JP2925801B2 - Drilling cylinder rotating device of pneumatic soil drilling rig - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a pneumatic soil excavator for crushing soil by pressurized air and discharging the crushed soil by vacuum suction, wherein a drilling cylinder is automatically rotated using pressurized air. The present invention relates to a pneumatic drilling cylinder rotating device.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art In recent years, a soil excavator has been considered which digs a local hole for burying an underground conduit in the soil or erecting a utility pole or the like with mechanical efficiency. This type of excavation work is often performed in places where many people are home and gas pipes, water pipes, etc. are already buried, and as a soil digging equipment, there is a danger of destroying buried objects in the soil. Employ a few methods. In addition, there is a demand for low noise during excavation and easy removal of excavated earth and sand. Excavation methods using air pressure have been considered in order to satisfy such requirements.

Conventionally, a vacuum excavator disclosed in the prior art of Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 58-222228 has been known as an excavator using the air pressure. This vacuum excavator is provided with a suction port for earth and sand at the tip of a vacuum hose connected to a suction blower, and an operator presses the suction port of the hose against the soil surface of the excavation site, and in this state, the blower is blown. It excavates by sucking up the earth and sand by the suction force of.

[0004]

However, the above-mentioned prior art has a function of crushing soil because it is a system in which the ground is excavated and sucked up using vacuum suction to suck up the earth and sand. Absent. For this reason, in the case of excavation of ordinary compacted soil, it is necessary for an operator to previously crush the soil with a drill rod or an excavator so that the soil can be sucked and discharged. Such a work of crushing the soil requires a great deal of labor and time, so that the workability is extremely poor, and there is a problem that the function of the vacuum excavator itself for sucking and discharging the soil cannot be sufficiently improved.

Therefore, the present inventors have already proposed a pneumatic soil excavator in which a function of crushing soil, particularly a device utilizing high-pressure aerodynamic force as the crushing function is combined with the function of the suction and discharge. According to this, it is preferable that both operation systems are shared, and it is expected that excavation work can be efficiently performed by continuous operation of pressure crushing and suction discharging. In such a pneumatic excavation method, the digging proceeds according to the crushing of the soil by the pressurized air, and the crushing of the soil directly affects the digging efficiency. Therefore, in order to improve the excavation efficiency, it is desired that the excavation cylinder be rotated so as to be effectively crushed, and the cutting tip at the tip be used to promote the crushing of the soil.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention has been made in view of the above point, and is directed to a pneumatic soil excavator for crushing soil using positive and negative air pressures and discharging crushed earth and sand. It is an object of the present invention to improve excavation efficiency by automatically and effectively rotating by using pressurized air during excavation work.

[0007]

To achieve the above object, the present invention provides a vacuum suction blower, a sediment collection chamber provided in communication with a suction path of the blower, and a vacuum duct provided in the sediment collection chamber. Having a hollow cylindrical excavation tube that is communicated through, the excavation tube has a drilling head at the lower end,
At the periphery of this excavation head, a plurality of blast ports are provided, which are opened with a plurality of blast ports that pressurize and inject compressed air into the soil at a high speed and crush the soil by this aerodynamic force, and communicate with the vacuum duct through a sediment suction passage. A large-diameter cylindrical opening for sucking and discharging crushed earth and sand by vacuum suction force is provided with an opening,
Further, in the pneumatic soil excavator in which the cutting tip is fixed to the outer periphery, the blast nozzle in the excavation head of the excavation cylinder,
It is formed so as to be inclined in the circumferential direction so as to generate a rotational force according to the softness of the soil.

