JPH0539695A - Trap device for pneumatic soil-excavating device - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To positively prevent sand and stones of large grain size from clogging a soil removing path by restricting sucking of the sand and stones in a pneumatic soil-excavating device for crushing soil and discharging the crushed earth and sand by the use of positive and negative air pressure. CONSTITUTION:A hollow, excavating cylinder 40 connected through an earth and sand collecting chamber 7, a vacuum duct 15 to a vacuum-suction blower 5 is provided. An injection nozzle 45 for injecting pressurized air to soil at high speed and under high pressure to crush the soil by the air force, an opened head 44 for sucking and discharging the crushed earth and sand by vacuum- suction force, and a trap 61 for restricting sucking-in of sand and stones of large grain size, are provided to an excavation head 40a at the lower end of the excavating head 40. Thus, the surface of soil is broken by high-pressure and high-speed air force, and simultaneously the crushed earth and sand is sucked and removed by vacuum-suction force. At this time, the trap 61 restricts the sucking-in of sand and stones of large grain size to prevent the sand and stones from clogging the sucking-discharging path.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a pneumatic soil excavator for crushing soil with pressure air and discharging the crushed earth and sand with a vacuum suction force. The present invention relates to a trap device that prevents

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art In recent years, a soil excavating device has been considered, which excavates a local hole for burying an underground pipe in the soil or erecting a utility pole mechanically and efficiently. This type of excavation work is often performed in a place where many pipes are housed and gas pipes, water pipes, etc. have already been buried.Therefore, as a soil excavation device, there is a risk of destroying buried objects in the soil. Adopt less method. In addition, there is a small amount of noise during excavation and there is a demand for easy excavation of the excavated earth and sand, and an excavation method using air pressure has been considered to meet such demand.

Conventionally, as an excavator utilizing the above-mentioned air pressure, for example, a vacuum excavator disclosed in the prior art of Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 58-222228 is known. This vacuum excavator is equipped with a suction port for soil and sand at the tip of a vacuum hose connected to a suction blower, and an operator presses the suction port of the hose against the soil surface of the excavation site. The soil is sucked up and excavated by the suction force of.

[0004]

However, the above-mentioned prior art is a method of excavating and advancing so as to suck up earth and sand by utilizing a vacuum suction force, and therefore has a soil crushing function. Absent. For this reason, in the case of excavating the soil that has been normally compacted, it is necessary for the worker to crush the soil in advance by a digging rod or an excavator so that the soil can be sucked and discharged. Since such soil crushing work requires a great deal of labor and time, there is a problem that workability is extremely deteriorated and the function of suction and discharge of the vacuum excavator itself cannot be sufficiently improved.

Therefore, the inventors of the present invention have already proposed a pneumatic soil excavating device in which the function of this suctioning and discharging soil is combined with the function of crushing soil, particularly, the one using high-pressure aerodynamic force as this crushing function. .. According to this, it is preferable that both operation systems are common, and it is expected that excavation work can be efficiently performed by the continuous operation of pressure crushing and suction and soil discharge. In such an air excavation method, the fine-grained earth and sand, which are easily broken by the pressure air, is crushed, and as a result, the hard and large-grained stone soil is also separated to crush the soil. The crushed fine-grained sand and hard stone soil are collectively sucked and discharged. For this reason, the hard, large-diameter stone soil is not crushed but is sucked as it is by the vacuum suction force, and this stone soil may be clogged in the suction / exhaust route to cause various problems.

The present invention has been made in view of this point, and in a pneumatic soil excavating device for crushing soil by using positive and negative air pressures and discharging crushed earth and sand, a stone soil having a large particle diameter is sucked. The purpose is to reliably prevent clogging of the soil discharge route.

[0007]

In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides a blower for vacuum suction, a sediment collecting chamber provided in communication with a suction path of the blower, and a vacuum duct in the sediment collecting chamber. And a hollow cylindrical drilling cylinder that is communicated through, and this drilling cylinder has a drilling head at the lower end,
At the periphery of this excavation head, a plurality of fumaroles for crushing the soil by injecting pressurized air to the soil at high speed are jetted and arranged, and are connected to the vacuum duct through the earth and sand suction passages. In the pneumatic soil excavation device provided with a large-diameter cylinder mouth for sucking and discharging the crushed earth and sand by a vacuum suction force, in the cylinder mouth of the excavating head of the excavating cylinder, a stone soil of a predetermined particle size or more It is equipped with a trap that limits suction.

