32A are incorporated in the side opening 29, and a so-called two-by-four dimension lumbar having a plurality of stats 33 vertically provided between upper and lower frames 31, 31A is used. Use something. In the figure, reference numeral 34 denotes a heat insulating material such as a urethane board having a thickness of about 30 mm provided on the inner surface of the concrete foundation 1 and the outer surface of the building, and 35 denotes an interior material. No exterior material is provided.

The base member 2, the pillar 3 and the cross beam member 5 are
It is formed from a large section laminated wood for structural use (hereinafter referred to as laminated wood) or Paralum PSL (trade name, manufactured by A Limited Partnership), which is an industrialized wood structural material, and the laminated wood is as shown in the sectional view of FIG. In addition, from natural wood,
Multiple layers of plate material 41 from which cracks and cut parts have been removed,
These are adhered with an adhesive (not shown) such as a resorcinol resin, and their water content is, for example, 14 to 15%. The laminated wood has a strength performance of 1.5 times or more as compared with general wood, and the strength in structural calculation is not constant in general wood due to the presence of major lines, cracks, and cut portions. On the other hand, in the glued lumber, the numerical values such as the cross-sectional area, cross-sectional modulus, second moment of cross-section, bending force, compressive force, shear force allowable stress and Young's modulus required for structural calculation are It is constant for each type. In addition, the paralam PSL forms a veneer from a log, sorts out a portion that becomes a defect after drying, cuts the veneer from which the defect has been removed to form a strand (a piece of wood), and places the strand in the fiber direction. Laminated substantially in parallel, after applying the adhesive , obtained by hot-pressing using a microwave curing device, compared with the laminated wood, bending, tensile, compression, any of such as shearing force For example, Pararam PSL having a width of 133 mm and a height of 286 mm has a high allowable stress, such as an allowable shear force of 3045 Kg and an allowable bending moment of 2810 Kgf / cm ² .

FIG. 8 and FIG. 9 show an example in which the design of the wooden building of the present invention and the frame members are standardized, and as shown in FIG.
The combination of the column 3 and the cross beam member 5 or the base member 2 is standardized, and the basic structure 51 is set to have a dimension between planes 1 × 1 as shown in the upper left portion in the figure.
In mm, the cross beam member 5 is standardized as 140 × 286 mm, and the strength is calculated in accordance with the dimension between 1 × 1. In the first floor portion, the cross beam members 5 and 140 are used.
A standardized strength calculation was performed for the combination of the base member 2 of × 140 mm and the basic structure 5 between 1 × 1.5
2, the basic structure 53 between 1 × 2, the basic structure 54 between 1 × 2.5, the basic structure 55 between 1.5 × 1.5, 1.5
Basic structure 56 between 2 × 2, basic structure 57 between 1.5 × 2.5, basic structure 58 between 2 × 2, basic structure 59 between 2 × 2.5 The basic structure 60 between 5 × 2.5 is set, the dimensions of the framing material are standardized in accordance with these basic structures, the strength is calculated, and the design of the building is performed by combining these basic structures. And, for example, as shown in FIG.
A layout is designed by combining a plurality of basic structures, and a building is designed based on the known structural strength of each basic structure.

Next, the construction method of the wooden building will be described. The base member 2, the pillar 3 and the cross beam member 5 serving as the frame members are manufactured to predetermined dimensions in a factory, and the base member 2 and the cross beam member 5 are manufactured in advance. Both ends are subjected to processing corresponding to the joint fittings 4 and 4A. In addition, the joining fittings 4 and 4A are fixed to predetermined positions of the pillar 3 in advance at a factory. Then, at the site, the base member 2 is fixed to the concrete foundation 1, and the column 3 is joined to the base member 2 via the joint fitting 4A to erect the column 3, and further, the cross beam member 5 between the floors is connected. Joint fitting 4
To form a framed structure G, and the roof 8 assembled in a predetermined shape on the ground is lifted and attached by a crane (not shown) or the like. In this case, since the material is pre-fabricated in a predetermined shape at the factory, the on-site construction is reduced, the installation of the roof 8 can be completed in about 1 to 2 days, and the base member 2 Attach the mounting bracket 21A by using the joists 23 between the mounting brackets 21A.
A is installed at the site, and a mounting bracket 21 is previously mounted on the horizontal beam member 5 on the second and third floors at a factory, and a joist 23 is mounted between the mounting brackets 21. Attach the floor members 24 and 24A, and as shown in the drawing,
Is a free end, a ceiling member 26 is attached at a distance from the lower end of the joist 23, and a load-bearing wall K is attached to at least the side opening 21 of the framed structure G. Build things. Further, referring to FIG. 6, in the floor portion 24A on the third floor, the cross beam member 5A on one side is mounted one step lower, and the joist 23 is protruded above the cross beam member 5A to form an overhang portion 42 outside. I have.

