WO2006039755A1 - A strengthening system - Google Patents

A strengthening system Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2006039755A1
WO2006039755A1 PCT/AU2005/001581 AU2005001581W WO2006039755A1 WO 2006039755 A1 WO2006039755 A1 WO 2006039755A1 AU 2005001581 W AU2005001581 W AU 2005001581W WO 2006039755 A1 WO2006039755 A1 WO 2006039755A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
concrete
tensioning
reinforced plastic
concrete beam
strengthening system
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/AU2005/001581
Other languages
French (fr)
Inventor
Gerardus Maria Van Erp
Timothy John Heldt
Thiru Aravinthan
Original Assignee
The University Of Southern Queensland
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from AU2004905871A external-priority patent/AU2004905871A0/en
Application filed by The University Of Southern Queensland filed Critical The University Of Southern Queensland
Priority to AU2005294056A priority Critical patent/AU2005294056A1/en
Publication of WO2006039755A1 publication Critical patent/WO2006039755A1/en

Links

Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C5/00—Reinforcing elements, e.g. for concrete; Auxiliary elements therefor
    • E04C5/07—Reinforcing elements of material other than metal, e.g. of glass, of plastics, or not exclusively made of metal
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
    • E01D—CONSTRUCTION OF BRIDGES, ELEVATED ROADWAYS OR VIADUCTS; ASSEMBLY OF BRIDGES
    • E01D22/00—Methods or apparatus for repairing or strengthening existing bridges ; Methods or apparatus for dismantling bridges
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C5/00—Reinforcing elements, e.g. for concrete; Auxiliary elements therefor
    • E04C5/08—Members specially adapted to be used in prestressed constructions
    • E04C5/085—Tensile members made of fiber reinforced plastics
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04G—SCAFFOLDING; FORMS; SHUTTERING; BUILDING IMPLEMENTS OR AIDS, OR THEIR USE; HANDLING BUILDING MATERIALS ON THE SITE; REPAIRING, BREAKING-UP OR OTHER WORK ON EXISTING BUILDINGS
    • E04G23/00—Working measures on existing buildings
    • E04G23/02—Repairing, e.g. filling cracks; Restoring; Altering; Enlarging
    • E04G23/0218—Increasing or restoring the load-bearing capacity of building construction elements
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04G—SCAFFOLDING; FORMS; SHUTTERING; BUILDING IMPLEMENTS OR AIDS, OR THEIR USE; HANDLING BUILDING MATERIALS ON THE SITE; REPAIRING, BREAKING-UP OR OTHER WORK ON EXISTING BUILDINGS
    • E04G23/00—Working measures on existing buildings
    • E04G23/02—Repairing, e.g. filling cracks; Restoring; Altering; Enlarging
    • E04G23/0218—Increasing or restoring the load-bearing capacity of building construction elements
    • E04G2023/0251—Increasing or restoring the load-bearing capacity of building construction elements by using fiber reinforced plastic elements

