JPH05156884A - Pneumatic soil excavator - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To excavate a square hole having an optional section in a pneumatic soil excavator which crashes soil by utilizing positive and negative air pressure while ejecting the crashed soil and sand. CONSTITUTION:Soil is crashed circularly by pressurized air and a square hole excavating tubular head 60 having a square section for example is disposed around an excavating head 44 for ejecting automatically the crashed soil and sand with a vacuum suction force so that the head 60 is supported to hold the stationary state. An air outlet 62 for further excavating the soil to form a square hole on the basis of the circular one by jetting similarly the high speed-pressurized air to the soil to be crashed is 18 provided in at least corner parts 60a of the square hole excavating head 60.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a pneumatic soil excavating device for excavating a hole by using pressurized air, a vacuum suction force and a rotating cutting tip, and more particularly to an excavating mechanism capable of excavating a square hole.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, when excavating soil to mechanically excavate vertical holes such as utility poles, it has been known to use rotary excavating means such as drills and augers. If this rotary excavating means is used, the excavation efficiency is good, but the crushed earth and sand must be treated separately, and this labor removal requires a great deal of labor. Further, if there is an underground object such as a gas pipe or a water pipe in the ground, since the rotary excavation force is large, the underground object may be destroyed or damaged.

Therefore, in order to eliminate such a problem of the rotary excavating means, the soil is safely crushed by using pressurized air, and the crushed earth and sand are automatically discharged by a vacuum suction force. By performing both functions at the same time, the excavation work for deep hole digging can be performed efficiently. Further, in the excavation work, the applicant of the present application has already proposed an air-type soil excavation device that uses a rotating cutting tip as an auxiliary to promote the progress of the work while adjusting the shape of the hole.

[0004]

By the way, in the method using the rotary excavating means of the above-mentioned prior art, the shape of the excavated hole is necessarily circular. Also, in the case of the pneumatic type by the applicant of the present invention, since a rotating cutting tip is used, a round hole is formed, and it is impossible to form a square hole such as a square by these means.

Here, in the case of burying various pipes, it is necessary to dig a thin and deep groove. In this case, it is conceivable to use the above-mentioned digging means. Ditching cannot be done in the process. Further, depending on the content of the work, it is also required to dig a hole having a large diameter quickly, and in this case, the square hole is also advantageous. From this, it is desired to excavate with a simple structure so as to surely form an arbitrary square hole.

The present invention has been made in view of this point, and in an air type soil excavating device for crushing soil by using positive and negative air pressure and discharging crushed earth and sand, it is possible to dig a square hole of an arbitrary shape. The purpose is to enable.

[0007]

In order to achieve the above object, the present invention is directed to a vacuum suction blower, a sediment collecting chamber provided in communication with the suction passage of the blower, and an elevating device in communication with the sediment collecting chamber. A hollow cylinder that is movably supported and an excavation cylinder that is rotatably fitted to the hollow cylinder. In the pneumatic soil excavator provided with a mouth and a cylinder mouth for sucking and discharging the crushed earth and sand by a vacuum suction force, a rectangular cylindrical square hole excavating head around the excavating head,
The square hole excavating head is supported and arranged so as to maintain a stationary state, and at least a corner portion of the square hole excavating head is provided with a fumarole for blasting the pressurized air to the soil at a high speed for crushing.

[0008]

Based on the above construction, the soil is crushed into a circular shape by the high-pressure and high-speed aerodynamic force of the gas ejected from the blast hole of the digging head of the rotating digging cylinder, and at the same time, the soil is placed stationary around it, for example, a square corner. Due to the high-pressure and high-speed aerodynamic force from the fumaroles at the corners of the hole excavating head, the four circular corners are further collapsed, and the soil is crushed into a quadrangular shape as a whole. Then, the crushed earth and sand is automatically sucked and discharged by the vacuum suction force that strongly acts on the soil surface. In this way, the rectangular square hole is efficiently excavated, and as the excavation progresses, both excavation heads descend by their own weight in sequence, and the deeper excavation automatically advances to form a square hole with a predetermined depth. Excavation work is performed.

