JPH08511997A - キャスタブル組成物用の補強要素 - Google Patents
キャスタブル組成物用の補強要素Info
- Publication number
- JPH08511997A JPH08511997A JP6524629A JP52462994A JPH08511997A JP H08511997 A JPH08511997 A JP H08511997A JP 6524629 A JP6524629 A JP 6524629A JP 52462994 A JP52462994 A JP 52462994A JP H08511997 A JPH08511997 A JP H08511997A
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- castable
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- castable composition
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Classifications
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
- E04C5/00—Reinforcing elements, e.g. for concrete; Auxiliary elements therefor
- E04C5/07—Reinforcing elements of material other than metal, e.g. of glass, of plastics, or not exclusively made of metal
- E04C5/073—Discrete reinforcing elements, e.g. fibres
- E04C5/076—Specially adapted packagings therefor, e.g. for dosing
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
- B28B—SHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
- B28B1/00—Producing shaped prefabricated articles from the material
- B28B1/52—Producing shaped prefabricated articles from the material specially adapted for producing articles from mixtures containing fibres, e.g. asbestos cement
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
- B28B—SHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
- B28B17/00—Details of, or accessories for, apparatus for shaping the material; Auxiliary measures taken in connection with such shaping
- B28B17/02—Conditioning the material prior to shaping
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B16/00—Use of organic materials as fillers, e.g. pigments, for mortars, concrete or artificial stone; Treatment of organic materials specially adapted to enhance their filling properties in mortars, concrete or artificial stone
- C04B16/04—Macromolecular compounds
- C04B16/06—Macromolecular compounds fibrous
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B20/00—Use of materials as fillers for mortars, concrete or artificial stone according to more than one of groups C04B14/00 - C04B18/00 and characterised by shape or grain distribution; Treatment of materials according to more than one of the groups C04B14/00 - C04B18/00 specially adapted to enhance their filling properties in mortars, concrete or artificial stone; Expanding or defibrillating materials
- C04B20/0048—Fibrous materials
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B26/00—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing only organic binders, e.g. polymer or resin concrete
- C04B26/02—Macromolecular compounds
- C04B26/26—Bituminous materials, e.g. tar, pitch
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B28/00—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements
- C04B28/02—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements containing hydraulic cements other than calcium sulfates
- C04B28/04—Portland cements
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
- E04C5/00—Reinforcing elements, e.g. for concrete; Auxiliary elements therefor
- E04C5/01—Reinforcing elements of metal, e.g. with non-structural coatings
- E04C5/012—Discrete reinforcing elements, e.g. fibres
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2103/00—Function or property of ingredients for mortars, concrete or artificial stone
