JPH08243480A - 油、水及び土を撥く処理加工を施された支持体、並びにこの目的のためのフツ素含有組成物 - Google Patents

油、水及び土を撥く処理加工を施された支持体、並びにこの目的のためのフツ素含有組成物

Info

Publication number
JPH08243480A
JPH08243480A JP7323553A JP32355395A JPH08243480A JP H08243480 A JPH08243480 A JP H08243480A JP 7323553 A JP7323553 A JP 7323553A JP 32355395 A JP32355395 A JP 32355395A JP H08243480 A JPH08243480 A JP H08243480A
Authority
JP
Japan
Prior art keywords
formula
meth
weight
fluorine
component
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
JP7323553A
Other languages
English (en)
Japanese (ja)
Inventor
Gisbert Dr Michels
ギスベルト・ミヘルス
Hans-Albert Ehlert
ハンス−アルベルト・エーレルト
Uwe Zweering
ウベ・ツベーリング
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Bayer AG
Original Assignee
Bayer AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Bayer AG filed Critical Bayer AG
Publication of JPH08243480A publication Critical patent/JPH08243480A/ja
Pending legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
    • D06M15/00—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics, or fibrous goods made from such materials, with macromolecular compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment
    • D06M15/19—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics, or fibrous goods made from such materials, with macromolecular compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment with synthetic macromolecular compounds
    • D06M15/21—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • D06M15/327—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds of unsaturated alcohols or esters thereof
    • D06M15/333—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds of unsaturated alcohols or esters thereof of vinyl acetate; Polyvinylalcohol
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
    • C08L33/00—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and only one being terminated by only one carboxyl radical, or of salts, anhydrides, esters, amides, imides or nitriles thereof; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
    • C08L33/04—Homopolymers or copolymers of esters
    • C08L33/14—Homopolymers or copolymers of esters of esters containing halogen, nitrogen, sulfur, or oxygen atoms in addition to the carboxy oxygen
    • C08L33/16—Homopolymers or copolymers of esters containing halogen atoms
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
    • D06M15/00—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics, or fibrous goods made from such materials, with macromolecular compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment
    • D06M15/19—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics, or fibrous goods made from such materials, with macromolecular compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment with synthetic macromolecular compounds
    • D06M15/21—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • D06M15/227—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds of hydrocarbons, or reaction products thereof, e.g. afterhalogenated or sulfochlorinated
    • D06M15/233—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds of hydrocarbons, or reaction products thereof, e.g. afterhalogenated or sulfochlorinated aromatic, e.g. styrene
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
    • D06M15/00—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics, or fibrous goods made from such materials, with macromolecular compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment
    • D06M15/19—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics, or fibrous goods made from such materials, with macromolecular compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment with synthetic macromolecular compounds
    • D06M15/21—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • D06M15/263—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds of unsaturated carboxylic acids; Salts or esters thereof
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
    • D06M15/00—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics, or fibrous goods made from such materials, with macromolecular compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment
    • D06M15/19—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics, or fibrous goods made from such materials, with macromolecular compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment with synthetic macromolecular compounds
    • D06M15/21—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • D06M15/263—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds of unsaturated carboxylic acids; Salts or esters thereof
    • D06M15/267—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds of unsaturated carboxylic acids; Salts or esters thereof of unsaturated carboxylic esters having amino or quaternary ammonium groups
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
    • D06M15/00—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics, or fibrous goods made from such materials, with macromolecular compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment
    • D06M15/19—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics, or fibrous goods made from such materials, with macromolecular compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment with synthetic macromolecular compounds
    • D06M15/21—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • D06M15/263—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds of unsaturated carboxylic acids; Salts or esters thereof
    • D06M15/27—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds of unsaturated carboxylic acids; Salts or esters thereof of alkylpolyalkylene glycol esters of unsaturated carboxylic acids
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
    • D06M15/00—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics, or fibrous goods made from such materials, with macromolecular compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment
    • D06M15/19—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics, or fibrous goods made from such materials, with macromolecular compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment with synthetic macromolecular compounds
    • D06M15/21—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • D06M15/263—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds of unsaturated carboxylic acids; Salts or esters thereof
    • D06M15/277—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds of unsaturated carboxylic acids; Salts or esters thereof containing fluorine
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
    • D06M15/00—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics, or fibrous goods made from such materials, with macromolecular compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment
    • D06M15/19—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics, or fibrous goods made from such materials, with macromolecular compounds; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment with synthetic macromolecular compounds
    • D06M15/21—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • D06M15/31—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds of unsaturated nitriles
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
    • C08L33/00—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and only one being terminated by only one carboxyl radical, or of salts, anhydrides, esters, amides, imides or nitriles thereof; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
    • C08L33/04—Homopolymers or copolymers of esters
    • C08L33/06—Homopolymers or copolymers of esters of esters containing only carbon, hydrogen and oxygen, which oxygen atoms are present only as part of the carboxyl radical
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
    • D06M2200/00—Functionality of the treatment composition and/or properties imparted to the textile material
    • D06M2200/10—Repellency against liquids
    • D06M2200/11—Oleophobic properties
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
    • D06M2200/00—Functionality of the treatment composition and/or properties imparted to the textile material
    • D06M2200/10—Repellency against liquids
    • D06M2200/12—Hydrophobic properties
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T442/00—Fabric [woven, knitted, or nonwoven textile or cloth, etc.]
    • Y10T442/20—Coated or impregnated woven, knit, or nonwoven fabric which is not [a] associated with another preformed layer or fiber layer or, [b] with respect to woven and knit, characterized, respectively, by a particular or differential weave or knit, wherein the coating or impregnation is neither a foamed material nor a free metal or alloy layer
    • Y10T442/2221—Coating or impregnation is specified as water proof
    • Y10T442/2238—Fluorocarbon containing
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T442/00—Fabric [woven, knitted, or nonwoven textile or cloth, etc.]
    • Y10T442/20—Coated or impregnated woven, knit, or nonwoven fabric which is not [a] associated with another preformed layer or fiber layer or, [b] with respect to woven and knit, characterized, respectively, by a particular or differential weave or knit, wherein the coating or impregnation is neither a foamed material nor a free metal or alloy layer
    • Y10T442/2262—Coating or impregnation is oil repellent but not oil or stain release
    • Y10T442/227—Fluorocarbon containing
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T442/00—Fabric [woven, knitted, or nonwoven textile or cloth, etc.]
    • Y10T442/20—Coated or impregnated woven, knit, or nonwoven fabric which is not [a] associated with another preformed layer or fiber layer or, [b] with respect to woven and knit, characterized, respectively, by a particular or differential weave or knit, wherein the coating or impregnation is neither a foamed material nor a free metal or alloy layer
    • Y10T442/2279—Coating or impregnation improves soil repellency, soil release, or anti- soil redeposition qualities of fabric
    • Y10T442/2287—Fluorocarbon containing