[0009]

Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings. In FIG. 4, the overall configuration of a low floor truck having a driver's seat equipped with a pneumatic soil excavator will be described. Reference numeral 1 is a truck, 2 is a driver's seat, 3 is a chassis, an engine 4 on the chassis 3, a vacuum suction blower 5 driven by the engine 4, and a box-shaped filter chamber installed on the suction path of the blower 5. 6 and a sediment collection room 7 are equipped.

The vacuum suction blower 5 is connected to an exhaust chamber 6a above the filter chamber 6 through a communication pipe 8. The filter chamber 6 is provided with a partition plate 6c so that the upper exhaust chamber 6a
Is divided into the lower suction chamber 6b. A filter bag 9 formed like a plurality of bellows-shaped hoses is suspended in the suction chamber 6b below the partition plate 6c, and the lower end of the filter bag 9 is fixed to a support plate 10, 1
0 is elastically supported by the bottom of the filter chamber 6 via a coil spring 11. Then, the intake airflow in the filter chamber 6 enters the inside of the filter bag 9 through the inlet opening of the support plate 10, passes through the cylindrical wall of the filter bag 9, and flows from the outlet opening of the partition plate 6c to the exhaust chamber 6a, In this process, the fine dust of the sand and sand mixed in the air flow is removed by a filter action, and the bottom portion of the filter chamber 6 is connected to the upper portion of the earth and sand collection chamber 7 via the communication passage 12.

In the earth and sand collecting chamber 7, an inflow port 7a for earth and sand is opened at a high position in the rear part, and a bellows-like vacuum duct 15 is connected to the outside of the inflow port 7a. An obliquely arranged collision plate 13 is installed at a position facing the inflow port 7a in the earth and sand collecting chamber 7 so as to be vertically movable with one end as a fulcrum, and the earth and sand sucked and introduced from the inflow port 7a is collided with the collision plate 13 by the collision plate 13. When it collides with the soil, the earth and sand having a large specific gravity fall into the lower collection chamber 7 and are collected, and the light air flow bypasses the collision plate 13 and the communication passage 12
It is configured to flow into the bottom portion of the filter chamber 6 via the. A door 14 that is opened and closed is provided at the bottom of the sediment collection chamber 7.
By opening this door 14, the collected sand at the bottom can be discharged to the outside.

At the rear part of the chassis 3 of the truck 1, a connecting bracket 18 having a U-shaped cross section is provided extending in the left-right direction, and a boom 20 extending in the front-rear direction is connected to the connecting bracket 18 via a hitch pin 19. The boom 20 is configured by inserting the inner cylinder 20b into the outer cylinder 20a such that the inner cylinder 20b can expand and contract.
Support base 2 of the excavation section via the mounting plate 21 at the end of 0b.
2 is detachably fixed.

The excavation section will be described in detail with reference to FIG. The support frame 22 includes a vertical frame 24 having a mounting plate 23 that is bonded and fixed to the mounting plate 21, and support members 25, 2 mounted on the upper and lower ends of the vertical frame 24.
The vertical guide 24 has an elevating guide column 27, a pair of outriggers 29 provided vertically below the vertical frame 24 by a hydraulic cylinder mechanism 28, and moving wheels 30. Then, the hydraulic cylinder mechanism 2
By extending 8 and placing a pair of left and right outriggers 29 on the ground, the entire support frame 22 is stably grounded and fixed.

The lifting guide column 27 of the support frame 22 is a square pipe material and has a rack 27a formed on its side surface. Further, an elevating body 35 is engaged with the guide column 27, and the pinion 32 of the elevating body 35 is engaged with the rack 27a so that the pair of rollers 3
3 and 34 are provided so as to be in pressure contact with the guide column 27 on the side opposite to the pinion 32 and move up and down along the guide column 27. A handle 36 is attached to the pinion 32,
By rotating the pinion 32 with the handle 36, the elevating body 35 is raised or lowered, and is fixedly held at a predetermined height position by a lock mechanism (not shown).

