JP2925784B2 - Soil rig - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a digging device for digging earth and sand from a soil surface, and more particularly to a device for crushing the soil surface with compressed air while sucking the crushed earth and sand by vacuum suction. The present invention relates to an excavating device for soil to be sucked and discharged.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art When excavating soil under a road or the like, usually,
Since the pipes, such as gas pipes, water pipes, and cable insertion pipes, are buried in the soil, the bucket is put in the soil using mechanical force like a generally known excavator type excavator. In the excavator of the type that penetrates into the ground, there are inconveniences such as that the bucket that penetrates into the soil at the time of excavation crushes the buried object and damages it, or digs up and destroys the buried object.

For this reason, when excavating a soil surface where a buried object exists in the soil, conventionally, for example, Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 58-2222
The vacuum excavator shown in the prior art described in Japanese Patent Publication No. 28-28 is used. This vacuum excavator is provided with a suction port for earth and sand at the end of a vacuum hose connected to a suction blower, and an operator places the suction port of the hose against the surface of the soil to be excavated. Excavation is performed by sucking up the earth and sand by the suction force from the blower, and according to such a vacuum excavator, the excavation is progressed by using the vacuum suction force to suck up the earth and sand. There is no problem such as damage or destruction of the buried object.

[0004]

Incidentally, the conventionally known vacuum excavator has only a function of sucking up earth and sand by a vacuum suction force from a blower, and has a function of crushing a soil surface to be excavated. As there were no excavations, there were the following inconveniences in excavation work. That is, for example, when a conventional vacuum excavator is used to excavate pipes laid in soil under a road or the like so that the repaired portion is exposed to the ground at the time of pipeline repair, the soil at the excavated location is required. It is necessary for the operator to break the surface in advance with a separately prepared drilling rod or the like so that the soil can be suctioned and discharged in advance.

[0005] For this reason, there is an inconvenience in connecting the work process of excavating the soil surface in advance by requiring another worker for the excavation work. In addition, the excavation work of the soil surface requires a manual operation. In addition to the heavy labor involved, the ability to break the soil by human power is limited in terms of capacity and requires a lot of time. For this reason, when digging the soil surface under the road during the above-mentioned pipeline repair work, the digging work requires a lot of labor and time, and the workability is extremely poor. It was a big neck above.

[0006] In view of the above problems, the present invention presupposes a vacuum excavation method that does not damage or destroy an embedded object,
It is an object of the present invention to provide a soil excavation device that has a function of crushing a soil surface and a function of sucking and discharging soil and soil to simultaneously perform excavation work.

[0007]

In order to achieve this object, the present invention provides a vacuum suction blower, a sediment collection chamber provided in communication with a suction path of the blower, and a vacuum duct provided in the sediment collection chamber. Having a hollow cylindrical excavating tube that is communicated with the excavating tube, the excavating tube supports the hollow axis vertically up and down with the hollow axis standing upright on the soil surface, and extends circumferentially around the hollow axis. A rotating means, and a vacuum drilling port at a lower end portion of the vacuum at a circumferential portion of the drilling port.
Installed outside the space communicating with the duct
And a blowout port for blowing the compressed air toward the soil surface in communication with the blast source.

Further, the present invention is characterized in that the excavation tube opening at the lower end of the excavation tube is formed to have a diameter larger than the diameter of the hollow tube of the excavation tube. It is characterized in that the excavation tube opening is configured to be rotated eccentrically with respect to the hollow axis.

[0009]

