CA1069272A - Wood and metal building component adapted for prefabricated manufacture - Google Patents
Wood and metal building component adapted for prefabricated manufactureInfo
- Publication number
- CA1069272A CA1069272A CA291,000A CA291000A CA1069272A CA 1069272 A CA1069272 A CA 1069272A CA 291000 A CA291000 A CA 291000A CA 1069272 A CA1069272 A CA 1069272A
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- chord
- side faces
- wooden
- chords
- web
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
- E04C3/00—Structural elongated elements designed for load-supporting
- E04C3/02—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces
- E04C3/29—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces built-up from parts of different material, i.e. composite structures
- E04C3/292—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces built-up from parts of different material, i.e. composite structures the materials being wood and metal
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Architecture (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Composite Materials (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Joining Of Building Structures In Genera (AREA)
Abstract
WOOD AND METAL BUILDING COMPONENT
ADAPTED FOR PREFABRICATED MANUFACTURE
ABSTRACT
The following specification discloses a prefabricated building component for use as a rafter, stud or joist and comprises the following elements;
a first wooden member of rectangular cross section has a pair of planar side faces aligned in planar relationship with a pair of planar side faces of a second wooden chord member of rectangular cross section. A first sheet steel web plate is spaced between said chord members and partially overlies one of the side faces of the first wooden member and partially overlies the adjacent side face of the second wooden member. A second sheet steel web plate partially overlies the adjacent side faces of the other side of the aligned chord members. Gang nail means are struck out perpedicularly from one side of each of the web plates to face the portions of the chords overlain by the web plates and are driven into the wooden chords simul-taneously while the webs and chords are held in a jig thereby connecting the elements together to form the novel product herein.
ADAPTED FOR PREFABRICATED MANUFACTURE
ABSTRACT
The following specification discloses a prefabricated building component for use as a rafter, stud or joist and comprises the following elements;
a first wooden member of rectangular cross section has a pair of planar side faces aligned in planar relationship with a pair of planar side faces of a second wooden chord member of rectangular cross section. A first sheet steel web plate is spaced between said chord members and partially overlies one of the side faces of the first wooden member and partially overlies the adjacent side face of the second wooden member. A second sheet steel web plate partially overlies the adjacent side faces of the other side of the aligned chord members. Gang nail means are struck out perpedicularly from one side of each of the web plates to face the portions of the chords overlain by the web plates and are driven into the wooden chords simul-taneously while the webs and chords are held in a jig thereby connecting the elements together to form the novel product herein.
Description
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WOOD AND METAL sUILDING COMPONENT ADAPTED FOR PREFABRICTED MANUFACTURE
FIELD OF INVENTION:
The present invention relates to house building components and their method of manufacture. In particular the invention relates to improved rafters, studs, joists and the like and are made from a combination of wooden and metal elements.
PRIOR ART: :
.
The common method of manufacturing wall studs, rafters and floor joists is to use sawn lumber of standard rectangular 4"x2", or 2"x6", or 2"x 10" etc. -dimension available from all lumber dealers and miIls, spaced apart according to recognized building code specifications to give the acceptable load bearing capacity. The usual wall members are 2" x 4" struts of wood buil~ in parallel between top and bottom plates of wood to form a frame.
Rafters and joists are similarly spaced apart in parallel with sheeting of wood above to provide the load bearing capability required. For wide spans on cathedral type ceilings large beams are used both for strength and appear-ance. The space between the studs, ~oists or rafters is used to hold insul-ation.
With recent demand for improved insulation characteristics in walls and ceil-ings home builders have found it necessary to inrease the depth of the wall or ceiling to provide adequate space for the insulation and for the necessary dead air space. To have a 6 inch wall batt of insulation fitted between the studs of a wall would require at least a frame made of 2x6 lumber. For adequate insulation between the ceiling and roof of a cathedral type ceiling would require the use of 2"xlO" or 2"x12" rafters -Unfortunately for the building industry the supply of large size lumber has ~ -been diminishing rapidly in recent years. There is a decrease in the supply of large lumber trees so that the supply of large dimensioned and high quality building components will become too great for their indiscriminate use in home building. Clearly a need is now apparent for a replacement unit for deep rafters and beams.