[0008]

According to the above construction, in the excavating head of the excavating cylinder, the high pressure, high-speed aerodynamic force erupting from the fumaroles breaks the soil surface, and the crushed sediment by the vacuum suction force acting strongly on the soil surface at the cylinder mouth. And the soil is evacuated efficiently according to the crushed state of the soil. And
As the digging progresses, the digging cylinder automatically descends further as the digging cylinder descends by its own weight, and digging work is performed so that a hole having a predetermined depth is formed. In addition, in this excavation work, the excavation cylinder is automatically rotated at low speed as the soil becomes softer due to the reaction force of high-pressure, high-speed air. Go,
Soft earth and sand that is easy to collapse is actively crushed. In addition, the rotation of the excavating cylinder causes the cutting tip to further cut the soil and move rocks and the like, and this action promotes the breaking of the soil by the pressurized air, thereby improving the excavation efficiency. Is improved.

[0009]

Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings. Referring to FIG. 2, the overall configuration of a mode in which a low-floor type truck having a driver's seat is equipped with a pneumatic soil excavator will be described. Reference numeral 1 denotes a truck, 2 denotes a driver's seat, 3 denotes a chassis, an engine 4 on the chassis 3, a vacuum suction blower 5 driven by the engine 4, and a box-shaped filter chamber installed on a suction path of the blower 5. 6 and a sediment collection room 7 are provided.

The vacuum suction blower 5 is connected to an exhaust chamber 6 a above the filter chamber 6 via a communication pipe 8. The filter chamber 6 is separated from the upper exhaust chamber 6 by a partition plate 6c.
a and a lower suction chamber 6b. A filter bag 9 formed like a plurality of bellows-like hoses is suspended from the partition plate 6c in the lower suction chamber 6b, and the lower end of the filter bag 9 is fixed to the support plate 10, Numeral 10 is elastically supported on the bottom of the filter chamber 6 via a coil spring 11. Then, the suction airflow in the filter chamber 6 enters the inside of the filter bag 9 from the inlet opening of the support plate 10, passes through the cylindrical wall of the filter bag 9, and flows from the outlet opening of the partition plate 6 c to the exhaust chamber 6 a, In this process, fine dust of the earth and sand mixed into the airflow is configured to be removed by a filter action, and the bottom of the filter chamber 6 is communicated with the upper part of the earth and sand collection chamber 7 through the communication passage 12.

The earth and sand collection chamber 7 has an inlet 7a for earth and sand which is opened at a high position at the rear, and a bellows-shaped vacuum duct 15 is connected to the outside of the inlet 7a. At a position facing the inflow port 7a inside the sediment collection chamber 7, an obliquely arranged collision plate 13 is installed so as to be vertically movable with one end serving as a fulcrum, and sediment sucked in from the inflow port 7a is supplied to the collision plate 13 , The heavy sand falls into the lower collection chamber 7 and accumulates, and the light air flow bypasses the collision plate 13 and communicates with the communication passage 12.
Through the filter chamber 6. The bottom of the sediment collection chamber 7 has a door 14 that can be opened and closed.
When the door 14 is opened, the collected sediment at the bottom can be discharged to the outside.

At the rear of the undercarriage 3 of the truck 1, there is provided a connecting bracket 18 extending in the left-right direction and having a U-shaped cross section, and a boom 20 extending in the front-rear direction is connected to the connecting bracket 18 via a hitch pin 19. The boom 20 is configured by elastically inserting the inner cylinder 20b into the outer cylinder 20a so as to extend and contract, and a support base 22 of a digging portion is detachably fixed to an end of the inner cylinder 20b via a mounting plate 21. .

Referring to FIG. 3, the excavation unit will be described in detail. The support pedestal 22 includes a vertical frame 24 having a mounting plate 23 joined and fixed to the mounting plate 21, support members 25 mounted on upper and lower ends of the vertical frame 24,
An elevating guide column 27 vertically erected by 26, a pair of outriggers 29 provided below the vertical frame 24 by a hydraulic cylinder mechanism 28 so as to be able to expand and contract vertically, and a moving wheel 30. Then, by extending the hydraulic cylinder mechanism 28 and placing the pair of left and right outriggers 29 on the ground, the entire support base 22 is stably fixed to the ground.