In such a structural calculation of a wooden building, a framed structure G is formed from a framed material made of glued laminated timber, and the strength of the framed structure G mainly against the vertical load of the building is obtained. On the other hand, the strength against the horizontal load is mainly obtained by the bearing wall K, and the strength required for the strength calculation and the structural calculation of the laminated wall, the bearing wall K used for the two-by-four construction method, and the joint fittings 4 and 4A. By using a member having a clear value and a constant performance, structural calculations can be easily performed.

Next, referring to FIG. 10 and FIG.
To explain the configuration using floor structure for construction of 4, 24A,
A floor structure 61 that partitions the upper and lower floors in the factory is formed in advance, and this floor structure 61 is framed in four directions corresponding to the opening of the floor 27.
62, a plurality of joists 23 are horizontally arranged between the frames 62, and a floor material 25 made of structural plywood is attached to the upper surfaces of the frames 62 and the joists 23. The floor structure 61 is assembled between the openings of the 24A, that is, between the cross beams 5, and is fixed using nails or the like, and the ceiling member 26 is attached at an interval from the joist 23. Similarly, the floor section 27 on the first floor has a frame 62 as well.
Floor structure where A, joist 23A and floor material 25 were integrally manufactured at the factory
Attach 61A between base members 2 on site .

As described above, in this embodiment , the joints 4 and 4A are fixed to the column 3 and
The base member 2 and the penetrating groove 15 into which the joint fittings 4 and 4A are fitted are formed.
Formed at both ends of the cross beam member 5, the horizontal direction of the base member 2, the cross beam member 5 and the vertical pillar 3, and framing structure G joined by connecting bracket 4, 4A, incorporated into the framing structure G And a floor structure 61 that is incorporated in the opening between the cross beams 5 and 5 and separates the upper and lower floors.
The cross beam member 5 and the pillar 3 are formed from glued laminated timber, and the floor structure 61 is formed.
Is a frame 62 provided corresponding to the opening between the cross beams 5 and 5 and incorporated in the opening, and a plurality of joists 23 laid horizontally in the frame 62.
And a floor material 25 made of a structural plywood attached to the upper surface of the frame 62 and the joist 23, wherein the lower end of the joist 23 of the floor structure 61 incorporated in the opening is a free end.
A ceiling member 26 is provided at a distance from the lower end of the free joist 23 , and a side opening S between the floor member 25 and the ceiling member 26 is provided.
Therefore, even if the wall burns, it is difficult for the fire to burn into the inside of the floors 24 and 24A, and the fire resistance is excellent, and the floors 24 and 24A are made of joists. Bottom of
Is a free end, and the ceiling material 26 is provided at a distance from the lower end of the joist 23 which is the free end, so that vibrations of the upper floor are less likely to be transmitted to the lower floor, and sound insulation. It will be excellent in property. Furthermore, when fixing fittings 4 and 4A are fixed to pillar 3,
In both cases, the penetration groove 15 into which the joint fittings 4 and 4A are fitted is used as a base.
Since it is formed at both ends of the member 2 and the cross beam member 5, it penetrates
The joining work is easy by fitting the groove 15 and fitting it.
Since the frame structure G mainly gives strength against vertical loads and the load-bearing wall K gives horizontal force, the structural strength of the building can be effectively obtained. Since the braces and studs in the braided structure are not required, the construction is easy, and since the load-bearing walls inside the building can be eliminated or reduced compared to the framed wall structure, the interior can be freely laid out. Can be. Furthermore, the values of strength and required stress required for structural calculation, such as the glued laminated wood as the frame material, the joint fittings 4 and 4A for joining the glued laminated wood, and the load-bearing wall K used for the two-by-four are clear, and the performance is constant. By using the members, the structural calculation can be performed in the same manner as in the case of the reinforced concrete structure or the steel frame structure, and the structural calculation becomes easy, and the construction of a wooden building with high structural strength and reliability can be performed. In addition, the framing material, the load-bearing wall K and the joint fittings 4, 4
Since all A are manufactured in a factory, the quality is constant, and the framing material is joined with the joining fittings 4 and 4A, so that the skill of the conventional skill is unnecessary and the construction period can be shortened.
Furthermore, the amount of offcuts is reduced as compared with the conventional case where joining is performed on site. In addition, since the floor structure 61 is manufactured at the factory, the floor structure 61 may be installed and fixed in the construction of the floor portions 24 and 24A, and the workability at the site can be improved. .

Further, as described above, in this embodiment, claim 2
In response to, the base member 2, the cross beam member 5 and the pillar 3, formed by industrialized wood structural member, such as Pararamu PSL, this industrialization Timber material, molding the veneer from a log, dry the veneer And remove the defect and remove this defect.
Since the single veneer was cut to form a piece of wood, the piece of wood was laminated approximately parallel to the fiber direction, an adhesive was applied, and the product was hot-pressed using a microwave curing device . By using an industrialized wooden structural material such as Paralam PSL, a highly reliable framed structure G excellent in strength can be formed.