The above discussed need and demand for alternative methods of building walls and rafters has been partly met by splicing and by the use of plywood type combinations o wood. The use of the truss o 2x4 elements joined by gang plates of nail members has `been accepted for joists and in roof construction.
WOOD AND METAL sUILDING COMPONENT ADAPTED FOR PREFABRICTED MANUFACTURE
FIELD OF INVENTION:
The present invention relates to house building components and their method of manufacture. In particular the invention relates to improved rafters, studs, joists and the like and are made from a combination of wooden and metal elements.
PRIOR ART: :
.
The common method of manufacturing wall studs, rafters and floor joists is to use sawn lumber of standard rectangular 4"x2", or 2"x6", or 2"x 10" etc. -dimension available from all lumber dealers and miIls, spaced apart according to recognized building code specifications to give the acceptable load bearing capacity. The usual wall members are 2" x 4" struts of wood buil~ in parallel between top and bottom plates of wood to form a frame.
Rafters and joists are similarly spaced apart in parallel with sheeting of wood above to provide the load bearing capability required. For wide spans on cathedral type ceilings large beams are used both for strength and appear-ance. The space between the studs, ~oists or rafters is used to hold insul-ation.
With recent demand for improved insulation characteristics in walls and ceil-ings home builders have found it necessary to inrease the depth of the wall or ceiling to provide adequate space for the insulation and for the necessary dead air space. To have a 6 inch wall batt of insulation fitted between the studs of a wall would require at least a frame made of 2x6 lumber. For adequate insulation between the ceiling and roof of a cathedral type ceiling would require the use of 2"xlO" or 2"x12" rafters -Unfortunately for the building industry the supply of large size lumber has ~ -been diminishing rapidly in recent years. There is a decrease in the supply of large lumber trees so that the supply of large dimensioned and high quality building components will become too great for their indiscriminate use in home building. Clearly a need is now apparent for a replacement unit for deep rafters and beams.
The above discussed need and demand for alternative methods of building walls and rafters has been partly met by splicing and by the use of plywood type combinations o wood. The use of the truss o 2x4 elements joined by gang plates of nail members has `been accepted for joists and in roof construction.
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The use of spaced apart wood members braced by metal struts is also known as an alternative to employing deep timbers for joists and the like. The disadvantage of fastening two chords of wood by a series of bolted on struts and braces is that much skilled and careful labour is required to create a square acceptable, joist or rafter. Carpenters are not usually skilled in the erection of wood and metal trusses and joists and therefore much labour is lost on a job site when the new methods are attempted.
There is a great need for mill or factory built studs, joists, and rafters made from spaced apart small dimension lumber secured together by metal braces which require only that the carpenters install them with nails to the other wood frame parts of the house in the usual manner.
The components contemplated to be used herein must allow the carpenter or even semi-skilled labour to set up the stud or rafter without requireing him to assemble any portion of the metal to wood assembly.
The metal connectors or spacers and the wooden chords must also be of simple configuration which will allow the mill to set up a work table or jig to manufacture perfectly dimensioned products with the minimum of work operations and using the commonly made and available lumber, to be thereby competitive -~
with the presently used material and carpenter labour.
OBJECTS OF THE INVE~TIO~:
.i It is the ob~ect of the present invention to provide building components such as rafters and studs having a dimension~ depth of 6 inches or more, by spacing apart pairs of lengths of small depth wooden members with a continuous one piece metal connector web.
It is a further ob~ect of the invention to provide a greater depth to the wall and ceiling space in buildings to thereby allow more space for the introduction of insulation into the space.
A further ob;ect of the invention is to eliminate any requirement for workmen to fasten metal bolts or nail members to the metal connector web on the job site.
The principal objective;i~--e~-component elements in a novel stud and ra~ter system that can be easily made in a factory or mill and delivered and erected ~-on a job site by unslcilled labour.
