JP3021112B2 - Hydraulic soil rig - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a fluid-type soil excavator for crushing soil by a gas or liquid fluid injection pressure and discharging the crushed soil by vacuum suction.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art In recent years, a soil excavator has been considered which digs a local hole for burying an underground conduit in the soil or erecting a utility pole or the like with mechanical efficiency. This type of excavation work is often performed in places where many people are home and gas pipes, water pipes, etc. are already buried, and as a soil digging equipment, there is a danger of destroying buried objects in the soil. Employ a few methods. In addition, there is a demand for low excavation noise and easy removal of excavated earth and sand. Excavation methods using air pressure have been considered to satisfy such requirements.

Conventionally, a vacuum excavator disclosed in the prior art of Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 58-222228 has been known as an excavator using the air pressure. This vacuum excavator is provided with a suction port for earth and sand at the end of a vacuum hose connected to a suction blower, and an operator presses the suction port of the hose against the soil surface of the excavation site, and in this state, the blower is blown. It excavates by sucking up the earth and sand by the suction force of.

[0004]

However, the above-mentioned prior art has a function of crushing soil because it is a system in which the ground is excavated and sucked up using vacuum suction to suck up the earth and sand. Absent. For this reason, in the case of excavation of ordinary compacted soil, it is necessary for an operator to previously crush the soil with a drill rod or an excavator so that the soil can be sucked and discharged. Such a work of crushing the soil requires a great deal of labor and time, so that the workability is extremely poor, and there is a problem that the function of the vacuum excavator itself for sucking and discharging the soil cannot be sufficiently improved.

Therefore, the present inventors have already proposed a pneumatic soil excavator in which the suctioning and discharging function is combined with the soil crushing function, in particular, the one utilizing high pressure aerodynamic force as the crushing function. According to this, it is preferable that both operation systems are shared, and it is expected that excavation work can be efficiently performed by continuous operation of pressure crushing and suction discharging. In such a pneumatic excavation method, the digging proceeds according to the crushing of the soil by the pressurized air, and the crushing of the soil directly affects the digging efficiency. Therefore, in order to improve the excavation efficiency, it is desired to provide various excavation forms such as using a liquid having a large impact force as well as a gas and excavating in a wet atmosphere.

The present invention has been made in view of this point, and crushes soil efficiently by using a liquid injection pressure, and sucks and discharges the crushed soil to improve the efficiency of excavation work.
The purpose is to improve workability and the like.

[0007]

In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides a vacuum suction means, a liquid pressure feeding means, a sediment collection chamber provided in a suction path communicating with the vacuum suction means, and a sediment collection chamber. A hollow cylindrical excavation tube which is communicated with a vacuum duct and is installed upright on the soil surface so as to be able to ascend and descend. The excavation tube has a sediment suction passage in the center of the excavation tube which communicates with the vacuum duct. And a plurality of fountain ports that are communicated with the liquid pumping means to the lower excavation head and crush the soil by injecting liquid at high speed into the soil, and a fumarole that is connected to the air pumping means and inject air at high speed into the soil, A large-diameter cylindrical port that sucks and discharges crushed earth and sand by vacuum suction force by being connected to the earth and sand suction passage is provided.

[0008]

According to the above construction, when a drilling cylinder is set upright on the soil surface of a drilling place and the vacuum suction means and the liquid pumping means are driven, the liquid by the liquid pumping means causes the liquid in the drilling head of the drilling head of the drilling cylinder. At high speed, and the sprayed water moistens the soil and exerts a great impact force to effectively crush the soil. At this time, the vacuum suction force by the vacuum suction means is strongly acting on the soil surface from the bore of the excavation head, whereby the crushed soil and liquid are easily floated and sucked, and the soil suction passage, the vacuum duct are formed. It is sucked and transferred to the earth and sand collection chamber through the earth and discharged. Thus,
Soil crushing by liquid injection and crushed earth and sand and liquid suction and discharge by vacuum suction force are performed at the same time, so that a hole can be dug efficiently according to the crushing state of the soil. Then, as the excavation progresses, the excavation cylinder automatically descends deeper while the excavation cylinder descends in its own weight, and excavation work is performed so that a hole having a predetermined depth is formed.