A hollow cylinder 42 is vertically fixed to the elevating body 35 by a fixture 35a so as to stand upright on the ground, and the excavation cylinder 40 is rotatably fitted to the outside of the hollow cylinder 42 so as not to come off in the axial direction. Have been combined. The hollow cylinder 42 has a sediment suction passage 41 inside, and the upper end of the passage 41 is connected to the vacuum duct 15. An air passage 43 is formed in an annular shape in the thick portion of the hollow cylinder 42, and an air hose 51 is connected to the air passage 43. Here, the air hose 51 is connected to the exhaust system of the vacuum suction blower 5, and the blower exhaust is introduced into the air passage 43 as pressure air.

The digging cylinder 40 has a large diameter digging head 4 at its lower end.
4 is formed, and a hollow cylinder 42 is formed inside the drilling head 44.
The cylindrical mouth 44a communicating with the earth and sand suction passage 41 is formed so as to be widened and opened, and the crushed earth and sand can be sucked and discharged. Further, at the peripheral edge of the lower end of the excavation head 44, for example, four pressure air jets 45 communicating with the air passage 43 are opened downward, and the jets 45 pressurize the pressurized air to the soil at high speed to inject it. Then, the aerodynamic force is used to crush the soil.

A hydraulic motor 48 is mounted on a support metal fitting 47 integral with the lifting body 35, and a gear 49 of a drive shaft 48a of the hydraulic motor 48 meshes with a gear 50 fixed around the excavating cylinder 40 to excavate. The cylinder 40 is configured to rotate while decelerating to the left or right or both. Also, the drilling head 4
For example, four cutting tips 46 are provided on the outer periphery of
This cutting tip 4 is projected downwards out of phase with 5
The soil is dug into a circle at 6 to assist the pneumatic soil crushing function.

Next, the square hole digging means will be described.
For example, it has a square tubular square hole drilling head 60. The square hole drilling head 60 has an upper portion for the flange 4 of the drilling cylinder 40.
0a is fixedly supported via a bearing 61, and is disposed around the drilling head 44 so as to maintain a stationary state with respect to its rotation. Here, in particular, the corner portion 60 below the square hole drilling head 60.
Since it is necessary to crush the soil of a, as shown in FIG. 2, the air holes 62 for pressurized air are provided at the corners 60a at the lower edge of the square hole drilling head 60, respectively. This fumarole 62
Are combined into one by an air passage 63 inside the square hole drilling head 60 and communicated with the above-mentioned air hose 51 by an air hose 64. Further, in order to further accelerate the movement of the square hole excavating head 60, a vibrator 65 which gives vibration is attached to the upper portion thereof.

Next, the operation of this embodiment will be described. First, during excavation work, the truck 1 is run near the excavation site and stopped. Then, the support base 22 is grounded and fixed to the ground, the excavating cylinder 40 is vertically arranged right above the soil to be excavated, and the excavating head 44 and the square hole excavating head 60 at the lower ends thereof are brought into contact with the soil surface. After this preparation is completed, the vacuum suction blower 5 is operated by the engine 4, and at the same time, the excavation cylinder 40 is rotated by the hydraulic motor 48 to start excavation work.

Then, the pressure air A generated by the exhaust from the vacuum suction blower 5 is introduced into the air passage 43 through the hose 51, and the pressure air A is blown by the excavation head 44 at the gas ejection port 4
It is jetted from 5 to the soil B at high speed. Therefore, the high-pressure and high-speed aerodynamic force effectively breaks down the soil that easily breaks on the soil surface, and along with this, hard stone soil is also separated. At this time, the cutting tip 4 on the outer periphery of the lower end of the drilling head 44
6 acts to cut the soil and move rocks and the like with the rotation of the excavating cylinder 40, so that the above-mentioned collapse of the soil B by the air pressure is further promoted and the excavation is performed in a substantially circular shape.

On the other hand, in this case, the square hole excavating head 60 disposed around the excavating head 44 is stationary, and the pressure air A is also provided in the air passage 63 of the square hole excavating head 60.
Is introduced into the soil B from the fumarole 62 of the corner 60a.
Is injected at high speed. Therefore, due to this aerodynamic force, the soil B at the four corners around the circular region excavated by the excavation head 44 is broken down. Further, since the square hole excavating head 60 is vibrated by the vibrator 65, the synergistic effect of these causes the soil B in the square hole excavating head 60 to be crushed along the shape of the square hole excavating head 60, thus excavating into a square shape as a whole. become.