'' '.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION:
A prefabricated building component for use as a wall stud, roof rafter or floor ~oist comprising: a first wooden chord member of rectangular cross -section and having a pair of planar side faces alinged in planar relationship with a pair of planar side faces of a second wooden chord member of rectangular cross section. A first sheet steel web plate is spaced between said chord - ;
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members and partially overlies one of the side faces of the first wooden member and partially overlies the side face of the second chord member.
A second sheet steel web connector partially overlies the other of the pair of planar side faces of the first and second wooden chord members. Gang nail fastening means are struck out of the portions of the web connector that overlies the wooden chord members. The gang nail fastening means are driven simultaneously into the chord side faces while being held square in a jig.
IN THE DRAWINGS:
The preferred embodiment of the invention and its improved characteristics in the art will be understood from a consideration of the attached drawings in which: ~
Figure 1 is a perspective view of the invention showing one end -partially cut away to indicate the fastening means that have been struck from the web plate connectors.
~ .
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE EMBODIMENT SHOWN IN THE DRAWINGS:
With reference to the drawing the novel building component described herewith is designated numeral 10 , and is a rafter stud or joist. The rafter, stud, or joist 10 is composed of two wooden chord members 12 and 13 each of standard dimension (say 2x4 inches) and of the usual rectangular cross section. The wooden chords 12,13 are held together and spaced apart by sheet metal web plates 14, 15.
The chords 12,13 have outwardly facing planar faces to which the webs 14,15 overlie and fit against in planar contact. The portions 18 of the webs that overlie the planar sides of the chords have sharply pointed nail-like members 22,26 struck from the body of the web in the pattern shown by the openings 20.
The nail-like members are struck from the webs in one direction perpendicular to the plane of the web to become in total a 'gang-nail' plate which lends itself to simultaneous fastening by hydraulic press means to the length of the chord, in a prefabrication mill.
Chord 12 has been partially cut away at one end 25 to show the shape and configuration of the nail-like fasteners.
A flange 24 has been provided along the bottom of the overlying portion 18 to assist in the placement of the chords to the webs prior to the gang nailing -operation to fasten the parts together and to accelerate the prefabrication in the mill. The f:Lange 24 also provides a measure of strength to the novel -component when fin-Lshed and in load bearing position.
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The edges 16 of the strut-like portion 32 of the web plates are similarly flanged to provide strength to the mid-part of the component where the bending moment will occur when in use as a joist or rafter.However, the webs are not unduly shaped or worked to avoid costs to keep the web as plate-like as possible and thereby facilitate fabrication in a mill and to keep the product competitive with all-wood beams ancl trusses.
The cross section 28 of lower chord 13 is shown finished squared to illustrate that the the ends of the components are pre-finished at the mill with the webs and chords fastened together ready for ~nstallation in a predtermined span or height. Where the component is to be used in a building being bui~lt to only relatively exact specifications as in much home building, a small amount of wood chord can be left extending from the component to allow the on-site carpenter to cut and fit it in place.
The preferred embodiment of the invention is for an entirely finished product that is entirely made in mill site and delivered to a construction job where all components are exactly specified thereby eliminating much labour.
The shapes of the chords and webs are simple ones that adapt themselves most easily to fabrication in a mill. The planar sides and faces of the chords are known in common finished lumber. The use of flat web plates with the squared wooden chords facilitate the set up of a work table or jig in a mill allowing a one step connection operation after the four work pieces are set in place on the jig. The gang nailing of the two webs to the two chords can be done hydraulically in one operation.
The novel product herein is therefore not only especially adapted to use in buildings where deep space is required to receive insulation but is also adapted to studs, walls ceilings and floors that are to be exactly dimensioned and made in a plant prior to delivery to a building site. The total weight of a wall using the invention herein for studs for example would be less than one made from whole wide timber studs.
Other advantages and uses of the invention will be obvious to one skilled in the art.
The top chord will be load bearing when the component is used as a rafter and the bottom chord will be load bearing when the component is used as a joist. ;~
When the component 10 is made to exactly fit in an exactly prefabricated building the webs can be attached to the ends of the chords as in the figure 1 depicted.
' '' ' -' ~' :'.,' ,, :' -` -5- ~ ;
. .
', , :. '.. ,.. , . ' ' . - .. :,,.. , -,: : : . ,. .:
- - , .... .; -. : . : .. .... : .- . . - ,,, : .
