JP2963263B2 - Pneumatic soil rig - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a pneumatic soil excavator for digging and excavating using pressurized air, vacuum suction, and a rotating cutting tip, and more particularly to a digging mechanism capable of digging a square hole.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, it is generally known to use a rotary drilling means such as a drill and an auger when drilling soil and mechanically drilling a vertical hole such as a utility pole. The use of this rotary excavating means improves the efficiency of excavation, but requires crushed earth and sand to be separately treated, and this earth removal processing requires a great deal of labor. Further, when there is a buried object such as a gas pipe or a water pipe in the ground, there is a possibility that the buried object may be broken or damaged because of a large rotary excavation force.

[0003] In order to solve such a problem of the rotary excavating means, the soil is safely crushed using pressurized air, and the crushed soil is automatically discharged by a vacuum suction force. By performing both functions simultaneously, drilling work for deep hole digging can be performed efficiently. Further, in the excavation work, a pneumatic soil excavation apparatus that uses a rotating cutting tip to assist the progress of the work while adjusting the shape of the hole has already been proposed by the present applicant.

[0004]

By the way, in the above-mentioned system using the rotary excavating means of the prior art, the shape of the excavated hole is necessarily circular. Also, in the case of the pneumatic method by the present applicant, a round hole is formed because a rotating cutting tip is used, and a square hole such as a square cannot be formed by these means.

Here, in the case of burying various pipes, it is necessary to dig a narrow and deep groove. In this case, it is conceivable to use the above-mentioned digging means. Grooving cannot be performed in the process. Depending on the contents of the work, it is also required to quickly dig a large-diameter hole, and in this case, a square hole is more advantageous. For this reason, it is desired to excavate with a simple configuration so as to reliably form an arbitrary square hole.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention has been made in view of this point, and in a pneumatic soil excavator for crushing soil using positive and negative air pressures and discharging crushed soil, a square hole digging of any shape can be performed. The purpose is to make it possible.

[0007]

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides a vacuum suction blower, a sediment collection chamber provided in communication with a suction path of the blower, and a lifting and lowering communication in communication with the sediment collection chamber. A hollow cylinder that is rotatably supported, and a drilling cylinder that is rotatably fitted to the hollow cylinder. In the pneumatic soil excavator provided with a mouth and a mouth for sucking and discharging the crushed earth and sand by vacuum suction force, a square tubular square hole drilling head around the drilling head,
The drilling head is supported and arranged so as to maintain a stationary state, and at least at a corner of the square hole drilling head is provided with a blowing port for blowing high-pressure air into the soil and breaking it.

[0008]

According to the above construction, the soil is broken down into a circular shape by high-pressure, high-speed pneumatic force erupting from the blast port of the excavating head of the rotating excavating cylinder, and at the same time, for example, a square corner arranged stationary around the soil. The high-pressure, high-speed aerodynamic force erupting from the eruption hole at the corner of the drilling head further breaks the four circular corners and breaks the soil into a square shape as a whole. Then, the crushed earth and sand is automatically sucked and discharged by a vacuum suction force acting strongly on the soil surface. In this way, a square hole is dug efficiently, and with the progress of this hole excavation, the two excavating heads sequentially descend under their own weights, and the hole excavation automatically proceeds to form a square hole having a predetermined depth. Excavation work.

[0009]

Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings. Referring to FIG. 4, a description will be given of an overall configuration of a mode in which a low-floor type truck having a driver's seat is equipped with a pneumatic soil excavator. Reference numeral 1 denotes a truck, 2 denotes a driver's seat, 3 denotes a chassis, an engine 4 on the chassis 3, a vacuum suction blower 5 driven by the engine 4, and a box-shaped filter chamber installed on a suction path of the blower 5. 6 and a sediment collection room 7 are provided.