Definitions

  • This invention relates to a strengthening system for a concrete beam and a method of strengthening a concrete beam.
  • the invention relates to repairing concrete beams having flexural or shear cracks and therefore will be described in this context.
  • the reinforcement system may be used on concrete beams to assist in the prevention of the formation of cracks.
  • the technique may be extended to other elements other than concrete beams.
  • Concrete beams are used in many different civil engineering applications.
  • the capacity of concrete beams can be improved by post- tensioning.
  • the need for additional capacity can result from the foundations of a structure moving or movement of the structure per se such as in the case of elevated roadways. Cracking can be evident after the occurrence of earthquakes due to the substantial movement of the ground and hence the foundations of the structure.
  • One effective post-tensioning method has been to place two metal plates on opposing ends of the concrete beam. Metal rods are placed on either side of the concrete beam and interconnect the metal plates. Nuts are placed on either end of the metal rods and tightened to force the metal plates toward each other and hence, post-tensioning the concrete beam. This process has been very effective.
  • the invention resides in a strengthening system for a concrete beam comprising: a concrete beam; a composite fibre reinforced plastic member extending around the concrete beam, wherein the composite fibre reinforced plastic member has been tensioned.
  • a tensioning block is located at the end of the concrete beam within the composite fibre reinforced plastic member.
  • a tensioning block is located at each end of the concrete member.
  • the fibre that forms the composite fibre strengthened member is continuous.
  • the invention resides in a method of forming a reinforced concrete beam comprising the steps of: placing a composite fibre reinforced plastic member around the concrete beam; and tensioning the composite fibre reinforced plastic member.
  • the method may further include the steps of: locating a tensioning block adjacent to at least one end of the concrete member; and fastening the tensioning block with respect to the concrete member.
  • FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a piling cap of a bridge having shear cracks
  • FIG. 2 is a top view of a concrete beam
  • FIG. 3 is a first step in producing a strengthening system for a piling cap
  • FIG.4 is a second step in producing a strengthening system for a piling cap
  • FIG. 5 is a third step in producing a strengthening system for a piling cap
  • FIG. 6 is a fourth step in producing a strengthening system for a piling cap
  • FIG. 7 is a fifth step in producing a strengthening system for a piling cap
  • FIG. 8 is a perspective view of a strengthening system for a concrete beam according to an embodiment of the invention.
  • FIG. 1 shows a bridge 1 having four bridge pilings 2 attached to concrete member in the form of a piling cap 3.
  • the piling cap 3 has a number of cracks 4 that extend through the piling cap reducing the strength and durability of the piling cap.
  • FIG. 8 shows a completed reinforcement system 10 for the piling cap 3 shown in FIG 1.
  • the reinforcement system 10 for the piling cap 3 includes two tensioning blocks 11 and a piling wrap 12.
  • the piling wrap 12 is formed from composite fibre reinforced plastic member. Reinforcement can be formed from a range of suitable fibres including carbon and glass fibre.
  • the plastic used is an epoxy resin. However, it should be appreciated that other resins such as polyester, vinylester, polyurethane, or phenolic resin, or combination thereof may be used.
  • the fibre is normally made of a continuos length and is wrapped around the piling cap and tensioning blocks several times.
  • the tensioning blocks are made from polymer concrete as described in International Patent Application PCT/AU03/01520. However, it should be appreciate that the tensioning blocks may be made from normal concrete or other suitable materials.
  • the tensioning blocks 11 have a have a semi-circular surface 13 that contacts the piling wrap 12. Further, the tensioning blocks 11 have two planar surfaces 14 that contact the piling cap 3. The width of the two planar surfaces 14 is substantially equal to the width of the piling cap 3. A tensioning channel 15 is located between the two planar surfaces 14.
  • FIG. 2 shows a top view of the piling cap of FIG. 1 that is to be strengthened.
  • the first step to strengthen the piling cap may be to inject epoxy resin into the cracks.
  • the tensioning blocks are then placed at either end of the piling cap as shown in FIG 3.
  • a continuous length of fibre 16 is then wrapped around the piling cap 3 and the tensioning blocks 11 as shown in FIG. 4.
  • Resin is then applied to the fibre 16 by rolling resin over the fibre as shown in FIG. 5.
  • pre-impregnated composite reinforced plastic may be used instead of placing resin over the fibre. Once the resin has been applied it is allowed to cure to form the piling wrap 12.
  • a jack 18 is placed within the tensioning channel 15 between the piling cap and the tensioning block.
  • the jack 18 is then used to apply tension to the piling wrap 12 as shown in FIG. 6.
  • the width of the planar surface 14 and the semi-circular surface 13 ensures that there is minimal concentration of forces within the piling wrap 12 when tensioning occurs.
  • Tensioning of the piling wrap 12 compresses the cracks within the piling cap 3 to strengthen the piling cap 3.
  • spacers 19 are placed between the tensioning blocks 11 and the piling cap 3.
  • the jack 18 is then removed.
  • Grout 17 is then placed between the tensioning blocks 11 to hold the tensioning blocks 11 in position with respect to the piling cap 3 as shown in FIG 7. Once the grout 17 has set the reinforced piling cap 3 is completed as shown in FIG. 8.
  • the method of strengthening described above is effective and relatively simple.
  • the method is also inexpensive and can be performed with a limited amount of labour and equipment.
  • the strengthening system has no metal components, can be used in harsh environments such as near water or on locations subject to periodic inundation.
  • any concrete beam may be strengthened whether it has cracks or not.
  • the above method may be used to assist in making a concrete beam more resistant to damage by foundation movement such as that caused by earthquake.