[0009]

DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS The prerequisite technology of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings. Referring to FIG. 2, the overall configuration of a mode in which a low-floor type truck having a driver's seat is equipped with a pneumatic soil excavator will be described. Reference numeral 1 denotes a truck, 2 denotes a driver's seat, 3 denotes a chassis, an engine 4 on the chassis 3, a vacuum suction blower 5 driven by the engine 4, and a box-shaped filter chamber installed on a suction path of the blower 5. 6 and a sediment collection room 7 are provided.

The vacuum suction blower 5 is connected to an exhaust chamber 6 a above the filter chamber 6 via a communication pipe 8. The filter chamber 6 is separated from the upper exhaust chamber 6 by a partition plate 6c.
a and a lower suction chamber 6b. A filter bag 9 formed like a plurality of bellows-like hoses is suspended from the partition plate 6c in the lower suction chamber 6b, and the lower end of the filter bag 9 is fixed to the support plate 10, Numeral 10 is elastically supported on the bottom of the filter chamber 6 via a coil spring 11. Then, the suction airflow in the filter chamber 6 enters the inside of the filter bag 9 from the inlet opening of the support plate 10, passes through the cylindrical wall of the filter bag 9, and flows from the outlet opening of the partition plate 6 c to the exhaust chamber 6 a. In the process, the fine dust of the earth and sand mixed into the airflow is configured to be removed by a filter action. The bottom of the filter chamber 6 is communicated with the upper part of the earth and sand collection chamber 7 through the communication passage 12.

The earth and sand collection chamber 7 has an inlet 7a for earth and sand which is opened at a high position at the rear, and a bellows-shaped vacuum duct 15 is connected to the outside of the inlet 7a. At a position facing the inflow port 7a inside the sediment collection chamber 7, an obliquely arranged collision plate 13 is installed so as to be vertically movable with one end serving as a fulcrum, and sediment sucked in from the inflow port 7a is supplied to the collision plate 13 , The heavy sand falls into the lower collection chamber 7 and accumulates, and the light air flow bypasses the collision plate 13 and communicates with the communication passage 12.
Through the filter chamber 6. The bottom of the sediment collection chamber 7 has a door 14 that can be opened and closed.
When the door 14 is opened, the collected sediment at the bottom can be discharged to the outside.

At the rear of the undercarriage 3 of the truck 1, there is provided a connecting bracket 18 extending in the left-right direction and having a U-shaped cross section, and a boom 20 extending in the front-rear direction is connected to the connecting bracket 18 via a hitch pin 19. The boom 20 is configured by inserting the inner cylinder 20b into the outer cylinder 20a so as to be extendable and contractible.
0b via a mounting plate 21 at the end of
2 is detachably fixed.

Referring to FIG. 1, the excavation unit will be described in detail. The support pedestal 22 includes a vertical frame 24 having a mounting plate 23 joined and fixed to the mounting plate 21, support members 25 mounted on upper and lower ends of the vertical frame 24,
An elevating guide column 27 vertically erected by 26, a pair of outriggers 29 provided below the vertical frame 24 by a hydraulic cylinder mechanism 28 so as to be able to expand and contract vertically, and a moving wheel 30. Then, by extending the hydraulic cylinder mechanism 28 and placing the pair of left and right outriggers 29 on the ground, the entire support base 22 is stably fixed to the ground.

The elevating guide column 27 of the support base 22 is a square pipe material, and a rack 27a is formed on a side surface. In addition, a lift 35 is engaged with the guide column 27 by engaging the pinion 32 thereof with the rack 27 a, and a pair of rollers 3.
On the opposite side of the pinion 32, the pressing members 3, 34 are provided so as to press and contact the guide columns 27, and move up and down along the guide columns 27. A handle 36 is attached to the pinion 32, and the lift is raised and lowered by rotating the pinion 32 with the handle 36, and is fixedly held at a predetermined height position by a lock mechanism (not shown). A hollow cylinder 42 is vertically fixed to the elevating body 35 via a fixture 35a so as to stand upright on the ground, and an excavating cylinder 40 is rotatably fitted to the outside of the hollow cylinder 42 so as to be prevented from coming off in the axial direction. Have been combined. The hollow cylinder 42 has a sediment suction passage 41 inside, and this passage 4
The upper end of 1 is connected to the vacuum duct 15.