According to the drilling device constructed as described above, a hollow excavation tube that is erected on the soil surface passes through a peripheral portion of the excavation tube opening formed at the lower end of the excavation tube. Pressurized air is blown toward the soil surface in the enclosed plot area,
The air pressure causes the soil surface to break down. Pressure
Ki is located outside the space communicating with the vacuum duct.
In other words, in the same direction as the above space,
Pressure air in the vacuum duct as it is
And the suction force in the vacuum duct is reduced.
Suction of the crushed earth and sand can be performed without having to do so. Moreover,
The pressurized air is connected to the vacuum duct around the
It is evacuated at the lower end of the space through which
Excerpt from the outside to the inside of the space communicating with the project
It will be able to take in earth and sand. Furthermore, the above space
The pressure air that was blown out
Fumes because the ki can enter the space as it is
Of the compressed air to be blown and the suction rise acting in the space
Make sure that the intake airflow and the airflow balance
Suction of fragmented earth and sand without reducing the suction power
Elimination can be done. For this reason, there is no reduction in the suction force described above.
Together with that, while crushing the soil around the space,
Efficiency while keeping the excavated earth and sand from scattering outside the space
Can be sucked into the space. At this time, the excavation tube is rotated in the circumferential direction around the hollow axis, so that the above-described action of breaking the soil surface by air pressure extends over the entire soil surface surrounded by the excavation tube opening. , The soil surface of the divided area corresponding to the entire area is air crushed, and the crushed earth and sand is sucked up by a negative pressure suction force acting through the hollow cylinder of the excavation cylinder, and the upper end of the excavation cylinder It is sucked and discharged into the sediment collection chamber through the vacuum duct. As a result, the crushing action of the soil due to the air pressure and the suction-discharging action of the crushed earth and sand are simultaneously progressed through the excavation tube upright on the soil surface. Soil excavation is performed so as to penetrate deeply to form a hole or groove of a required depth.

[0010] In this case, when the diameter of the excavation tube opening at the lower end portion of the excavation tube is formed to be large, the required negative pressure suction force is generated in the inside of the excavation tube cylinder (soil suction passage). With the state of being formed to a possible small diameter, the excavation area surrounded by the tube opening at the lower end portion is enlarged corresponding to the large-diameter tube opening, and the work efficiency of the excavation operation performed through the tube is improved. . At the same time, during the excavation work, the excavation cylinder that penetrates into the soil surface only comes into contact with the inner surface of the excavation hole in the soil because only the peripheral wall portion at the excavation cylinder mouth at the lower end is limited. The area is reduced, and the rotational resistance of the excavator is reduced, so that the excavator can easily enter the soil surface.

Further, when the above-mentioned excavation tube opening is eccentrically rotated with respect to the hollow axis, the excavation area is enlarged by the large-diameter excavation tube opening and further enlarged by the eccentric rotation. The work efficiency of the soil excavation progressed through is further improved.

[0012]

Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings. In FIG. 1, reference numeral 1 denotes a low-floor type truck serving as a main body of a vacuum excavator, which is equipped with a driver's seat 2 at the front, and an engine 4 and an engine 4 on a chassis 3 of the truck 1.
A vacuum suction blower 5 driven by the air blower, a box-shaped filter chamber 6 installed on the suction path of the blower 5, and a sediment collection chamber 7 communicated with the blower. It is more known.

The vacuum suction blower 5 is connected to a filter chamber 6 through a communication pipe 8 connected to the suction passage. The filter chamber 6 has an exhaust chamber 6a at the upper part thereof and a suction chamber 6b at the lower part thereof vertically divided by a partition plate 6c, and the communication pipe 8 communicates with the exhaust chamber 6a partitioned at the upper part. A plurality of bellows-shaped filter bags 9 hanging from the lower suction chamber 6b are suspended from the partition plate 6c. The support plate 10 is connected and fixed, and is elastically supported on the bottom wall surface of the filter chamber 6 via a tension coil spring 11. Then, the suction airflow in the filter chamber 6 enters the filter bag 9 through the opening provided in the support plate 10 as shown by the arrow, passes through the cylindrical wall of the filter bag 9, and is provided in the upper partition plate 6c at the outlet opening. In the process of flowing into the upper exhaust chamber 6a, fine dust of the earth and sand mixed into the airflow is removed by a filter action, and the bottom of the filter chamber 6 is connected to the earth and sand collection chamber 7 through the communication passage 12. Is communicated with the upper part.

The earth and sand collection chamber 7 is provided with an earth and sand inlet 7a at a high position on the rear wall thereof, and a flexible vacuum duct 15 is connected to the inlet 7a. Sediment flow inlet 7
a collision plate 1 disposed obliquely in the collection chamber 7 facing
3 is elastically pivoted so as to be vertically movable with one end thereof as a fulcrum, and the specific gravity is large due to the impact of the earth and sand sucked in from the earth and sand inlet 7a via the vacuum duct 15 against the collision plate 13. The earth and sand falls downward and accumulates at the bottom of the collection chamber 7, and the light air flow bypasses the upper part of the collection chamber 7 and flows from the communication passage 12 to the bottom of the filter chamber 6. The bottom of the sediment collection chamber 7 is provided with a door 14 that can be opened and closed so that the collected sediment collected at the bottom can be discharged to the outside by opening the door.