Further, at the time of excavation described above, a blower 5 for vacuum suction is used.
The vacuum suction force F from the communication pipe 8, the filter chamber 6, the sediment collection chamber 7, the vacuum duct 15, the sediment suction passage 41,
It strongly acts on the soil B through the cylinder port 44a of the excavation cylinder 40. Therefore, the soil C in the rectangular area crushed by the excavation head 44 and the square hole excavation head 60 is immediately sucked together by the vacuum suction force F. So the earth and sand C
Is easily floated and sequentially conveyed from the sediment suction passage 41 to the sediment collection chamber 7 through the vacuum duct 15,
Earth is automatically discharged into the earth and sand collection chamber 7.

In this way, in the excavating head 44 and the surrounding square hole excavating head 60, the action of pushing the soil surface by the pressure air and the action of discharging the crushed earth and sand by the vacuum suction force simultaneously proceed, so that the soil B According to the excavation, the rectangular shape is efficiently drilled at predetermined depths. Then, along with the progress of the digging, the hollow cylinder 42, the excavating cylinder 40, and the square hole excavating head 60 sequentially descend by their own weight, and automatically proceed to further deepen the hole, whereby a square hole having a predetermined depth is formed. Excavation work is performed to form D.

An example of using the square hole will be described with reference to FIG. (A) is adapted to trench digging, and a plurality of square holes D1, D2, ... Are dug continuously in a straight line, whereby a narrow and deep trench E is formed in one working process. To be drilled. (B) is adapted for digging a hole with a large diameter, and digs a plurality of square holes D1, D2, ... Adjacent to each other, which similarly makes a hole G with a large diameter in one working process. Are drilled to form.

The embodiment of the present invention has been described above. However, in the square hole excavating head, a fumarole may be provided in a portion other than the corner portion, and a vibrator may be attached if necessary. Further, the square hole drilling head may have any square shape other than the square shape.

[0026]

As described above, according to the present invention,
In the pneumatic soil excavator, a rectangular square hole excavating head is arranged around the circular excavating head, and it is configured to excavate further into a square shape based on the circular shape by the soil crushing function of the pressure air. Therefore, it is possible to efficiently dig a square hole. Further, according to this method, even in the case of an arbitrary square shape, it is possible to excavate in the square hole, which is versatile. Since the structure is such that the square hole drilling head is added to the pneumatic type and the same pressure air and vacuum suction force are used, the structure is very simple and the workability is good. Further, by excavating a square hole, a groove or a hole having a large diameter can be dug quickly, and it can be widely used for various excavation work, and the usage is significantly expanded.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a side view showing a partial cross-section of an embodiment of a pneumatic soil excavation device of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a bottom view of the main part.

FIG. 3 is an explanatory diagram showing a case where a groove and a large-diameter hole are dug by a plurality of square holes.

FIG. 4 is a side view showing a partial cross-section of the entire structure of the pneumatic soil excavation device.

[Explanation of symbols]

 5 Vacuum Suction Blower 7 Sediment Collection Chamber 40 Excavation Cylinder 42 Hollow Cylinder 43 Air Passage 44 Excavation Head 44a Cylinder 45 Fume Vent 60 Square Hole Drilling Head 62 Fumarate

Claims (2)

[Claims] 1. A vacuum suction blower, a sediment collection chamber provided in communication with the suction passage of the blower, a hollow cylinder communicating with the sediment collection chamber so as to be lifted and lowered, and a hollow cylinder A digging cylinder that is movably fitted to the digging cylinder.The digging cylinder at the lower end of the digging cylinder ejects compressed air at high speed to crush the soil and crushes the crushed earth and sand with a vacuum suction force. In a pneumatic soil excavation device provided with a cylinder mouth for soiling, a rectangular cylindrical square hole excavating head is disposed around the excavating head so as to be held stationary, and at least the square hole excavating head is provided. An air-type soil excavating device, which is provided with a fumarole for spraying pressurized air into the soil at high speed to crush the soil. 2. The pneumatic soil excavating device according to claim 1, wherein the square hole excavating head includes a vibrator.