[0008]

According to the above construction, in the excavating head of the excavating cylinder, the soil surface is crushed by the high-pressure and high-speed aerodynamic force ejected from the fumarole, and the crushed sand by the vacuum suction force which strongly acts on the soil surface at the cylinder mouth. Simultaneously with the soil removal by suction, the holes are dug efficiently according to the crushed state of the soil. And
With the progress of the digging, the digging cylinder is sequentially lowered by its own weight, and the digging is automatically advanced further deeply to perform the digging work so as to form a hole having a predetermined depth. In addition, in this excavation work, the earth and sand sucked by the trap attached to the mouth of the excavation head is further sorted, the suction of the stone soil having a large particle size is restricted, and the stone soil may be blocked in the intake and discharge route. Prevented in advance.

[0009]

Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings. In FIG. 3, the overall structure of a low floor truck having a driver's seat equipped with a pneumatic soil excavator will be described. Reference numeral 1 is a truck, 2 is a driver's seat, 3 is a chassis, an engine 4 on the chassis 3, a vacuum suction blower 5 driven by the engine 4, and a box-shaped filter chamber installed on the suction path of the blower 5. 6 and a sediment collection room 7 are equipped.

The vacuum suction blower 5 is connected to an exhaust chamber 6a above the filter chamber 6 through a communication pipe 8. The filter chamber 6 is provided with a partition plate 6c so that the upper exhaust chamber 6a
Is divided into the lower suction chamber 6b. A filter bag 9 formed like a plurality of bellows-shaped hoses is suspended in the suction chamber 6b below the partition plate 6c, and the lower end of the filter bag 9 is fixed to a support plate 10, 1
0 is elastically supported by the bottom of the filter chamber 6 via a coil spring 11. Then, the intake airflow in the filter chamber 6 enters the inside of the filter bag 9 through the inlet opening of the support plate 10, passes through the cylindrical wall of the filter bag 9, and flows from the outlet opening of the partition plate 6c to the exhaust chamber 6a, In this process, the fine dust of the sand and sand mixed in the air flow is removed by a filter action, and the bottom portion of the filter chamber 6 is connected to the upper portion of the earth and sand collection chamber 7 via the communication passage 12.

A sediment inlet 7a is opened at a high position in the rear of the sediment collecting chamber 7, and a bellows-like vacuum duct 15 is connected to the outside of the inlet 7a. An obliquely arranged collision plate 13 is installed at a position facing the inflow port 7a in the earth and sand collecting chamber 7 so as to be vertically movable with one end as a fulcrum, and the earth and sand sucked and introduced from the inflow port 7a is collided with the collision plate 13 by the collision plate 13. When it collides with the soil, the earth and sand having a large specific gravity fall into the lower collection chamber 7 and are collected, and the light air flow bypasses the collision plate 13 and the communication passage 12
It is configured to flow into the bottom portion of the filter chamber 6 via the. A door 14 that is opened and closed is provided at the bottom of the sediment collection chamber 7.
By opening this door 14, the collected sand at the bottom can be discharged to the outside.

At the rear part of the chassis 3 of the truck 1, a connecting bracket 18 having a U-shaped cross section is provided extending in the left-right direction, and a boom 20 extending in the front-rear direction is connected to the connecting bracket 18 via a hitch pin 19. The boom 20 is configured by inserting the inner cylinder 20b into the outer cylinder 20a such that the inner cylinder 20b can expand and contract.
Support base 2 of the excavation section via the mounting plate 21 at the end of 0b.
2 is detachably fixed.

The excavation section will be described in detail with reference to FIG. The support frame 22 includes a vertical frame 24 having a mounting plate 23 that is bonded and fixed to the mounting plate 21, and support members 25, 2 mounted on the upper and lower ends of the vertical frame 24.
The vertical guide 24 has an elevating guide column 27, a pair of outriggers 29 provided vertically below the vertical frame 24 by a hydraulic cylinder mechanism 28, and moving wheels 30. Then, the hydraulic cylinder mechanism 2
By extending 8 and placing a pair of left and right outriggers 29 on the ground, the entire support frame 22 is stably grounded and fixed.

The lifting guide column 27 of the support frame 22 is a square pipe material and has a rack 27a formed on its side surface. Further, an elevating body 35 is engaged with the guide column 27, and the pinion 32 of the elevating body 35 is engaged with the rack 27a so that the pair of rollers 3
3 and 34 are provided so as to be in pressure contact with the guide column 27 on the side opposite to the pinion 32 and move up and down along the guide column 27. A handle 36 is attached to the pinion 32,
By rotating the pinion 32 with the handle 36, the lifting / lowering body is raised and lowered, and is fixedly held at a predetermined height position by a lock mechanism (not shown).