Abstract

A strengthening system (10) for a concrete beam (3) including a composite fibre reinforced plastic member (12) extending around the concrete beam (3). The composite fibre reinforced plastic member (12) is tensioned to reduce any cracks in the concrete beam (3).

Description

TITLE
"A STRENGTHENING SYSTEM" FIELD OF THE INVENTION
This invention relates to a strengthening system for a concrete beam and a method of strengthening a concrete beam.
In particular, the invention relates to repairing concrete beams having flexural or shear cracks and therefore will be described in this context. However, it should be appreciated that the reinforcement system may be used on concrete beams to assist in the prevention of the formation of cracks. The technique may be extended to other elements other than concrete beams.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
Concrete beams are used in many different civil engineering applications. The capacity of concrete beams can be improved by post- tensioning. The need for additional capacity can result from the foundations of a structure moving or movement of the structure per se such as in the case of elevated roadways. Cracking can be evident after the occurrence of earthquakes due to the substantial movement of the ground and hence the foundations of the structure.
Cracks substantially reduce the strength and durability of the structure in which a concrete beam has been used. Therefore, it is often necessary to replace the concrete beam. This is an extremely expensive and labour intensive process. Further, in many instances, the entire concrete structure must be destroyed and rebuilt when there shear cracks are large and/or numerous.
Accordingly, strengthening systems have been developed to post-tension the concrete beam in order to negate the structural effects of shear cracking. One effective post-tensioning method has been to place two metal plates on opposing ends of the concrete beam. Metal rods are placed on either side of the concrete beam and interconnect the metal plates. Nuts are placed on either end of the metal rods and tightened to force the metal plates toward each other and hence, post-tensioning the concrete beam. This process has been very effective.
The problem with using above prior art strengthening system is that the metal plates and metal rods are heavy. Therefore, large lifting equipment such as cranes must be used in the placement of the metal plates and metal rods. Further, the metal side plates and metal rods are prone to corrosion and therefore are unsuitable in many applications such as for use near salt water and on salted roadways. Still further, the completed post- tensioned concrete beam is aesthetically unappealing.
OBJECT OF THE INVENTION It is an object of the invention to substantially overcome or alleviate one or more of the above disadvantages or to provide the consumer with a useful or commercial choice.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
In one form, although not the only or broadest form, the invention resides in a strengthening system for a concrete beam comprising: a concrete beam; a composite fibre reinforced plastic member extending around the concrete beam, wherein the composite fibre reinforced plastic member has been tensioned. Preferably, at least one tensioning block is located at the end of the concrete beam within the composite fibre reinforced plastic member.
Normally, a tensioning block is located at each end of the concrete member.
Preferably, the fibre that forms the composite fibre strengthened member is continuous.
In another form, the invention resides in a method of forming a reinforced concrete beam comprising the steps of: placing a composite fibre reinforced plastic member around the concrete beam; and tensioning the composite fibre reinforced plastic member.
The method may further include the steps of: locating a tensioning block adjacent to at least one end of the concrete member; and fastening the tensioning block with respect to the concrete member.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS An embodiment of the invention will now be described with reference to the accompanying drawings in which:
FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a piling cap of a bridge having shear cracks;
FIG. 2 is a top view of a concrete beam; FIG. 3 is a first step in producing a strengthening system for a piling cap;
