JPH06506146A - 超多孔性および微孔性膜並びにそれらの製法 - Google Patents
超多孔性および微孔性膜並びにそれらの製法Info
- Publication number
- JPH06506146A JPH06506146A JP4508332A JP50833292A JPH06506146A JP H06506146 A JPH06506146 A JP H06506146A JP 4508332 A JP4508332 A JP 4508332A JP 50833292 A JP50833292 A JP 50833292A JP H06506146 A JPH06506146 A JP H06506146A
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- membrane
- polymer
- membranes
- less
- casting
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 title claims description 133
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 claims description 73
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 claims description 46
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 41
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 34
- 238000010791 quenching Methods 0.000 claims description 32
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 claims description 26
- 210000003491 skin Anatomy 0.000 claims description 23
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 210000002615 epidermis Anatomy 0.000 claims description 13
- 229920002492 poly(sulfone) Polymers 0.000 claims description 7
- 229920005597 polymer membrane Polymers 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000000638 solvent extraction Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000007654 immersion Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 239000003550 marker Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 230000000171 quenching effect Effects 0.000 description 21
- 239000010408 film Substances 0.000 description 13
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 8
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 239000012298 atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000001223 reverse osmosis Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000001330 spinodal decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 7
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 6
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 6
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000007791 liquid phase Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 6
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000003908 quality control method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000002829 reductive effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000001878 scanning electron micrograph Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000011800 void material Substances 0.000 description 4
- MSXVEPNJUHWQHW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methylbutan-2-ol Chemical group CCC(C)(C)O MSXVEPNJUHWQHW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Dimethylformamide Chemical group CN(C)C=O ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000005587 bubbling Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000012510 hollow fiber Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000001000 micrograph Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003085 diluting agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000012153 distilled water Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000706 filtrate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010899 nucleation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000006911 nucleation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000000717 retained effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 241000894006 Bacteria Species 0.000 description 1
- VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethene Chemical compound C=C VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005977 Ethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004809 Teflon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920006362 Teflon® Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 235000010724 Wisteria floribunda Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000005856 abnormality Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000033228 biological regulation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000969 carrier Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012459 cleaning agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012790 confirmation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003795 desorption Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000502 dialysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004090 dissolution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012467 final product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000013305 food Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000008187 granular