~06927Z
Where a carpenter may find it necessary to cut ~he ends of the novel building component described in the present invention, in order to fit a span not exactly to the dimension of the prefabricated unit herein the web plates may be set back from the ends of the chords to allow the carpenter to trim the choxds to fit without the necessity of his disturbing the connection of the web to the chords.
The webs shown in the drawing are "W" shaped but it will be understood that the webs can be varied from a complete set of flat plates to the ~
continuous "W" form shown. The legs of the "W" can be spaced closely or ' far apart according to the strength required of the resulting ~oist or rafter.
When the webs are attached to wooden chords that will become the rafters for a roof which is intended to contain insulation it is prefferred that the webs be of the open type shown to reduce heat loss through the webs and to allow the circulation of air in the space opened by the web between rafters. The strength of the web can be increased by flanging or necking as shown, rather than by increasing the width of the plate where freedom for air flow and circulation is important.
.. . .
. :::
.:
~, ', ". .
" ', ~: ' ' :. . ' ' . .. - . - . . -: . .. . .. ' , ~ , :
i927Z
The use of spaced apart wood members braced by metal struts is also known as an alternative to employing deep timbers for joists and the like. The disadvantage of fastening two chords of wood by a series of bolted on struts and braces is that much skilled and careful labour is required to create a square acceptable, joist or rafter. Carpenters are not usually skilled in the erection of wood and metal trusses and joists and therefore much labour is lost on a job site when the new methods are attempted.
There is a great need for mill or factory built studs, joists, and rafters made from spaced apart small dimension lumber secured together by metal braces which require only that the carpenters install them with nails to the other wood frame parts of the house in the usual manner.
The components contemplated to be used herein must allow the carpenter or even semi-skilled labour to set up the stud or rafter without requireing him to assemble any portion of the metal to wood assembly.
The metal connectors or spacers and the wooden chords must also be of simple configuration which will allow the mill to set up a work table or jig to manufacture perfectly dimensioned products with the minimum of work operations and using the commonly made and available lumber, to be thereby competitive -~
with the presently used material and carpenter labour.
OBJECTS OF THE INVE~TIO~:
.i It is the ob~ect of the present invention to provide building components such as rafters and studs having a dimension~ depth of 6 inches or more, by spacing apart pairs of lengths of small depth wooden members with a continuous one piece metal connector web.
It is a further ob~ect of the invention to provide a greater depth to the wall and ceiling space in buildings to thereby allow more space for the introduction of insulation into the space.
A further ob;ect of the invention is to eliminate any requirement for workmen to fasten metal bolts or nail members to the metal connector web on the job site.
The principal objective;i~--e~-component elements in a novel stud and ra~ter system that can be easily made in a factory or mill and delivered and erected ~-on a job site by unslcilled labour.
'' '.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION:
A prefabricated building component for use as a wall stud, roof rafter or floor ~oist comprising: a first wooden chord member of rectangular cross -section and having a pair of planar side faces alinged in planar relationship with a pair of planar side faces of a second wooden chord member of rectangular cross section. A first sheet steel web plate is spaced between said chord - ;
_3~
~L~6~Z7~
members and partially overlies one of the side faces of the first wooden member and partially overlies the side face of the second chord member.
A second sheet steel web connector partially overlies the other of the pair of planar side faces of the first and second wooden chord members. Gang nail fastening means are struck out of the portions of the web connector that overlies the wooden chord members. The gang nail fastening means are driven simultaneously into the chord side faces while being held square in a jig.
IN THE DRAWINGS:
The preferred embodiment of the invention and its improved characteristics in the art will be understood from a consideration of the attached drawings in which: ~
Figure 1 is a perspective view of the invention showing one end -partially cut away to indicate the fastening means that have been struck from the web plate connectors.
~ .
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE EMBODIMENT SHOWN IN THE DRAWINGS:
With reference to the drawing the novel building component described herewith is designated numeral 10 , and is a rafter stud or joist. The rafter, stud, or joist 10 is composed of two wooden chord members 12 and 13 each of standard dimension (say 2x4 inches) and of the usual rectangular cross section. The wooden chords 12,13 are held together and spaced apart by sheet metal web plates 14, 15.