FIG.4 is a second step in producing a strengthening system for a piling cap;
FIG. 5 is a third step in producing a strengthening system for a piling cap;
FIG. 6 is a fourth step in producing a strengthening system for a piling cap;
FIG. 7 is a fifth step in producing a strengthening system for a piling cap; FIG. 8 is a perspective view of a strengthening system for a concrete beam according to an embodiment of the invention.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT
FIG. 1 shows a bridge 1 having four bridge pilings 2 attached to concrete member in the form of a piling cap 3. The piling cap 3 has a number of cracks 4 that extend through the piling cap reducing the strength and durability of the piling cap.
FIG. 8 shows a completed reinforcement system 10 for the piling cap 3 shown in FIG 1. The reinforcement system 10 for the piling cap 3 includes two tensioning blocks 11 and a piling wrap 12. The piling wrap 12 is formed from composite fibre reinforced plastic member. Reinforcement can be formed from a range of suitable fibres including carbon and glass fibre. The plastic used is an epoxy resin. However, it should be appreciated that other resins such as polyester, vinylester, polyurethane, or phenolic resin, or combination thereof may be used. The fibre is normally made of a continuos length and is wrapped around the piling cap and tensioning blocks several times. The tensioning blocks are made from polymer concrete as described in International Patent Application PCT/AU03/01520. However, it should be appreciate that the tensioning blocks may be made from normal concrete or other suitable materials.
The tensioning blocks 11 have a have a semi-circular surface 13 that contacts the piling wrap 12. Further, the tensioning blocks 11 have two planar surfaces 14 that contact the piling cap 3. The width of the two planar surfaces 14 is substantially equal to the width of the piling cap 3. A tensioning channel 15 is located between the two planar surfaces 14.
FIG. 2 shows a top view of the piling cap of FIG. 1 that is to be strengthened. The first step to strengthen the piling cap may be to inject epoxy resin into the cracks. The tensioning blocks are then placed at either end of the piling cap as shown in FIG 3. A continuous length of fibre 16 is then wrapped around the piling cap 3 and the tensioning blocks 11 as shown in FIG. 4. Resin is then applied to the fibre 16 by rolling resin over the fibre as shown in FIG. 5. Normally there are at least 5 layers of overlapping fibre 16 wrapped around the pilling cap 3 and the tensioning blocks 11. It should be appreciated that pre-impregnated composite reinforced plastic may be used instead of placing resin over the fibre. Once the resin has been applied it is allowed to cure to form the piling wrap 12.
Once the piling wrap has cured, a jack 18 is placed within the tensioning channel 15 between the piling cap and the tensioning block. The jack 18 is then used to apply tension to the piling wrap 12 as shown in FIG. 6. The width of the planar surface 14 and the semi-circular surface 13 ensures that there is minimal concentration of forces within the piling wrap 12 when tensioning occurs. Tensioning of the piling wrap 12 compresses the cracks within the piling cap 3 to strengthen the piling cap 3. After the jack has been used to apply a tensioning force to the tensing blocks 11 , spacers 19 are placed between the tensioning blocks 11 and the piling cap 3. The jack 18 is then removed. Grout 17 is then placed between the tensioning blocks 11 to hold the tensioning blocks 11 in position with respect to the piling cap 3 as shown in FIG 7. Once the grout 17 has set the reinforced piling cap 3 is completed as shown in FIG. 8.
The method of strengthening described above is effective and relatively simple. The method is also inexpensive and can be performed with a limited amount of labour and equipment. Further, as the strengthening system has no metal components, can be used in harsh environments such as near water or on locations subject to periodic inundation.
It should be appreciated that any concrete beam may be strengthened whether it has cracks or not. The above method, for example, may be used to assist in making a concrete beam more resistant to damage by foundation movement such as that caused by earthquake.
It should be appreciated that various other changes and modifications may be made to the embodiment described without departing from the sprit or scope of the invention