material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002209 hydrophobic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000670 limiting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004005 microsphere Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002715 modification method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002772 monosaccharides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000003204 osmotic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001376 precipitating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000275 quality assurance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004626 scanning electron microscopy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004062 sedimentation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000935 solvent evaporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 241000894007 species Species 0.000 description 1
- 238000004528 spin coating Methods 0.000 description 1
- BFKJFAAPBSQJPD-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrafluoroethene Chemical compound FC(F)=C(F)F BFKJFAAPBSQJPD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000010409 thin film Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002834 transmittance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000108 ultra-filtration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D71/00—Semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus characterised by the material; Manufacturing processes specially adapted therefor
- B01D71/06—Organic material
- B01D71/66—Polymers having sulfur in the main chain, with or without nitrogen, oxygen or carbon only
- B01D71/68—Polysulfones; Polyethersulfones
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/22—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by diffusion
- B01D53/228—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by diffusion characterised by specific membranes
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D67/00—Processes specially adapted for manufacturing semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus
- B01D67/0002—Organic membrane manufacture
- B01D67/0009—Organic membrane manufacture by phase separation, sol-gel transition, evaporation or solvent quenching
- B01D67/0011—Casting solutions therefor
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D67/00—Processes specially adapted for manufacturing semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus
- B01D67/0002—Organic membrane manufacture
- B01D67/0009—Organic membrane manufacture by phase separation, sol-gel transition, evaporation or solvent quenching
- B01D67/0011—Casting solutions therefor
- B01D67/00113—Pretreatment of the casting solutions, e.g. thermal treatment or ageing
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D67/00—Processes specially adapted for manufacturing semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus
- B01D67/0002—Organic membrane manufacture
- B01D67/0009—Organic membrane manufacture by phase separation, sol-gel transition, evaporation or solvent quenching
- B01D67/0013—Casting processes
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D69/00—Semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus characterised by their form, structure or properties; Manufacturing processes specially adapted therefor
- B01D69/02—Semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus characterised by their form, structure or properties; Manufacturing processes specially adapted therefor characterised by their properties
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2325/00—Details relating to properties of membranes
- B01D2325/02—Details relating to pores or porosity of the membranes
- B01D2325/022—Asymmetric membranes
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Separation Using Semi-Permeable Membranes (AREA)
- Manufacture Of Porous Articles, And Recovery And Treatment Of Waste Products (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims (7)
- 1.下記の工程(A)〜(D)を含む、高度に非対称で一体化表皮層を有するポ リマー膜の製造法: (A)ポリマー、溶剤および非溶剤を混合することによって、流延温度における ビノダールまたはスビノダールにおいて準安定で、光学濃度が約0.5〜約1の 液−液分散液を調製し、 (B)該分散液を該流延温度において、薄層に流延し、(C)該流延層を0.5 秒よりも短い時間にわたって非溶剤急冷液を保有する溶剤抽出急冷浴中に浸漬す ることによって、該ポリマーの大部分をスビノダール分解によって沈殿させ、次 いで、 (D)該急冷浴から膜を回収する。
- 2.該時間を約0.25秒間よりも短くする請求項1記載の方法。
- 3.該時間を約0.1秒間よりも長くしない請求項1記載の方法。
- 4.(A)調整直径が約500MWCO〜約0.5μmであって、泡立ち点法で 決定される孔径の標準偏差が3よりも小さい表皮孔を有する多孔性表皮層および (B)高度に非対称なスビノダール構造を有する支持層を含み、(C)流速の標 準偏差が約100よりも小さく、流速の共分散が約6よりも小さい、一体化表皮 層を有する非対称ポリマー膜。
- 5.ポリマーがポリスルホンである請求項4記載のポリマー膜。
- 6.流速の標準偏差が75よりも小さく、流速の共分散が約5よりも小さい請求 項5記載のポリマー膜。
- 7.請求項1記載の方法によって製造される膜生成物。