As a means for excavating the liquid, the hollow cylinder 42 is used.
A water passage 43 is formed in an annular shape in the thick part. The water passage 43 is connected to a water tank 53 by a hose 51 via a high-pressure water pump 52, and the high-pressure water is supplied to the water passage 4.
3 has been introduced.

The excavating cylinder 40 has a large-diameter excavating head 40a formed at the lower end, and a cylindrical opening 44 communicating with the sediment suction passage 41 of the hollow cylinder 42 is formed in the inside of the excavating head 40a so as to expand and open. The crushed earth and sand can be discharged by suction. In addition, for example, four fountain holes 45 communicating with the water channel 43
Is opened downward, and high-pressure water is injected at high speed from the fountain port 45 into the soil, and the soil is crushed by the impact force of the water. The drilling head 40
On the outer periphery of a, for example, four cutting tips 46 are protruded downwardly out of phase with the fountain port 45, and dig and crush the soil by cutting the soil in a circular shape with the cutting tips 46 as the drilling cylinder 40 rotates. Assists the function of

Next, the operation of the base technology will be described. First, at the time of excavation work, the truck travels near the excavation place and stops. Then, the support base 22 is fixed to the ground on the ground, the excavating cylinder 40 is placed upright on the soil to be excavated, and the excavating head 40a at the lower end thereof is brought into contact with the soil surface. After the completion of this work setting, the vacuum suction blower 5 is operated by the engine, and at the same time, the excavating cylinder 40 is appropriately rotated by the hydraulic motor 48. Then, the vacuum suction blower 5
Vacuum suction force acts on the pipe opening 44 of the excavating cylinder 40 through the communication pipe 8, the filter chamber 6, the earth and sand collection chamber 7, the vacuum duct 15, and the earth and sand suction passage 41. At this time, the excavation head 40a is immersed in the excavated hole to produce a high sealing effect, whereby the vacuum suction force acts strongly on the soil at the cylinder port 44.

On the other hand, when the water pump 52 is driven at the same time, the water in the water tank 53 is introduced into the water channel 43 through the hose 51 at a high pressure, and the high-pressure water is supplied to the excavating head 40.
At a, it is jetted at high speed from the fountain port 45 toward the soil.
Therefore, the high-pressure jet water is moistened so that the soil surface is easily broken, and a great impact force of the jet water is applied as compared with the gas, so that the soil which is easily broken on the soil surface is effectively crushed. It is.

At this time, the position of the high-pressure water injection from the fountain port 45 moves at a predetermined speed on the circumference due to the rotation of the excavating cylinder 40. For this reason, even if high-pressure water is applied to the hard stone soil mixed in the soil and it cannot be crushed, the injection position moves around the hard stone soil and the earth and sand is immediately crushed. Further, the rotation of the excavating cylinder 40 causes the excavating head 4 to rotate.
The cutting tip 46 on the outer periphery of the lower end of the bottom portion 0a acts to further cut the soil and move rocks and the like, and by these actions, the earth and sand are actively broken down, and the hard stone soil is also separated. The soil is crushed efficiently.

The crushed earth and sand having a small particle size, the stone having a large particle size, and the water sprayed from the fountain port 45 can be easily applied to the cylinder port 44 by a vacuum suction force acting strongly on the soil. Floating and sucked. And this crushed earth and sand,
The water is smoothly sucked and transferred from the earth and sand suction passage 41 to the earth and sand collection chamber 7 through the vacuum duct 15, and is collected and discharged therein.

In this way, the crushing action of the soil surface by the high pressure jet water and the discharging action of the crushed soil by the vacuum suction force are simultaneously advanced in the excavating head 40a, so that a predetermined depth according to the crushing state of the soil is achieved. The digging will be done very efficiently one by one. Then, as the digging progresses, the digging cylinder 40 sequentially descends by its own weight, and automatically proceeds to dig deeper, whereby the digging cylinder 40 penetrates deeply into the soil and has a predetermined depth. Excavation work is performed to form a hole.