- C04B2103/0068—Ingredients with a function or property not provided for elsewhere in C04B2103/00
- C04B2103/0077—Packaging material remaining in the mixture after the mixing step, e.g. soluble bags containing active ingredients
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/13—Hollow or container type article [e.g., tube, vase, etc.]
- Y10T428/1352—Polymer or resin containing [i.e., natural or synthetic]
- Y10T428/1397—Single layer [continuous layer]
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/29—Coated or structually defined flake, particle, cell, strand, strand portion, rod, filament, macroscopic fiber or mass thereof
- Y10T428/2913—Rod, strand, filament or fiber
- Y10T428/2929—Bicomponent, conjugate, composite or collateral fibers or filaments [i.e., coextruded sheath-core or side-by-side type]
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/29—Coated or structually defined flake, particle, cell, strand, strand portion, rod, filament, macroscopic fiber or mass thereof
- Y10T428/2913—Rod, strand, filament or fiber
- Y10T428/298—Physical dimension
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
- Architecture (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Preparation Of Clay, And Manufacture Of Mixtures Containing Clay Or Cement (AREA)
- Ceramic Products (AREA)
- Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)
- Casting Or Compression Moulding Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)
- Reinforced Plastic Materials (AREA)
- Sealing Material Composition (AREA)
- Treatments For Attaching Organic Compounds To Fibrous Goods (AREA)
- Curing Cements, Concrete, And Artificial Stone (AREA)
- Revetment (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims (1)
- 【特許請求の範囲】 1.液/固あるいは液体混合物を含むキャスタブル組成物用の補強要素の単位 パッケージであって、前記単位パッケージは、分散性のパッケージ手段を含み、 前記パッケージ手段の分散は、前記キャスタブル組成物に存在する分散剤並びに 前記キャスタブル組成物と前記単位パッケージとの混合物の実質的同時発生的な 機械的混合の総合作用によってもたらされ、前記パッケージ手段は、多数のポリ マー補強要素の第一のパッケージを密閉しあるいは一つにまとめ、前記補強要素 の第一のパッケージは、第一の分散性の封じ込め手段によって密集して、並んで 整列した状態に維持された多数の細長い補強要素を含み、前記第一の封じ込め手 段は、前記の細長い補強要素の相対的な文字通りの動きを実質的に制限するに足 る張力下で維持する外周ラップを含み、前記第一の封じ込め手段の連続性は、少 なくともその一部分の分散によってコントロールして分断することができ、前記 第一の封じ込め手段の前記分散は、前記キャスタブル組成物に存在する分散剤並 びに前記キャスタブル組成物中での前記補強要素の混合物の実質的同時発生的な 機械的混合の総合作用によってもたらされて、前記の細長い補強要素を解放して それを前記キャスタブル組成物中に実質的に均一に混入しうるようになした、前 記補強要素の単位パッケージ。 2.前記キャスタブル組成物が、モルタルまたはコンクリートのようなセメン ト質材料を含む、請求項1に記載の補強要素の単位パッケージ。 3.前記細長い補強要素が、その要素間にバインダーを有しない、請求項1に 記載の補強要素の単位パッケージ。 4.液/固あるいは液体混合物を含むキャスタブル組成物の製造 方法であって、前記混合物は、多数の細長い補強要素を含み、前記方法が: a)前記キャスタブル組成物のための成分材料の混合物を調製すること; b)前記混合物に少なくとも1個の細長い補強要素の第一のパッケージを混入 すること、こゝで、前記ポリマー補強要素の第一のパッケージは、第一の分散性 の封じ込め手段によって密集して、並んで整列した状態に維持された多数の細長 い補強要素を含み、前記第一の分散性の封じ込め手段は、前記の細長い補強要素 の相対的な文字通りの動きを実質的に制限するに足る張力下で維持された外周ラ ップを含み、前記第一の封じ込め手段の連続性は、少なくともその一部分の分散 によってコントールして分断することができ、前記第一の封じ込め手段の前記分 散は、前記キャスタブル組成物中に存在する分散剤並びに前記補強要素の第一の パッケージの混合物の実質的同時発生的な機械的混合の総合作用によってもたら される; c)前記のキャスタブル組成物と前記の少なくとも1個の補強要素の第一のパ ッケージとの前記混合物を混合して、前記の少なくとも1個の補強要素の第一の パッケージを前記のキャスタブル材料中に実質的に均一に分配し、そして前記の 第一の封じ込め手段の連続性を実質的に分断すること、かくして前記の細長い補 強要素を前記のキャスタブル組成物中に解放すること、および d)前記キャスタブル組成物と前記の細長い補強要素との前記混合物を、前記 の細長い補強要素が前記キャスタブル組成物の全体にわたって実質的に均一に分 配されるまで混合を継続すること、 の工程を含む前記の方法。 5.