A hollow cylinder 42 is vertically fixed to the elevating body 35 through a fixture 35a so as to stand upright on the ground, and an excavation cylinder 40 is axially retained on the outside of the hollow cylinder 42 so as to rotate. Mating is possible. The hollow cylinder 42 has a sediment suction passage 41 inside, and the upper end of the passage 41 is connected to the vacuum duct 15. An air passage 43 is formed in an annular shape in the thick portion of the hollow cylinder 42, and an air hose 51 is connected to the air passage 43. Here, the air hose 51 is connected to the exhaust system of the vacuum suction blower 5, and the blower exhaust is introduced into the air passage 43 as pressure air.

A large diameter excavation head 40a is formed at the lower end of the excavation cylinder 40, and a cylindrical mouth 44 communicating with the earth and sand suction passage 41 of the hollow cylinder 42 is formed in the inside of the excavation head 40a so as to be widened. By doing so, it is possible to remove the crushed earth by suction. Further, at the peripheral edge of the lower end of the excavation head 40a, for example, four air pressure ports 45 communicating with the air passage 43 are opened downward, and the pressure air is injected at high speed from the air pressure ports to the soil. , Is configured to crush the soil by this aerodynamic force. On the other hand, the excavating head 40a of the excavating cylinder 40 at the entrance of the suction and earth discharging route
A trap device 60 for preventing the suction of the stone soil having a large particle size is attached to the cylindrical opening 44 of the.

A hydraulic motor 48 is mounted on the lifting body 35 via a support fitting 47, and the drive shaft 4 of the hydraulic motor 48 is mounted on the hydraulic motor 48.
The gear 49 of 8a meshes with the gear 50 fixed around the excavation cylinder 40, and decelerates the excavation cylinder 40 to the left or right or both to rotate. Also, the drilling head 4
On the outer periphery of 0a, for example, four cutting tips 46 are provided so as to project downward while being out of phase with the fumarole 45, and as the excavating cylinder 40 rotates, the cutting tips 46 excavate the soil in a circular shape, and pneumatic crushing and discharging are performed. Assists the function of soil.

A first embodiment of the trap device 60 will be described with reference to FIGS. 1 and 2. The trap 61 is configured such that circular and radial partition pieces 61b and 61c are coupled to each other inside a circular mounting ring 61a to form a gap of a predetermined size in the internal space. Further, in the excavating head 40a of the excavating cylinder 40, a step portion 44a is formed at the tip end of the tube mouth 44, and the trap 61 is fixed to the step portion 44a by fitting a mounting ring 61a and tightening with a bolt 62. ..

Next, the operation of this embodiment will be described. First, during excavation work, a truck is run near the excavation site and stopped. Then, the support base 22 is grounded and fixed to the ground, the excavation cylinder 40 is vertically arranged right above the soil to be excavated, and the excavation head 40a at the lower end thereof is brought into contact with the soil surface. After the work set is completed, the vacuum suction blower 5 is operated by the engine, and at the same time, the excavating cylinder 40 is appropriately rotated by the hydraulic motor 48. Then, the vacuum suction force from the vacuum suction blower 5 acts on the cylinder port 44 of the excavation cylinder 40 via the communication pipe 8, the filter chamber 6, the sediment collection chamber 7, the vacuum duct 15, and the sediment suction passage 41. At this time, the excavation head 40a sinks inside the excavated hole to generate a high sealing effect, and thus the vacuum suction force strongly acts on the soil at the tube mouth 44.

On the other hand, at the same time, the pressure air generated by the exhaust air from the vacuum suction blower 5 is introduced into the air passage 43 through the hose 51, and this pressure air flows at high speed from the fumarole 45 to the soil at the excavation head 40a. Is jetted at. Therefore, the high-pressure, high-speed aerodynamic force effectively breaks down the soil that easily breaks on the soil surface, and the hard stone soil is also separated along with this. At this time, the cutting tip 46 on the outer periphery of the lower end of the excavation head 40a acts so as to cut the soil and move rocks and the like as the excavation cylinder 40 rotates, so that the above-mentioned thrusting of the soil by the air pressure is further promoted. .. Then, the collapsed earth and sand having a small particle diameter and the stone earth having a large particle diameter are easily floated and sucked by the vacuum suction force which strongly acts on the soil at the tube mouth 44, and are sucked from the sediment suction passage 41 to the vacuum duct 15 The soil is discharged into the earth and sand collecting chamber 7 through the.