The chords 12,13 have outwardly facing planar faces to which the webs 14,15 overlie and fit against in planar contact. The portions 18 of the webs that overlie the planar sides of the chords have sharply pointed nail-like members 22,26 struck from the body of the web in the pattern shown by the openings 20.
The nail-like members are struck from the webs in one direction perpendicular to the plane of the web to become in total a 'gang-nail' plate which lends itself to simultaneous fastening by hydraulic press means to the length of the chord, in a prefabrication mill.
Chord 12 has been partially cut away at one end 25 to show the shape and configuration of the nail-like fasteners.
A flange 24 has been provided along the bottom of the overlying portion 18 to assist in the placement of the chords to the webs prior to the gang nailing -operation to fasten the parts together and to accelerate the prefabrication in the mill. The f:Lange 24 also provides a measure of strength to the novel -component when fin-Lshed and in load bearing position.
- ,: , '' .: ~
, , ::
:: , . . . ' .: . ` .
1~692~
The edges 16 of the strut-like portion 32 of the web plates are similarly flanged to provide strength to the mid-part of the component where the bending moment will occur when in use as a joist or rafter.However, the webs are not unduly shaped or worked to avoid costs to keep the web as plate-like as possible and thereby facilitate fabrication in a mill and to keep the product competitive with all-wood beams ancl trusses.
The cross section 28 of lower chord 13 is shown finished squared to illustrate that the the ends of the components are pre-finished at the mill with the webs and chords fastened together ready for ~nstallation in a predtermined span or height. Where the component is to be used in a building being bui~lt to only relatively exact specifications as in much home building, a small amount of wood chord can be left extending from the component to allow the on-site carpenter to cut and fit it in place.
The preferred embodiment of the invention is for an entirely finished product that is entirely made in mill site and delivered to a construction job where all components are exactly specified thereby eliminating much labour.
The shapes of the chords and webs are simple ones that adapt themselves most easily to fabrication in a mill. The planar sides and faces of the chords are known in common finished lumber. The use of flat web plates with the squared wooden chords facilitate the set up of a work table or jig in a mill allowing a one step connection operation after the four work pieces are set in place on the jig. The gang nailing of the two webs to the two chords can be done hydraulically in one operation.
The novel product herein is therefore not only especially adapted to use in buildings where deep space is required to receive insulation but is also adapted to studs, walls ceilings and floors that are to be exactly dimensioned and made in a plant prior to delivery to a building site. The total weight of a wall using the invention herein for studs for example would be less than one made from whole wide timber studs.
Other advantages and uses of the invention will be obvious to one skilled in the art.
The top chord will be load bearing when the component is used as a rafter and the bottom chord will be load bearing when the component is used as a joist. ;~
When the component 10 is made to exactly fit in an exactly prefabricated building the webs can be attached to the ends of the chords as in the figure 1 depicted.
' '' ' -' ~' :'.,' ,, :' -` -5- ~ ;
. .
', , :. '.. ,.. , . ' ' . - .. :,,.. , -,: : : . ,. .:
- - , .... .; -. : . : .. .... : .- . . - ,,, : .
~06927Z
Where a carpenter may find it necessary to cut ~he ends of the novel building component described in the present invention, in order to fit a span not exactly to the dimension of the prefabricated unit herein the web plates may be set back from the ends of the chords to allow the carpenter to trim the choxds to fit without the necessity of his disturbing the connection of the web to the chords.
The webs shown in the drawing are "W" shaped but it will be understood that the webs can be varied from a complete set of flat plates to the ~
continuous "W" form shown. The legs of the "W" can be spaced closely or ' far apart according to the strength required of the resulting ~oist or rafter.
When the webs are attached to wooden chords that will become the rafters for a roof which is intended to contain insulation it is prefferred that the webs be of the open type shown to reduce heat loss through the webs and to allow the circulation of air in the space opened by the web between rafters. The strength of the web can be increased by flanging or necking as shown, rather than by increasing the width of the plate where freedom for air flow and circulation is important.