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
  • Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Treatments For Attaching Organic Compounds To Fibrous Goods (AREA)
  • Addition Polymer Or Copolymer, Post-Treatments, Or Chemical Modifications (AREA)
  • Application Of Or Painting With Fluid Materials (AREA)
  • Treatment And Processing Of Natural Fur Or Leather (AREA)
  • Materials Applied To Surfaces To Minimize Adherence Of Mist Or Water (AREA)
  • Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)
  • Paints Or Removers (AREA)
  • Coating Of Shaped Articles Made Of Macromolecular Substances (AREA)
  • Paper (AREA)
JP7323553A 1994-11-25 1995-11-20 油、水及び土を撥く処理加工を施された支持体、並びにこの目的のためのフツ素含有組成物 Pending JPH08243480A (ja)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE4441982A DE4441982A1 (de) 1994-11-25 1994-11-25 Öl-, wasser- und schmutzabweisend ausgerüstete Substrate und fluorhaltige Mittel hierzu
DE4441982.1 1994-11-25

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
JPH08243480A true JPH08243480A (ja) 1996-09-24

Family

ID=6534128

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
JP7323553A Pending JPH08243480A (ja) 1994-11-25 1995-11-20 油、水及び土を撥く処理加工を施された支持体、並びにこの目的のためのフツ素含有組成物

Country Status (4)

Country Link
US (2) US5753569A (enExample)
EP (1) EP0713939A2 (enExample)
JP (1) JPH08243480A (enExample)
DE (1) DE4441982A1 (enExample)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2012503029A (ja) * 2008-09-15 2012-02-02 ダイキン工業株式会社 水性重合体分散組成物および表面処理剤