The vacuum suction blower 5 is connected to an exhaust chamber 6 a above the filter chamber 6 via a communication pipe 8. The filter chamber 6 is provided with an upper exhaust chamber 6a by a partition plate 6c.
And a lower suction chamber 6b. A filter bag 9 formed like a plurality of bellows-like hoses is suspended from the partition plate 6c in the lower suction chamber 6b, and the lower end of the filter bag 9 is fixed to the support plate 10, 1
Numeral 0 is elastically supported at the bottom of the filter chamber 6 via a coil spring 11. Then, the suction airflow in the filter chamber 6 enters the inside of the filter bag 9 from the inlet opening of the support plate 10, passes through the cylindrical wall of the filter bag 9, and flows from the outlet opening of the partition plate 6c to the exhaust chamber 6a, In this process, fine dust of the earth and sand mixed into the airflow is configured to be removed by a filter action, and the bottom of the filter chamber 6 is communicated with the upper part of the earth and sand collection chamber 7 through the communication passage 12.

The earth and sand collection chamber 7 has an inlet 7a for earth and sand which is opened at a high position at the rear, and a bellows-shaped vacuum duct 15 is connected to the outside of the inlet 7a. At a position facing the inflow port 7a inside the sediment collection chamber 7, an obliquely arranged collision plate 13 is installed so as to be vertically movable with one end serving as a fulcrum, and sediment sucked in from the inflow port 7a is supplied to the collision plate 13 , The heavy sand falls into the lower collection chamber 7 and accumulates, and the light air flow bypasses the collision plate 13 and communicates with the communication passage 12.
Through the filter chamber 6. The bottom of the sediment collection chamber 7 has a door 14 that can be opened and closed.
When the door 14 is opened, the collected sediment at the bottom can be discharged to the outside.

At the rear of the undercarriage 3 of the truck 1, there is provided a connecting bracket 18 extending in the left-right direction and having a U-shaped cross section, and a boom 20 extending in the front-rear direction is connected to the connecting bracket 18 via a hitch pin 19. The boom 20 is configured by inserting the inner cylinder 20b into the outer cylinder 20a so as to be extendable and contractible.
0b via a mounting plate 21 at the end of
2 is detachably fixed.

Referring to FIG. 1, the excavation unit will be described in detail. The support base 22 includes a vertical frame 24 having a mounting plate 23 joined and fixed to the mounting plate 21, and support members 25, 2 mounted on upper and lower ends of the vertical frame 24.
6, a vertically movable guide column 27, a pair of outriggers 29 provided below the vertical frame 24 by a hydraulic cylinder mechanism 28, and a movable wheel 30. And the hydraulic cylinder mechanism 2
The pair of right and left outriggers 29 is mounted on the ground by extending the base 8, so that the whole of the support base 22 is stably fixed to the ground.

The elevating guide column 27 of the support base 22 is a square pipe material, and a rack 27a is formed on a side surface. An elevating body 35 engages the pinion 32 with the rack 27a on the guide column 27, and a pair of rollers 3
On the opposite side of the pinion 32, the pressing members 3, 34 are provided so as to press and contact the guide columns 27, and move up and down along the guide columns 27. A handle 36 is attached to the pinion 32,
The lifting body 35 is raised or lowered by rotating the pinion 32 with the handle 36, and fixedly held at a predetermined height position by a lock mechanism (not shown).

A hollow cylinder 42 is vertically fixed to the elevating body 35 by a fixing tool 35a so as to stand upright on the ground. Have been combined. The hollow cylinder 42 has a sediment suction passage 41 inside, and the upper end of the passage 41 is connected to the vacuum duct 15. An air passage 43 is formed annularly in the thick portion of the hollow cylinder 42, and an air hose 51 is connected to the air passage 43. Here, the air hose 51 is connected to the exhaust system of the vacuum suction blower 5, and introduces blower exhaust into the air passage 43 as compressed air.