Further, as an effect in the embodiment, basic structures 51, 52, 53, 54, 55, 56, 57, 58, 59, 60 of various sizes are provided.
And the basic structures 51, 52, 53, 54,
55, 56, 57, 58, 59, 60, the dimensions of the framing material are standardized, and each basic structure 51, 52, 53, 54, 55, 56, 57,
By performing the strength calculation in advance for each of 58, 59 and 60,
These basic structures 51, 52, 53, 54, 55, 56, 57, 58, 5
Buildings that meet the conditions can be freely designed by combining 9, 60, and thereby, the structural strength can be calculated relatively easily based on the known structural strength. Furthermore, various basic structures 51, 52, 53, 54, 55, 56,
By standardizing the dimensions and the like of the base member 2 and the cross beam member 5 corresponding to 57, 58, 59, and 60, the base member 2
The building can be easily constructed by combining standard products such as the cross beam member 5 and the like.

The present invention is not limited to the above embodiment, and various modifications can be made within the scope of the present invention. For example, bolts and nuts may be used instead of the pin 20A shown in the embodiment. In addition, mounting bracket 21,
21A may be attached to the cross beam member on site.
As the industrialized wood structural material, various materials can be used as long as they correspond to claim 2. Further, in the embodiment, a three-story building has been described as a preferred example, but a two-story building may be used, and the floor plan of each floor can be appropriately selected.

[0022]

According to the first aspect of the present invention, the joining bracket is fixed to the pillar.
And a penetration groove into which this fitting is fitted
And formed at both ends of the cross beam member, a horizontal direction of the base member, the cross beam member and a vertical direction of the pillar, and framing structure joined by the connecting bracket, the bearing wall to be incorporated into the framing structure, A floor structure incorporated in the opening between the cross beam members to partition upper and lower floors, wherein the base member, the cross beam member, and the column are formed of laminated wood, and the floor structure corresponds to the opening between the cross beam members. A factory product comprising a frame provided in the opening provided therein, a plurality of joists laterally provided in the frame, and a flooring made of a structural plywood attached to the upper surface of the frame and the joists. The lower end of the joist of the floor structure incorporated in the opening is a free end, and the free end is
A ceiling material is provided at a distance from the lower end of the joist , and a side opening between the floor material and the ceiling material is closed by the cross beam member, so that structural calculation is easy and effective structural strength is obtained. In addition, it is possible to provide a wooden building which is excellent in fire resistance and sound insulation, and which is easy to construct a floor section for separating upper and lower floors.

According to a second aspect of the present invention, the base member, the cross beam member, and the pillar are formed of an industrialized wooden structural material, and the industrialized wooden structural material is formed by molding a veneer from a log, drying the veneer, and removing defects. Removed part, removed this defect
A veneer is cut to form a piece of wood, and the pieces of wood are laminated approximately parallel to the fiber direction, and an adhesive is applied .
It is formed by hot-pressing using an microwave hardening device, which makes it easy to calculate the structure and effectively obtains structural strength, and has excellent fire resistance and sound insulation. It is possible to provide a wooden building that can be easily constructed.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a sectional view of a first floor and a second floor of a building showing an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of the second and third floors of a building showing an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of a main part of a frame structure showing one embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 4 is a perspective view of a joint fitting showing one embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view of the joining fitting in an operating state according to the embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 6 is a perspective view of a building showing one embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view of a laminated wood showing one embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 8 is an explanatory plan view of a floor plan of a building showing one embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 9 is an explanatory plan view of a floor plan of a building showing one embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 10 is a cross-sectional view of the first and second floors of a building using a floor structure according to an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 11 is a cross-sectional view of the second and third floors of a building using a floor structure according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[Explanation of symbols]

2 Base member 3 Column 4, 4A Joint fitting 5 Cross beam member 15 Penetration groove 23 Joist 24, 24A Floor 25 Floor material 26 Ceiling material 61 Floor structure 62 Frame G Framed structure K Bearing wall S Side opening

Claims (2)

(57) [Claims] (1) A joining bracket is fixed to a pillar, and
Insert the penetration groove into which the alloy tool is to be fitted, at both ends of the base member and the cross beam member.
Formed in the horizontal direction of the base member, the cross beam member and a vertical direction of the pillar, and framing structure joined by the connecting bracket, the bearing wall to be incorporated into the framing structure, between said cross beam member A floor structure that is incorporated into the opening to partition upper and lower floors, wherein the base member, the cross beam member, and the column are formed of glulam, and the floor structure is provided corresponding to the opening between the cross beam members. A factory product including a frame to be incorporated in the opening, a plurality of joists laterally provided in the frame, and a flooring made of a structural plywood attached to the upper surface of the frame and the joist. Lower the lower end of the joist of the floor structure
A wooden building, characterized in that a ceiling material is provided at an interval from the lower end of the joist that has been made free , and a side opening between the floor material and the ceiling material is closed by the cross beam member. Stuff. 2. A formed by the base member, industrialized wood structural member of the cross beam member and the pillar, the industrialization Timber material, molding the veneer from a log, removing the defective portion with drying the veneers, the Cut the veneer from which the defect was removed
Forming a piece, the wood adhesive was applied while laminating and generally parallel to the fiber direction and a microwave curing treatment
The wooden building according to claim 1, wherein the wooden building is formed by hot pressing using an apparatus .