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DE10131371A1 (de) * 2001-06-28 2003-01-16 Clariant Gmbh Verwendung von quaternierten (Meth)Acrylsäuredialkylaminoalkylestern als Soil Release Polymere für harte Oberflächen, sowie ein Verfahen zu deren Herstellung
US6326447B1 (en) 1998-06-19 2001-12-04 E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company Polymeric compositions for soil release on fabrics
DE69911035T2 (de) 1998-07-24 2004-04-01 Ciba Specialty Chemicals Holding Inc. Zusammensetzungen und verfahren zum schutz von calcitischen und/oder silikatischen oberflächen
US6383569B2 (en) 1998-07-24 2002-05-07 Ciba Specialty Chemicals Corporation Compositions and methods to protect calcitic and/or siliceous materials
EP1112324B1 (en) * 1998-09-10 2005-10-19 Ciba SC Holding AG Aqueous fluorinated polymer dispersions capable to protect asphaltic materials
JP2000220093A (ja) * 1998-11-24 2000-08-08 Asahi Glass Co Ltd 紙処理用組成物および加工紙
US6455447B1 (en) * 1998-12-18 2002-09-24 Kimberly-Clark Corporation Paper machine substrates resistant to contamination by adhesive materials
US6271289B1 (en) 1999-11-16 2001-08-07 E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company Stain resistant compositions
US6638579B2 (en) 1999-12-15 2003-10-28 Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. Process of making paper machine substrates resistant to contamination by adhesive materials
FR2805288A1 (fr) * 2000-02-23 2001-08-24 Atofina Composition pour le traitement anti-taches et anti- salissures des moquettes et procede de traitement correspondant
US20030008588A1 (en) * 2000-03-03 2003-01-09 Gregor Kohlruss Textile skin cleaning device
US6566470B2 (en) * 2000-04-14 2003-05-20 Ciba Specialty Chemicals Corporation Fluorinated polymeric paper sizes and soil-release agents
GB0017521D0 (en) * 2000-07-17 2000-08-30 Unilever Plc Laundry composition comprising perfluoroalkyl soil release polymer and method of treating fabric in a laundry process
EP1325978A4 (en) * 2000-10-10 2005-05-11 Asahi Glass Co Ltd COMPOSITION FOR INTRODUCTION OF WATER REPRODUCTION AND OIL RESISTANCE
EP1201815B1 (en) 2000-10-31 2006-04-26 Asahi Glass Co., Ltd. Water repellent composition
US6524492B2 (en) * 2000-12-28 2003-02-25 Peach State Labs, Inc. Composition and method for increasing water and oil repellency of textiles and carpet
US6479605B1 (en) 2001-05-15 2002-11-12 E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company High-durability, low-yellowing repellent for textiles
EP1283296B1 (de) * 2001-08-08 2007-09-26 DyStar Textilfarben GmbH & Co. Deutschland KG Textile Flächengebilde mit geringer Anschmutzneigung
US20060100359A1 (en) * 2002-06-19 2006-05-11 Blackwood William R Fire and stain resistant compositions
US7335234B2 (en) * 2002-10-16 2008-02-26 Columbia Insurance Company Method of treating fibers, carpet yarns and carpets to enhance repellency
KR20060117981A (ko) * 2003-12-31 2006-11-17 쓰리엠 이노베이티브 프로퍼티즈 컴파니 발수성 및 발유성 플루오로아크릴레이트
WO2006001322A1 (ja) * 2004-06-25 2006-01-05 Daikin Industries, Ltd. 樹脂組成物およびその成形体
US7253241B2 (en) * 2004-12-28 2007-08-07 3M Innovative Properties Company Fluorochemical containing low adhesion backsize
US7345123B2 (en) * 2004-12-28 2008-03-18 3M Innovative Properties Company Fluoroacrylate-multifunctional acrylate copolymer compositions
US7291688B2 (en) * 2004-12-28 2007-11-06 3M Innovative Properties Company Fluoroacrylate-mercaptofunctional copolymers
US20060142530A1 (en) 2004-12-28 2006-06-29 Moore George G Water- and oil-repellent fluorourethanes and fluoroureas
US7411020B2 (en) * 2004-12-28 2008-08-12 3M Innovative Properties Company Water-based release coating containing fluorochemical
CN1332992C (zh) * 2005-06-07 2007-08-22 中国石油化工股份有限公司 含氟嵌段共聚物及其制备方法和应用
US20080202384A1 (en) * 2007-02-28 2008-08-28 Sheng Peng Fluoropolymer compositions and method of use
CA2686440A1 (en) * 2007-05-30 2008-12-11 Asahi Glass Company, Limited Antifouling composition, method for its production and article treated therewith
US20090030114A1 (en) * 2007-07-25 2009-01-29 Ying Wang Fluoropolymer emulsions
US8501641B2 (en) * 2007-10-01 2013-08-06 3M Innovative Properties Company Compositions comprising cationic fluorinated ether silanes, and related methods
CN101815719A (zh) * 2007-10-01 2010-08-25 3M创新有限公司 阳离子氟化醚硅烷组合物以及相关方法
US7754092B2 (en) * 2007-10-31 2010-07-13 E.I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company Soil resist additive
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US5387640A (en) * 1992-01-22 1995-02-07 Bayer Aktiengesellschaft Fluorine-containing copolymers and aqueous dispersions prepared therefrom
DE4201604A1 (de) * 1992-01-22 1993-07-29 Bayer Ag Fluorhaltige copolymerisate und daraus hergestellte waessrige dispersionen
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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2012503029A (ja) * 2008-09-15 2012-02-02 ダイキン工業株式会社 水性重合体分散組成物および表面処理剤

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
US5872180A (en) 1999-02-16
EP0713939A3 (enExample) 1996-06-05
DE4441982A1 (de) 1996-05-30
EP0713939A2 (de) 1996-05-29
US5753569A (en) 1998-05-19

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