The elevating guide column 27 of the support base 22 is a square pipe material, and a rack 27a is formed on a side surface. An elevating body 35 engages the pinion 32 with the rack 27a on the guide column 27, and a pair of rollers 3
On the opposite side of the pinion 32, the pressing members 3, 34 are provided so as to press and contact the guide columns 27, and move up and down along the guide columns 27. A handle 36 is attached to the pinion 32,
The elevating body is raised and lowered by rotating the pinion 32 by the handle 36, and is fixedly held at a predetermined height position by a lock mechanism (not shown).

A hollow cylinder 42 is vertically fixed to the elevating body 35 via a fixture 35a so as to stand upright on the ground. Mated as possible. The hollow cylinder 42 has a sediment suction passage 41 inside, and the upper end of the passage 41 is connected to the vacuum duct 15. An air passage 43 is formed annularly in the thick portion of the hollow cylinder 42, and an air hose 51 is connected to the air passage 43. Here, the air hose 51 is connected to the exhaust system of the vacuum suction blower 5, and introduces blower exhaust into the air passage 43 as compressed air.

The excavating cylinder 40 has a large-diameter excavating head 40a formed at the lower end, and a cylindrical opening 44 communicating with the sediment suction passage 41 of the hollow cylinder 42 is formed in the inside of the excavating head 40a so as to expand and open. The crushed earth and sand can be discharged by suction. Further, on the periphery of the lower end of the excavation head 40a, for example, four pressure air blasts 45 communicating with the air passage 43 are opened downward, and
And pressurized air is injected into the soil at a high speed, and the soil is crushed by this air force. On the outer periphery of the excavation head 40a, for example, four cutting tips 46 are provided.
The excavation tube 4 is projected downwardly out of phase with the
With the rotation of 0, the soil is dug circularly with the cutting tip 46 to assist the pneumatic crushing and earth discharging functions.

Referring to FIG. 1, the four blast ports 45 provided on the periphery of the excavating head 40a will be further described.
The blowout port 45 is formed to be inclined in the axial direction from a connection portion with the annular passage 43a formed in the upper part of the excavation head 40a. In this case, each of the four fumaroles 45 is inclined at a relatively large angle to one of the circumferential directions of the digging head 40a, and the digging cylinder 40 is automatically turned by a reaction force when blasting the pressurized air used for crushing the soil. It is configured to be able to rotate.

Next, the operation of this embodiment will be described. First, at the time of excavation work, the truck travels near the excavation place and stops. Then, the support base 22 is fixed to the ground on the ground, the excavating cylinder 40 is placed upright on the soil to be excavated, and the excavating head 40a at the lower end thereof is brought into contact with the soil surface. After the completion of this work set, the vacuum suction blower 5 is operated by the engine. Then, the vacuum suction blower 5
Vacuum suction force acts on the pipe opening 44 of the excavating cylinder 40 through the communication pipe 8, the filter chamber 6, the earth and sand collection chamber 7, the vacuum duct 15, and the earth and sand suction passage 41. At this time, the excavation head 40a is immersed in the excavated hole to produce a high sealing effect, whereby the vacuum suction force acts strongly on the soil at the cylinder port 44.

On the other hand, at the same time, pressurized air generated by exhaust from the vacuum suction blower 5 is introduced into the air passage 43 through the hose 51. Injected in. The high-pressure, high-speed aerodynamic force effectively breaks down the soil that is likely to collapse on the soil surface, and separates and crushes hard stone soil.