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Claims (2)
1. A prefabricated roof rafter having adequate depth thereto for receiving insulation batts therein and having interior opening for circulation of ventilation air above said insulation batts comprising in combination;
a first wooden chord member of rectangular cross-section with narrow top and bottom dimensions, and having a pair of planar side faces of wide dimensions, aligned in planar relation with a pair of planar side faces of a second wooden chord member of similar rectangular cross-section;
a first metal rigid 'W' shaped zig-zag metal web spaced between said first and second chord members and having gang nail fastening means struck out from the upper and lower portions thereof, said fastening means having been simultaneously hammered into the pair of aligned side faces of the chord members to connect said chords together;
and a second rigid 'W' shaped zig-zag metal web spaced between said first and second chord members and having gang nail fastening means struck out from the upper and lower portions thereof, said second web having been attached to the other of said planar side faces of the chord members by simultaneously hammering the fastening means into the chord members overlain by the second web member.
a first wooden chord member of rectangular cross-section with narrow top and bottom dimensions, and having a pair of planar side faces of wide dimensions, aligned in planar relation with a pair of planar side faces of a second wooden chord member of similar rectangular cross-section;
a first metal rigid 'W' shaped zig-zag metal web spaced between said first and second chord members and having gang nail fastening means struck out from the upper and lower portions thereof, said fastening means having been simultaneously hammered into the pair of aligned side faces of the chord members to connect said chords together;
and a second rigid 'W' shaped zig-zag metal web spaced between said first and second chord members and having gang nail fastening means struck out from the upper and lower portions thereof, said second web having been attached to the other of said planar side faces of the chord members by simultaneously hammering the fastening means into the chord members overlain by the second web member.
2. A roof rafter as claimed in claim 1 wherein the top dimension of said chord is less than 2 inches and the depth of each chord is less than 4 inches but the web is greater than six inches in spacial depth between the chords.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA291,000A CA1069272A (en) | 1977-11-16 | 1977-11-16 | Wood and metal building component adapted for prefabricated manufacture |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA291,000A CA1069272A (en) | 1977-11-16 | 1977-11-16 | Wood and metal building component adapted for prefabricated manufacture |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA1069272A true CA1069272A (en) | 1980-01-08 |
Family
ID=4110042
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA291,000A Expired CA1069272A (en) | 1977-11-16 | 1977-11-16 | Wood and metal building component adapted for prefabricated manufacture |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CA (1) | CA1069272A (en) |
Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP0032951A1 (en) * | 1979-08-06 | 1981-08-05 | Moehlenpah Ind Inc | Web member. |
| US4308703A (en) * | 1980-01-18 | 1982-01-05 | James Knowles | Metal connector struts for truss-type beams |
| WO1995001486A1 (en) * | 1993-06-30 | 1995-01-12 | Multinail Australia Pty. Ltd. | Wall stud and frame system |
| GB2470721A (en) * | 2009-06-01 | 2010-12-08 | Mitek Holdings Inc | A stud for use in timber frame walls |
| US8276328B2 (en) | 2009-05-14 | 2012-10-02 | Technostructur Inc. | Wall module, housing module and building made of such wall module |
-
1977
- 1977-11-16 CA CA291,000A patent/CA1069272A/en not_active Expired
Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP0032951A1 (en) * | 1979-08-06 | 1981-08-05 | Moehlenpah Ind Inc | Web member. |
| EP0032951A4 (en) * | 1979-08-06 | 1981-12-10 | Moehlenpah Ind Inc | Web member. |
| US4308703A (en) * | 1980-01-18 | 1982-01-05 | James Knowles | Metal connector struts for truss-type beams |
| WO1995001486A1 (en) * | 1993-06-30 | 1995-01-12 | Multinail Australia Pty. Ltd. | Wall stud and frame system |
| US8276328B2 (en) | 2009-05-14 | 2012-10-02 | Technostructur Inc. | Wall module, housing module and building made of such wall module |
| GB2470721A (en) * | 2009-06-01 | 2010-12-08 | Mitek Holdings Inc | A stud for use in timber frame walls |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| MKEX | Expiry |