液/固あるいは液体混合物を含むキャスタブル組成物の混合物の製造方法 であって、前記混合物は、多数の細長い補強要素を含 み、前記方法が: a)前記キャスタブル組成物のための成分材料の混合物を調製すること; b)前記混合物に少なくとも1個の細長い補強要素の単位パッケージを混入す ること、こゝで、前記単位パッケージは、分散性のパッケージ手段を含み、前記 分散性のパッケージ手段の分散は、前記キャスタブル組成物に存在する分散剤並 びに前記キャスタブル組成物と前記単位パッケージとの混合物の実質的同時発生 的な機械的混合の総合作用によってもたらされ、前記パッケージ手段は、多数の 補強要素の第一のパッケージを一つにまとめ、前記補強要素の第一のパッケージ は、第一の封じ込め手段により密集して、並んで整列した状態に維持された多数 の細長い補強要素を含み、前記第一の封じ込め手段は、前記の細長い補強要素の 相対的な文字通りの動きを実質的に制限するに足る張力下で維持された外周ラッ プを含み、前記第一の封じ込め手段の連続性は、少なくともその一部分の分散に よってコントールして分断でき、前記第一の封じ込め手段の分散は、前記キャス タブル組成物に存在する分散剤並びに前記キャスタブル組成物中での前記補強要 素の第一のパッケージの混合物の実質的同時発生的な機械的混合の総合作用によ ってもたらされる; c)前記のキャスタブル組成物と前記の少なくとも1個の細長い補強要素の単 位パッケージとの前記混合物を混合して、前記の少なくとも1個の補強要素の単 位パッケージの連続性を分断し、前記の細長い補強材料の第一のパッケージを前 記のキャスタブル組成物中に実質的に均一に分配し、そしてその後に前記第一の 封じ込め手段の連続性を分断すること、かくして前記補強要素を前記キャスタブ ル組成物中に解放すること;そして、 d)前記補強要素が前記の混合物全体にわたって実質的に均一に 分配されるまで、前記混合物の混合を継続すること、 の工程を含む前記の方法。 6.前記の少なくとも1個の細長い補強要素の単位パッケージが、前記キャス タブル組成物中に混入され、そして前記第一の封じ込め手段の分断の前に、前記 の少なくとも1個の細長い補強要素のパッケージを前記の配合物中に実質的に均 一に分配するに十分な時間混合が継続される、請求項5に記載の方法。 7.前記分散剤が、前記の少なくとも1個の細長い補強要素の単位パッケージ の添加前に前記キャスタブル組成物中に存在し、そして、前記第一の封じ込め手 段の分断の前に、前記の少なくとも1個の細長い補強要素を前記の配合物中に実 質的に均一に分配するに十分な時間混合が継続される、請求項5に記載の方法。 8.前記分散剤が、前記の少なくとも1個の細長い補強要素の単位パッケージ の添加後に前記キャスタブル組成物中に混入され、そして前記第一の封じ込め手 段の分断の前に、前記の少なくとも1個の細長い補強要素のパッケージを前記配 合物中に実質的に均一に分配するに十分な時間混合が継続される、請求項5に記 載の方法。 9.前記の細長い補強要素が、いずれの要素間にもバインダーを有しない、請 求項5に記載の方法。 10.分散性の単位パッケージの形態で解放可能に結束された多数のファイバー 束であって、 前記束のそれぞれは、実質的にファイバー間の結合を有しないで実質的に交絡 していない配列に維持された多数の高アスペクト比の高分子ファイバーを含み、 前記束のそれぞれは、前記ファイバーが実質的に絡みあわないで前記キャスタ ブル組成物中に解放されるような分散条件下で前記ファイバーがキャスタブル組 成物中に添加されるときに、前記束から ファイバーを解放するのに適合した、 前記の単位パッケージ。 11.前記ファイバーが、ポリオレフィンファイバーを含む、請求項10に記載の 単位パッケージ。 12.前記キャスタブル組成物が、セメント質の組成物を含む、請求項10に記載 の単位パッケージ。 13.キャスタブル組成物の補強方法であって: 実質的にファイバー間の結合を有しないで実質的に交絡していない配列に維持 された多数の高アスペクト比の高分子ファイバーを含む分散性のファイバー束を 、分散条件下にキャスタブル組成物中に混入すること、 実質的に絡みあわないようにして前記キャスタブル組成物中に前記束からファ イバーを解放すること、 の工程を含む、前記の方法。 14.前記分散条件が、前記キャスタブル組成物の機械的撹拌を含む、請求項13 に記載の方法。 15.前記分散条件が、前記キャスタブル組成物に添加された1種またはそれ以 上の分散剤を含む、請求項13に記載の方法。 16.前記分散剤が、前記キャスタブル組成物に含まれる水または有機溶媒であ る、請求項15に記載の方法。 17.前記分散条件が、前記キャスタブル組成物により発生する熱を含む、請求 項13に記載の方法。 18.前記キャスタブル組成物が、ビチューメン組成物である、請求項17に記載 の方法。 19.前記キャスタブル組成物が、セメント質の組成物を含む、請求項13に記載 の方法。
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US5800693A | 1993-05-03 | 1993-05-03 | |
US08/058,006 | 1993-05-03 | ||
PCT/US1994/004856 WO1994025702A1 (en) | 1993-05-03 | 1994-05-03 | Reinforcing elements for castable compositions |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
JPH08511997A true JPH08511997A (ja) | 1996-12-17 |
JP3510258B2 JP3510258B2 (ja) | 2004-03-22 |
Family
ID=22014085
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
JP52462994A Expired - Lifetime JP3510258B2 (ja) | 1993-05-03 | 1994-05-03 | キャスタブル組成物用の補強要素 |
Country Status (10)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (2) | US5897928A (ja) |
EP (1) | EP0725872B1 (ja) |
JP (1) | JP3510258B2 (ja) |
KR (1) | KR100312333B1 (ja) |
CN (1) | CN1099945C (ja) |
AU (1) | AU685809B2 (ja) |
CA (1) | CA2160241C (ja) |
DE (1) | DE69428708T2 (ja) |
ES (1) | ES2161766T3 (ja) |
WO (1) | WO1994025702A1 (ja) |
Cited By (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP2004531410A (ja) * | 2001-05-04 | 2004-10-14 | ナムローゼ・フェンノートシャップ・ベーカート・ソシエテ・アノニム | 繊維コンクリートの製造中に補強繊維を混合サイロに添加する方法及びその装置 |
JP2005502577A (ja) * | 2001-09-10 | 2005-01-27 | スリーエム イノベイティブ プロパティズ カンパニー | 強化された繊維補強セメント複合材 |
JP2006517902A (ja) * | 2003-01-24 | 2006-08-03 | ポリマー・グループ・インコーポレーテツド | ユニット化された繊維コンクリート補強物 |
JP2006526565A (ja) * | 2003-05-30 | 2006-11-24 | ポリマー・グループ・インコーポレーテツド | 単位化された構造的強化構成物 |