The drilling cylinder 40 has a large diameter drilling head 4 at the lower end.
4 is formed, and the hollow cylinder 42 is
The cylindrical port 44a which communicates with the earth and sand suction passage 41 is formed so as to be widened and opened so that the crushed earth and sand can be sucked and discharged. Further, at the periphery of the lower end of the excavating head 44, for example, four blast ports 45 of compressed air communicating with the air passage 43 are opened downward. And it is constituted so that soil may be crushed by this aerodynamic force.

A hydraulic motor 48 is mounted on a support fitting 47 integral with the elevating body 35, and a gear 49 of a drive shaft 48 a of the hydraulic motor 48 meshes with a gear 50 fixed around the excavation cylinder 40 to excavate. The cylinder 40 is configured to be decelerated and rotated to one or both of the right and left sides. Drilling head 4
For example, four cutting tips 46 are provided on the outer periphery of
The cutting tip 4 is protruded downward out of phase with the cutting tip 4.
In step 6, the soil is dug into a circle to assist the pneumatic soil crushing function.

Next, the square hole digging means will be described.
For example, it has a square cylindrical hole drilling head 60. This square hole drilling head 60 has an upper part formed by the flange 4 of the drilling cylinder 40.
0a is fixedly supported via a bearing 61, and is arranged around the excavation head 44 so as to maintain a stationary state against its rotation. Here, in particular, the corner 60 below the square hole drilling head 60
Since it is necessary to crush the earth and sand of a, a pressure air blowing port 62 is provided at each of the corners 60a at the lower edge of the square hole drilling head 60 as shown in FIG. This fumarole 62
Are combined into one by, for example, an air passage 63 inside the square hole drilling head 60 and communicated with the above-described air hose 51 by an air hose 64. Further, in order to further promote the advance of the square hole excavating head 60, a vibrator 65 for applying vibration is mounted on an upper portion thereof.

Next, the operation of this embodiment will be described. First, at the time of excavation work, the truck 1 travels near the excavation site and stops. Then, the support base 22 is fixed to the ground by grounding, the excavating cylinder 40 is placed upright on the soil to be excavated, and the excavating head 44 and the square excavating head 60 at the lower ends thereof are brought into contact with the soil surface. After the preparation is completed, the vacuum suction blower 5 is operated by the engine 4, and at the same time, the excavation cylinder 40 is rotated by the hydraulic motor 48 to start excavation work.

Then, pressurized air A discharged from the vacuum suction blower 5 is introduced into the air passage 43 through the hose 51, and this pressurized air A is
5 is sprayed at high speed toward soil B. Thus, the high-pressure, high-speed aerodynamic force effectively breaks down the soil which is likely to collapse on the soil surface, and also separates the hard stone soil. At this time, the cutting tip 4 on the outer periphery of the lower end of the excavating head 44
6 acts to cut the soil and move rocks and the like with the rotation of the excavation cylinder 40, so that the above-described collapse of the soil B by the air pressure is further promoted and the soil B is excavated in a substantially circular shape.

On the other hand, in this case, the square hole drilling head 60 disposed around the drilling head 44 is stationary, and the compressed air A is also supplied to the air passage 63 of the square hole drilling head 60.
Is introduced, and the soil B is also discharged from the fumarole 62 at the corner 60a.
High-speed injection toward. Due to this aerodynamic force, the soil B at the four corners around the circular region excavated by the excavation head 44 is crushed. Further, since the square hole drilling head 60 is vibrated by the vibrator 65, the soil B inside the square hole drilling head 60 is crushed along the shape of the square hole drilling head 60 by these synergistic actions, and thus the whole is excavated into a square shape. become.

At the time of excavation, the vacuum suction blower 5
From the communication pipe 8, the filter chamber 6, the sediment collection chamber 7, the vacuum duct 15, the sediment suction passage 41,
It acts strongly on the soil B via the tube opening 44a of the excavation tube 40. For this reason, the earth and sand C in the rectangular area crushed by the excavation head 44 and the square hole excavation head 60 are immediately sucked together by the vacuum suction force F. So the earth and sand C
Are easily floated and sequentially and continuously conveyed from the earth and sand suction passage 41 to the earth and sand collection chamber 7 through the vacuum duct 15,
The soil is automatically discharged into the sediment collection chamber 7.