Claims

1. A strengthening system for a concrete beam comprising: a concrete beam; a composite fibre reinforced plastic member extending around the concrete beam wherein the composite fibre reinforced plastic member has been tensioned.
2. The strengthening system of claim 1 wherein at least one tensioning block is located at the end of the concrete beam within the composite fibre reinforced plastic member.
3. The strengthening system of claim 2 wherein a tensioning block is located at each end of the concrete member.
4. The strengthening system of claim 3 wherein each tensioning block includes a semi-circular surface that contacts the composite reinforced plastic member.
5. The strengthening system of claim 3 wherein each tensioning block includes a tensioning channel.
6. The strengthening system of claim 3 wherein grout is located between the tensioning blocks and the concrete member.
7. The strengthening system of claim 1 wherein a fibre that forms the composite fibre strengthened member is continuous.
8. A method of forming a reinforced concrete beam comprising the steps of: placing a composite fibre reinforced plastic member around the concrete beam; and tensioning the composite fibre reinforced plastic member.
9. The method of claim 7 further including the steps of locating a tensioning block adjacent to at least one end of the concrete member and utilising the tensioning block to tension the composite fibre reinforced plastic member.
10. The method of claim 9 further including the steps of locating a jack between the tensioning block and the concrete block to exert pressure to tension the composite fibre reinforced plastic member.
11. The method of claim 10 further including the step of placing a spacer between the tensioning block and the concrete member.
12. The method of claim 11 further including the step of placing grout between the tensioning block and the concrete member.
PCT/AU2005/001581 2004-10-12 2005-10-12 A strengthening system WO2006039755A1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AU2005294056A AU2005294056A1 (en) 2004-10-12 2005-10-12 A strengthening system

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AU2004905871A AU2004905871A0 (en) 2004-10-12 A strengthening system
AU2004905871 2004-10-12

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2006039755A1 true WO2006039755A1 (en) 2006-04-20

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP1945878A1 (en) * 2005-11-04 2008-07-23 BBA Blackbull AS Reinforcement for concrete elements and system and method for producing reinforced concrete elements

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SU642446A1 (en) * 1977-04-11 1979-01-15 Московский Ордена Ленина И Ордена Трудового Красного Знамени Институт Инженеров Железнодорожного Транспорта Construction member
WO1994025702A1 (en) * 1993-05-03 1994-11-10 Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company Reinforcing elements for castable compositions
WO1998051885A1 (en) * 1997-05-15 1998-11-19 Nils Malmgren Ab Method for reinforcing
WO1999006651A1 (en) * 1997-07-31 1999-02-11 Sika Ag, Vormals Kaspar Winkler & Co. Flat strip lamella for reinforcing building components and method for placing a flat strip lamella on a component
JPH11182061A (en) * 1997-12-24 1999-07-06 Chishin Go Reinforcing method for concrete member by tensioning fiber material and reinforcing construction thereby
US5984044A (en) * 1998-07-31 1999-11-16 Christensen; Arthur E. Acoustical barrier wall with protective sleeves and method of assembly
DE19903681A1 (en) * 1999-01-29 2000-08-03 Sika Ag, Vormals Kaspar Winkler & Co Process for the production of angular components consisting of flat strip lamellae
US6170105B1 (en) * 1999-04-29 2001-01-09 Composite Deck Solutions, Llc Composite deck system and method of construction
US20010049919A1 (en) * 1999-06-11 2001-12-13 Fyfe Edward Robert Stay-in-place form
JP2002004591A (en) * 2000-06-15 2002-01-09 Mitsui Constr Co Ltd Reinforcing method and device for columnar concrete structural body

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WO1994025702A1 (en) * 1993-05-03 1994-11-10 Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company Reinforcing elements for castable compositions
WO1998051885A1 (en) * 1997-05-15 1998-11-19 Nils Malmgren Ab Method for reinforcing
WO1999006651A1 (en) * 1997-07-31 1999-02-11 Sika Ag, Vormals Kaspar Winkler & Co. Flat strip lamella for reinforcing building components and method for placing a flat strip lamella on a component
JPH11182061A (en) * 1997-12-24 1999-07-06 Chishin Go Reinforcing method for concrete member by tensioning fiber material and reinforcing construction thereby
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DE19903681A1 (en) * 1999-01-29 2000-08-03 Sika Ag, Vormals Kaspar Winkler & Co Process for the production of angular components consisting of flat strip lamellae
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Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP1945878A1 (en) * 2005-11-04 2008-07-23 BBA Blackbull AS Reinforcement for concrete elements and system and method for producing reinforced concrete elements
EP1945878A4 (en) * 2005-11-04 2014-09-10 Reforcetech As Reinforcement for concrete elements and system and method for producing reinforced concrete elements

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