Families Citing this family (50)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CH686367A5 (de) * | 1994-07-20 | 1996-03-15 | Fortatech Ag | Kunststoffasern zur Beimischung in aushaertende Massen, insbesondere Beton oder Moertel. |
BR9612646A (pt) * | 1996-06-21 | 1999-07-20 | Minnesota Mining & Mfg | Sinal retrorreflexivo substrato de suporte e sinal de tráfego |
US5985449A (en) * | 1997-10-08 | 1999-11-16 | Specialty Filaments | Crimped thermoplastic fibers for reinforcing concrete |
WO2000049211A1 (en) * | 1999-02-19 | 2000-08-24 | W.R. Grace & Co.-Conn. | Packeting fibers for castable compositions |
US7045209B1 (en) * | 2000-03-28 | 2006-05-16 | Dror Selivansky | Synthetic fibers and cementitious systems including same |
US6197423B1 (en) | 1999-10-08 | 2001-03-06 | W. R. Grace & Co.-Conn. | Micro-diastrophic synthetic polymeric fibers for reinforcing matrix materials |
US6596210B2 (en) | 1999-10-08 | 2003-07-22 | W. R. Grace & Co.-Conn. | Process of treating fibers |
US6503625B1 (en) | 1999-10-08 | 2003-01-07 | W.R. Grace & Co. - Conn. | Fibers for reinforcing matrix materials |
US6348093B1 (en) * | 2000-04-27 | 2002-02-19 | W. R. Grace & Co. - Conn | Basic-medium-soluble packaging material for use in castable cementitious composites |
US6340522B1 (en) | 2000-07-13 | 2002-01-22 | Wr Grace & Co.-Conn. | Three-dimensional twisted fibers and processes for making same |
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1994
- 1994-05-03 JP JP52462994A patent/JP3510258B2/ja not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1994-05-03 EP EP94915987A patent/EP0725872B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1994-05-03 CA CA002160241A patent/CA2160241C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1994-05-03 DE DE69428708T patent/DE69428708T2/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1994-05-03 KR KR1019950704802A patent/KR100312333B1/ko not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1994-05-03 CN CN94191965A patent/CN1099945C/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1994-05-03 WO PCT/US1994/004856 patent/WO1994025702A1/en active IP Right Grant
- 1994-05-03 AU AU67808/94A patent/AU685809B2/en not_active Expired
- 1994-05-03 ES ES94915987T patent/ES2161766T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1995
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Cited By (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP2004531410A (ja) * | 2001-05-04 | 2004-10-14 | ナムローゼ・フェンノートシャップ・ベーカート・ソシエテ・アノニム | 繊維コンクリートの製造中に補強繊維を混合サイロに添加する方法及びその装置 |
JP2005502577A (ja) * | 2001-09-10 | 2005-01-27 | スリーエム イノベイティブ プロパティズ カンパニー | 強化された繊維補強セメント複合材 |
JP2006517902A (ja) * | 2003-01-24 | 2006-08-03 | ポリマー・グループ・インコーポレーテツド | ユニット化された繊維コンクリート補強物 |
JP2006526565A (ja) * | 2003-05-30 | 2006-11-24 | ポリマー・グループ・インコーポレーテツド | 単位化された構造的強化構成物 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
AU6780894A (en) | 1994-11-21 |
JP3510258B2 (ja) | 2004-03-22 |
WO1994025702A1 (en) | 1994-11-10 |
US5807458A (en) | 1998-09-15 |
EP0725872A1 (en) | 1996-08-14 |
ES2161766T3 (es) | 2001-12-16 |
CA2160241A1 (en) | 1994-11-10 |
DE69428708T2 (de) | 2002-08-08 |
US5897928A (en) | 1999-04-27 |
CN1126503A (zh) | 1996-07-10 |
CN1099945C (zh) | 2003-01-29 |
DE69428708D1 (de) | 2001-11-22 |
AU685809B2 (en) | 1998-01-29 |
CA2160241C (en) | 2003-07-15 |
KR100312333B1 (ko) | 2001-12-28 |
EP0725872B1 (en) | 2001-10-17 |
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