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US07/674,907 US5171445A (en) | 1991-03-26 | 1991-03-26 | Ultraporous and microporous membranes and method of making membranes |
US674,907 | 1991-03-26 | ||
PCT/US1992/001975 WO1992017265A1 (en) | 1991-03-26 | 1992-03-13 | Ultraporous and microporous membranes and method of making membranes |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
JPH06506146A true JPH06506146A (ja) | 1994-07-14 |
JP3416131B2 JP3416131B2 (ja) | 2003-06-16 |
Family
ID=24708376
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
JP50833292A Expired - Lifetime JP3416131B2 (ja) | 1991-03-26 | 1992-03-13 | 超多孔性および微孔性膜並びにそれらの製法 |
Country Status (6)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US5171445A (ja) |
EP (2) | EP0589897B1 (ja) |
JP (1) | JP3416131B2 (ja) |
DE (2) | DE69229861T2 (ja) |
ES (2) | ES2138597T3 (ja) |
WO (1) | WO1992017265A1 (ja) |
Families Citing this family (43)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US6277281B1 (en) * | 1994-03-04 | 2001-08-21 | Usf Filtration And Separations Group Inc. | Large pore synthetic polymer membranes |
ATE208653T1 (de) * | 1994-03-04 | 2001-11-15 | Usf Filtration & Separations | Gross-porige membran aus synthetischen polymeren |
KR100458615B1 (ko) * | 1996-01-22 | 2005-04-21 | 폴 필트레이션 앤드 세퍼레이션스 그룹 인크. | 고다공성폴리비닐리덴디플루오라이드막 |
US6391265B1 (en) * | 1996-08-26 | 2002-05-21 | Biosite Diagnostics, Inc. | Devices incorporating filters for filtering fluid samples |
US6045899A (en) * | 1996-12-12 | 2000-04-04 | Usf Filtration & Separations Group, Inc. | Highly assymetric, hydrophilic, microfiltration membranes having large pore diameters |
US6146747A (en) * | 1997-01-22 | 2000-11-14 | Usf Filtration And Separations Group Inc. | Highly porous polyvinylidene difluoride membranes |
US5886059A (en) * | 1997-07-08 | 1999-03-23 | Memtec America Corporation | Highly asymmetric polyethersulfone filtration membranes |
US6258272B1 (en) | 1999-04-09 | 2001-07-10 | Usf Filtrations And Separations Group, Inc. | Internal hydrophilic membranes from blended anionic copolymers |
US7108791B2 (en) * | 1999-09-14 | 2006-09-19 | Millipore Corporation | High-resolution virus removal methodology and filtration capsule useful therefor |
US6612447B1 (en) | 2000-07-24 | 2003-09-02 | Baxter International Inc. | Blood collection systems and filters using a porous membrane element |
JP2005506168A (ja) | 2000-08-07 | 2005-03-03 | キュノ、インコーポレーテッド | 複数区域不支持微孔性薄膜 |
US6994789B2 (en) * | 2000-08-07 | 2006-02-07 | Cuno Incorporated | Pre-metered, unsupported multilayer microporous membrane |
US6736971B2 (en) * | 2000-08-07 | 2004-05-18 | Cuno Incorporated | Pre-metered, unsupported multilayer microporous membrane |
US6605154B1 (en) * | 2001-05-31 | 2003-08-12 | Advanced Cardiovascular Systems, Inc. | Stent mounting device |
US6695920B1 (en) * | 2001-06-27 | 2004-02-24 | Advanced Cardiovascular Systems, Inc. | Mandrel for supporting a stent and a method of using the mandrel to coat a stent |
US6673154B1 (en) * | 2001-06-28 | 2004-01-06 | Advanced Cardiovascular Systems, Inc. | Stent mounting device to coat a stent |
US6818063B1 (en) * | 2002-09-24 | 2004-11-16 | Advanced Cardiovascular Systems, Inc. | Stent mandrel fixture and method for minimizing coating defects |
US7335265B1 (en) * | 2002-10-08 | 2008-02-26 | Advanced Cardiovascular Systems Inc. | Apparatus and method for coating stents |
US7074276B1 (en) | 2002-12-12 | 2006-07-11 | Advanced Cardiovascular Systems, Inc. | Clamp mandrel fixture and a method of using the same to minimize coating defects |
US7354480B1 (en) * | 2003-02-26 | 2008-04-08 | Advanced Cardiovascular Systems, Inc. | Stent mandrel fixture and system for reducing coating defects |
US7323209B1 (en) | 2003-05-15 | 2008-01-29 | Advanced Cardiovascular Systems, Inc. | Apparatus and method for coating stents |
EP1666129B1 (en) * | 2003-08-07 | 2017-06-21 | Asahi Kasei Medical Co., Ltd. | Composite porous membrane |
US7517581B2 (en) * | 2003-09-26 | 2009-04-14 | Parker-Hannifin Corporation | Semipermeable hydrophilic membrane |
US7198675B2 (en) | 2003-09-30 | 2007-04-03 | Advanced Cardiovascular Systems | Stent mandrel fixture and method for selectively coating surfaces of a stent |
US8042485B1 (en) | 2003-12-30 | 2011-10-25 | Advanced Cardiovascular Systems, Inc. | Stent mandrel fixture and method for coating stents |
US8349388B1 (en) | 2004-03-18 | 2013-01-08 | Advanced Cardiovascular Systems, Inc. | Method of coating a stent |
US7648727B2 (en) | 2004-08-26 | 2010-01-19 | Advanced Cardiovascular Systems, Inc. | Methods for manufacturing a coated stent-balloon assembly |
US7892592B1 (en) | 2004-11-30 | 2011-02-22 | Advanced Cardiovascular Systems, Inc. | Coating abluminal surfaces of stents and other implantable medical devices |