At this time, the high-pressure, high-speed air is supplied to the excavating head 40a by the four squirt nozzles 45 formed obliquely.
Is injected toward the hard soil in the circumferential direction of the excavation head, so that a turning force is generated in the excavation head 40a by the reaction force of the air injection. Then, the excavation cylinder 40 is automatically rotated to one side as shown by an arrow A in FIG. 1, and accordingly, the position of the air jet from the blow port 45 moves on the circumference. In this case, when the air from the blowing port 45 hits the soft earth and sand, the rotational force is reduced and crushing is prioritized. When the air hits the hard stone soil, the rotational force is increased and the air moves quickly to the adjacent soft earth and crushed. As a result, soft earth and sand which is easy to break down is actively broken down. Also,
By the rotation of the excavating cylinder 40, the cutting tip 46 on the outer periphery of the lower end of the excavating head 40a acts to further cut the soil and move rocks and the like. Crushing of the soil is promoted.

The crushed earth and sand having a small particle diameter and the stone soil having a large particle diameter are easily floated and sucked at the cylinder port 44 by a vacuum suction force acting strongly on the soil. Then, the crushed earth and sand is smoothly sucked and transferred from the earth and sand suction passage 41 to the earth and sand collection chamber 7 through the vacuum duct 15, and is collected and discharged therein.

In this way, in the excavating head 40a, the action of crushing the soil surface by the pressurized air and the action of discharging the crushed earth and sand by the vacuum suction force proceed at the same time, so that a predetermined depth is obtained according to the crushing state of the soil. The digging will be done very efficiently one by one. Then, as the digging progresses, the digging cylinder 40 sequentially descends by its own weight, and automatically proceeds to dig deeper, whereby the digging cylinder 40 penetrates deeply into the soil and has a predetermined depth. Excavation work is performed to form a hole.

Although the embodiment of the present invention has been described above, the number of the blowout ports, the inclined shape, and the like are not limited thereto.

[0024]

As described above, according to the present invention,
In a pneumatic soil excavator that crushes soil using positive and negative air pressure and discharges crushed soil, the drilling cylinder is configured to rotate by the reaction force of the pressure air that crushes the soil. The drilling cylinder can be automatically rotated by adjusting the speed according to the hard state. For this reason, especially in the case of hard stone soil, the soft soil which is easily broken is crushed positively, and excavation work is promoted. In addition, the rotation of the excavation cylinder causes the cutting of the soil by the cutting tip and the like to act in an overlapping manner, thereby promoting soil crushing. Therefore, the efficiency of the excavation work is greatly improved by these actions. The drilling cylinder is rotated using the pressure air of the soil crushing, so a dedicated power source is not required. Become.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a perspective view showing a main part of an embodiment of a drilling cylinder rotating device of a pneumatic soil drilling device according to the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a side view showing the overall configuration of the pneumatic soil excavator.

FIG. 3 is an enlarged side view showing a part of the excavation part.

[Explanation of symbols]

 5 Blower for vacuum suction 7 Sediment collection chamber 15 Vacuum duct 40 Drilling cylinder 40a Drilling head 41 Sediment suction passage 44 Tube mouth 45 Fumarole 46 Cutting tip

Continuation of the front page (58) Field surveyed (Int. Cl. ⁶ , DB name) E21B 7/18 E21B 7/00 E21B 10/60

Claims (1)

(57) [Claims] 1. A vacuum suction blower, a sediment collection chamber provided in communication with a suction path of the blower, and a hollow cylindrical excavation tube communicated with the sediment collection chamber via a vacuum duct. , This drilling tube has a drilling head at the lower end,
At the periphery of this excavation head, a plurality of blast ports are provided, which are opened with a plurality of blast ports that pressurize and inject compressed air into the soil at a high speed and crush the soil by this aerodynamic force, and communicate with the vacuum duct through a sediment suction passage. A large-diameter cylindrical opening for sucking and discharging crushed earth and sand by vacuum suction force is provided with an opening,
Further, in the pneumatic soil excavator in which the cutting tip is fixed to the outer periphery, the blast nozzle in the excavation head of the excavation cylinder,
An excavating cylinder rotating device for a pneumatic soil excavating device, wherein the excavating cylinder rotating device is formed so as to be inclined in a circumferential direction so as to generate a rotating force according to the hardness of the soil.