In this way, in the excavating head 40a, the action of pushing the soil surface by the pressurized air and the action of discharging the crushed earth and sand by the vacuum suction force are simultaneously progressed, so that a predetermined depth depending on the crushed state of the soil is obtained. You will be digging very efficiently one by one. Then, with the progress of this digging, the digging cylinder 40 sequentially descends by its own weight, so that the digging cylinder 40 automatically advances further to dig deeper, whereby the digging cylinder 40 deeply penetrates into the soil and has a predetermined depth. A drilling operation is performed so as to form a hole.

Further, in the above-described excavation work, the trap 61 is further attached to the tip of the tube mouth 44 of the excavation head 40a, so that the soil surface or the crushed earth and sand is trapped by the trap 61.
Be touched and be selected. Therefore, the earth and sand B having a relatively small particle diameter passes through the trap 61 to be sucked and discharged, but the stone earth A having a particle diameter larger than the gap of the trap 61 is caught by the partition pieces 61b and 61c and prevented from being sucked. To be done. Therefore, it is possible to prevent the stone soil A having a large particle diameter from being sucked and clogging in the middle of the suction and discharge route. Further, when the large-diameter stone soil A is excavated in this manner, the stone soil A prevents the excavation cylinder 40 from descending by its own weight and the progress of the excavation work. From this, the operator determines that the large stone soil A has been excavated. can do. Therefore, in this case, the lifting body 35
It is possible to continue the excavation work again by raising the excavation cylinder 40 together with the hollow cylinder 42 by the handle 36 and removing the stone soil A.

A second embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIG. In this embodiment, the trap 61 is constructed by connecting vertical and horizontal partition pieces 61d and 61e to a mounting ring 61a, and in this case as well, the trap 61 is similarly fixed to prevent suction of the stone soil A having a large grain size.

A third embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIG. In this embodiment, the cutting tip 63 is also fixed to, for example, the intersecting portion of the partition pieces 61d and 61e of the trap 61. Therefore, in this case, the cutting tips 46 and 63 are attached to both the outer circumference and the inside of the drilling head 40a,
It is possible to further increase the effect of soil crushing during rotation.

Although the embodiment of the present invention has been described above, the structure of the trap, the fixing method and the like are not limited to these.

[0026]

As described above, according to the present invention,
In a pneumatic soil excavator that crushes soil using positive and negative air pressure and discharges crushed earth and sand, a trap is attached to the part of the cylinder mouth that sucks the crushed earth and sand by the excavation head. It is possible to reliably prevent the soil from being sucked and clogging the soil discharge route. Therefore, it is not necessary to remove the stone soil clogged in the middle of the suction and soil discharge route,
The blower can also avoid damage due to abnormal suction,
The excavation work can be performed stably. Since the trap is fixed to the tube mouth, the rigidity of this portion is strengthened and the structure is simple. In the embodiment in which the cutting tip is attached to the trap, the function of the cutting tip is increased.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a side view showing an example of a trap device of a pneumatic soil excavation device according to the present invention in a partially sectioned manner.

FIG. 2 is a bottom view of the main part.

FIG. 3 is a side view showing the overall configuration of a pneumatic soil excavation device.

FIG. 4 is a cross sectional view showing a second embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view showing a third embodiment of the present invention.

[Explanation of symbols]

 5 Blower for Vacuum Suction 7 Sediment Collection Room 15 Vacuum Duct 40 Excavation Cylinder 40a Excavation Head 41 Sediment Suction Passage 44 Cylinder 45 Fume Vent 60 Trap Device 61 Trap

Claims (3)

[Claims] 1. A blower for vacuum suction, a sediment collecting chamber provided in communication with a suction path of the blower, and a hollow cylindrical excavating cylinder communicating with the sediment collecting chamber via a vacuum duct. , This drill cylinder has a drill head at the lower end,
At the periphery of this excavation head, a plurality of fumaroles for crushing the soil by injecting pressurized air to the soil at high speed are jetted and arranged, and are connected to the vacuum duct through the earth and sand suction passages. In a pneumatic soil excavation device provided with an opening of a large diameter cylinder opening for suctioning and discharging the crushed earth and sand by vacuum suction force, in the mouth of the excavation head of the excavation cylinder, suction of debris of a predetermined particle size or more A trap device for a pneumatic soil excavating device, which is equipped with a trap for restricting the above. 2. The trap device for a pneumatic soil excavator according to claim 1, wherein the trap is constructed by connecting partition pieces to a mounting ring in a vertical, horizontal, radial or circular shape. 3. The trap device for a pneumatic soil excavator according to claim 1, wherein the trap has a cutting tip on an inner partition piece.