US7823533B2 (en) | 2005-06-30 | 2010-11-02 | Advanced Cardiovascular Systems, Inc. | Stent fixture and method for reducing coating defects |
US7735449B1 (en) | 2005-07-28 | 2010-06-15 | Advanced Cardiovascular Systems, Inc. | Stent fixture having rounded support structures and method for use thereof |
US7867547B2 (en) | 2005-12-19 | 2011-01-11 | Advanced Cardiovascular Systems, Inc. | Selectively coating luminal surfaces of stents |
US7985441B1 (en) | 2006-05-04 | 2011-07-26 | Yiwen Tang | Purification of polymers for coating applications |
US8003156B2 (en) | 2006-05-04 | 2011-08-23 | Advanced Cardiovascular Systems, Inc. | Rotatable support elements for stents |
US8603530B2 (en) | 2006-06-14 | 2013-12-10 | Abbott Cardiovascular Systems Inc. | Nanoshell therapy |
US8048448B2 (en) | 2006-06-15 | 2011-11-01 | Abbott Cardiovascular Systems Inc. | Nanoshells for drug delivery |
US8017237B2 (en) | 2006-06-23 | 2011-09-13 | Abbott Cardiovascular Systems, Inc. | Nanoshells on polymers |
DE102007029444A1 (de) | 2007-06-22 | 2008-12-24 | Goedel, Werner A., Dr. | Poröse Membran mit asymmetrischer Struktur und das Verfahren zu ihrer Herstellung |
US8048441B2 (en) | 2007-06-25 | 2011-11-01 | Abbott Cardiovascular Systems, Inc. | Nanobead releasing medical devices |
SG10201403279SA (en) | 2009-08-24 | 2014-10-30 | Oasys Water Inc | Forward osmosis membranes |
US9186627B2 (en) | 2009-08-24 | 2015-11-17 | Oasys Water, Inc. | Thin film composite heat exchangers |
WO2011069050A1 (en) | 2009-12-03 | 2011-06-09 | Yale University | High flux thin-film composite forward osmosis and pressure-retarded osmosis membranes |
FR2992227B1 (fr) * | 2012-06-20 | 2022-04-01 | Commissariat Energie Atomique | Ensemble de filtration pour filtrer des nanoparticules comportant un filtre et un support de filtre, appareil et procede de montage de l'ensemble associes et procede de collecte et d'analyse de nanoparticules associe. |
US11241657B2 (en) | 2019-11-22 | 2022-02-08 | Pall Corporation | Filter for removing silica from ultra pure water and method of use |
Family Cites Families (10)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB1000038A (ja) * | 1960-12-06 | |||
US3709774A (en) * | 1970-05-13 | 1973-01-09 | Gen Electric | Preparation of asymmetric polymer membranes |
GB1391973A (en) * | 1971-09-07 | 1975-04-23 | Aqua Chem Inc | Polyvinyl acetal membrane |
DE2257697C3 (de) * | 1972-11-21 | 1978-09-28 | Asahi Kasei Kogyo K.K., Osaka (Japan) | Poröser Celluloseacetatsymmetrie-Membranfilter und Verfahren zu seiner Herstellung |
US4247498A (en) * | 1976-08-30 | 1981-01-27 | Akzona Incorporated | Methods for making microporous products |
JPS5856378B2 (ja) * | 1976-09-08 | 1983-12-14 | 旭化成株式会社 | アクリロニトリル系重合体乾燥膜およびその製造法 |
JPS5440287A (en) * | 1977-09-06 | 1979-03-29 | Kuraray Co Ltd | Ethylene-vinyl alcohol copolymer membrane of improved performance and preparation thereof |
US4774039A (en) * | 1980-03-14 | 1988-09-27 | Brunswick Corporation | Dispersing casting of integral skinned highly asymmetric polymer membranes |
US4629563B1 (en) * | 1980-03-14 | 1997-06-03 | Memtec North America | Asymmetric membranes |
US4814082A (en) * | 1986-10-20 | 1989-03-21 | Memtec North America Corporation | Ultrafiltration thin film membranes |
-
1991
- 1991-03-26 US US07/674,907 patent/US5171445A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1992
- 1992-03-13 EP EP92908893A patent/EP0589897B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1992-03-13 ES ES92908893T patent/ES2138597T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1992-03-13 DE DE69229861T patent/DE69229861T2/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1992-03-13 JP JP50833292A patent/JP3416131B2/ja not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1992-03-13 EP EP98121352A patent/EP0911074B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1992-03-13 WO PCT/US1992/001975 patent/WO1992017265A1/en active IP Right Grant
- 1992-03-13 DE DE69233584T patent/DE69233584T2/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1992-03-13 ES ES98121352T patent/ES2256908T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP0589897B1 (en) | 1999-08-25 |
EP0589897A1 (en) | 1994-04-06 |
JP3416131B2 (ja) | 2003-06-16 |
ES2256908T3 (es) | 2006-07-16 |
DE69233584T2 (de) | 2006-08-10 |
DE69229861T2 (de) | 2000-02-17 |
DE69229861D1 (de) | 1999-09-30 |
DE69233584D1 (de) | 2006-01-26 |
EP0589897A4 (en) | 1994-07-06 |
WO1992017265A1 (en) | 1992-10-15 |
EP0911074A1 (en) | 1999-04-28 |
ES2138597T3 (es) | 2000-01-16 |
EP0911074B1 (en) | 2005-12-21 |
US5171445A (en) | 1992-12-15 |
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