In the excavating head 44 and the square hole excavating head 60 around the excavating head, the action of crushing the soil surface by the pressurized air and the action of discharging the crushed earth and sand by the vacuum suction force are simultaneously advanced, so that the soil B In accordance with the excavation, the hole is efficiently dug at a predetermined depth in a square shape. Then, with the progress of the digging, the digging cylinder 40 and the square hole digging head 60 together with the hollow cylinder 42 descend in order of their own weight, and advance automatically to dig a deeper hole. Excavation work is performed to form D.

Referring to FIG. 3, an example of using a square hole will be described. (A) is adapted to digging, in which a plurality of square holes D1, D2,... Are continuously digged in a straight line, whereby a narrow and deep groove E is formed in one operation step. Will be excavated. (B) is adapted for digging a large-diameter hole, and a plurality of square holes D1, D2,... Are dug adjacent to each other. Drilled to form

The embodiments of the present invention have been described above. However, in the square hole excavating head, a blowing port may be provided at a portion other than the corner, and a vibrator may be attached as needed. Further, the square hole drilling head may have any square shape other than the square shape.

[0026]

As described above, according to the present invention,
In the pneumatic soil excavator, a square-shaped square hole drilling head is disposed around a drilling head that drills in a circular shape, and is configured to excavate further in a square shape based on a circular shape with a soil breaking function of pressurized air. Therefore, a square hole can be dug efficiently. Also, by this method, it is possible to excavate in the square hole even in the case of an arbitrary square shape, and the method is widely used. Since a square hole drilling head is added to the pneumatic type and work is performed using the same pressure air and vacuum suction force, the structure is very simple and workability is good. Further, the excavation of the square hole allows a groove or a hole having a large diameter to be quickly excavated, and can be widely used for various excavation operations, thereby greatly expanding the usage applications.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a side view showing a partially sectioned embodiment of a pneumatic soil excavator of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a bottom view of the essential part.

FIG. 3 is an explanatory view showing a case where a groove and a large-diameter hole are dug by a plurality of square holes.

FIG. 4 is a side view showing a partial cross section of the entire configuration of the pneumatic soil excavator.

[Explanation of symbols]

 Reference Signs List 5 vacuum suction blower 7 earth and sand collection chamber 40 excavation cylinder 42 hollow cylinder 43 air passage 44 excavation head 44a cylinder mouth 45 fume spout 60 square hole excavation head 62 fume spout

Continuation of front page (56) References JP-A-5-39696 (JP, A) JP-A-5-39695 (JP, A) JP-A-4-327689 (JP, A) JP-A-4-327688 (JP) JP-A-4-327687 (JP, A) JP-A-4-327686 (JP, A) JP-A-4-327768 (JP, A) JP-A-4-327682 (JP, A) (58) Surveyed field (Int.Cl. ⁶ , DB name) E21B 7/18 E21B 7/00

Claims (2)

(57) [Claims] 1. A vacuum suction blower, a sediment collection chamber provided in communication with a suction path of the blower, a hollow cylinder communicated with the sediment collection chamber and supported so as to be able to ascend and descend; A digging tube movably fitted to the digging tube. The digging tube is provided at a lower end with a blast nozzle for jetting high-pressure air to the soil at a high speed to crush the crushed soil, and sucking and discharging the crushed earth and sand by a vacuum suction force. In a pneumatic soil excavator provided with a cylinder opening for soiling, a rectangular cylindrical square hole drilling head is disposed around the drilling head so as to be held in a stationary state, and at least the square hole drilling head is provided. A pneumatic soil excavator characterized by providing a fume port at a corner for injecting pressurized air into soil at a high speed for crushing. 2. The pneumatic soil excavator according to claim 1, wherein the square hole excavating head includes a vibrator.