Referring to FIG. 3, an embodiment of the present invention will be described. This embodiment enables the breaking of earth and sand, either or both of gas and liquid. Therefore,
An excavating cylinder 40 is rotatably fitted to the outside of the hollow cylinder 42,
A handle 60 is attached to the excavating cylinder 40 so as to be manually rotated. A plurality of air pipes 61 and water pipes 64 are fixed in the axial direction of the inner surface of the hollow cylinder 42,
The lower part of the air pipe 61 and the lower part of the water pipe 64 are connected to a trap 66 for preventing the inhalation of large-diameter stone soil, and the blast hole 62 and the fountain
5 are arranged downward. The air pipe 61 is connected to the exhaust system of the vacuum suction blower 5 via the collecting pipe 67 and the air hose 63, so that the blower exhaust can be introduced into the air pipe 61 as compressed air. The water pipe 64 is composed of the collecting pipe 68 and the water hose 5.
1 communicates with the water tank 53 via the water pump 52 in the same manner as described above.

In this embodiment, when the air hose 63 is connected to the exhaust system of the blower 5 during excavation work,
Pressurized air is injected at a high pressure and at a high speed from the blast port 62, and this air force causes the earth and sand to collapse in a dry manner. Further, when the water pump 52 is driven, high-pressure water is injected from the fountain port 65 as described above, and the earth and sand are crushed more strongly than in the case of air injection. Furthermore, when such air and water injections are performed simultaneously, the soil and sand are more strongly crushed by the action of both, and in this case, for example, the water injection can be limitedly used as necessary in a hard state of the soil. Post-treatment of water and the like become easy.

Although the embodiment of the present invention has been described above, a means for removing the liquid contained in the suctioned earth may be provided in the suction path.

[0025]

As described above, according to the present invention,
Soil crushing by liquid injection and suctioning and discharging of crushed soil by vacuum force are configured to proceed at the same time. The workability of excavation work can be greatly improved. In particular, since liquid such as water is used for crushing the soil, the soil is moistened so as to easily collapse, and a large impact force is applied, so that the crushing effect is large and the efficiency of the excavation work is reduced. Increase. In the embodiment in which the drilling cylinder is configured to be capable of liquid injection and air injection, one or both of them can be selected to perform the drilling operation, thereby optimally and efficiently adapting to the properties of the soil and the like. It becomes possible to break the soil.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a side view showing a main part of a prerequisite technology of a fluid-type soil excavator according to the present invention in a partially sectional view.

FIG. 2 is a side view showing the overall configuration of the fluid soil excavator.

FIG. 3 is a sectional view showing a main part of the embodiment of the present invention.

[Explanation of symbols]

 5 Blower for vacuum suction 7 Sediment collection chamber 15 Vacuum duct 40 Drilling cylinder 40a Drilling head 41 Sediment suction passage 44 Cylinder port 45, 65 Fountain port 51 Water hose 52 Water pump 53 Water tank 62 Fume port

──────────────────────────────────────────────────続 き Continued on front page (58) Field surveyed (Int.Cl. ⁷ , DB name) E21B 7/18

Claims (1)

(57) [Claims] 1. A vacuum suction means, a liquid pressure feeding means, and a sediment collection chamber provided in a suction path communicating with the vacuum suction means, and the sediment collection chamber is communicated via a vacuum duct to stand upright on the soil surface. A hollow cylindrical excavation tube which is installed so as to be able to ascend and descend in a state.The excavation tube has a sediment suction passage communicating with the vacuum duct at the center of the inside thereof, and the excavation head at the lower end is communicated with the liquid pumping means to communicate with the liquid pumping means. A plurality of fountains for jetting high-speed air into the soil to crush the soil, a fumarole that communicates with the air pump to jet air at high speed to the soil, and a vacuum suction force that communicates with the sediment suction passage to crush the crushed soil. And a large-diameter cylindrical port for sucking and discharging soil.