In the present invention, a connecting bracket 1 having a U-shaped cross section extending in the left-right direction is provided at a rear portion of the chassis 3 of the truck 1.
A boom 20 extending in the front-rear direction is connected to the connection fitting 18 via a hitch pin 19. The boom 20 is attached to the inner cylinder 2 so that it can expand and contract.
0b is inserted so as to be able to advance and retreat, and a mounting plate 21 is fixed to an end of the inner cylinder 20b.
A support base 22 of the excavator is detachably fixed to an end of the drum 20.

The support frame 22 has a vertical frame 2 provided with a mounting plate 23 which is joined and fixed to the mounting plate 21.
4, a vertical guide column 27 vertically erected through support members 25 and 26 attached to the upper and lower ends of the vertical frame 24, and a hydraulic cylinder mechanism 28 below the vertical frame 24. It has a pair of left and right outriggers 29 capable of extending and contracting vertically, and a moving wheel 30. The support gantry is formed by extending the hydraulic cylinder mechanism 28 and bringing the pair of left and right outriggers 29 into contact with the soil surface. 22 can be fixed to the ground surface on the ground.

FIG. 2 is a sectional view showing a first embodiment of the excavating apparatus according to the present invention. The elevating guide column 27 provided on the support base 22 has a rack 27a formed on one side surface of a column made of a square pipe material. An elevating body 35 that moves up and down along the guide column 27 is mounted on the rack 2.
The pinion 32 is meshed with the pinion 7a and a pair of rollers 33 and 34 provided opposite to the pinion 32. The pinion 27 is supported so as to sandwich the column 27 and to move up and down. The shaft of the pinion 32 is provided with a handle 36 for raising and lowering at a shaft end thereof.
Can be moved up and down along the guide column 27, and although not shown, the elevating body 35 is provided with a lock mechanism for restricting the rotation of the pinion 32, and the elevating body 35 is fixed at an appropriate position at the elevating position. I can do it.

The elevating body 35 has a hollow cylinder 42 inserted through the excavating cylinder 40 through a fixture 35a provided on the elevating body 35.
However, it is fixed vertically so that the axis of the cylindrical body stands upright on the soil surface. The hollow cylinder 42 includes an inner wall 42a and an outer wall 42b.
An annular air passage 43 is formed between the two walls 42a and 42b, and the inside of the cylinder of the inner wall 42a is a hollow earth and sand suction passage extending up and down. The tip of is connected.

An excavating cylinder 40 is rotatably fitted to the outer side of the hollow cylinder 42. The excavating cylinder 40 is prevented from coming off in the axial direction of the hollow cylinder 42, and a lower end thereof has a cylinder. A large-diameter excavation tube opening 40a having a large diameter is formed. The excavation tube opening 40a is provided with the excavation tube 40 as described above.
When the diameter is larger than the outside diameter of the excavation tube 40, the excavation area of the excavation tube 40 is increased, and the contact area between the side wall of the excavation tube 40 and the soil during excavation is reduced.
This is preferable because the rotation of “a” becomes easy, and the drawing after the excavation becomes easy. This excavation tube opening 40a is connected to A in FIG.
As shown in FIG.
Are opened downward at four locations in the circumferential direction, and a cutting tip 46 serving as a disturbing blade having a required width is provided at the outer peripheral edge of the lower end of the excavation tube opening 40a in a phase shifted from the above-described blowing port 45. It is fixed to four locations in the circumferential direction so as to protrude downward. The above-mentioned fumarole 45
Inner wall 42 of hollow cylinder 42 communicating with vacuum duct 15
a Located outside the inner space, the so-called excavation tube mouth
40a, on the same side as the outer side of the inner wall 42a and on the cutting tip.
It is located inside the step 46.

In the illustrated embodiment, the above-described excavation cylinder 4
0 as a means for rotating in the circumferential direction,
A hydraulic motor 48 fixed to the truck 1 by a hydraulic system provided on the truck 1.
The excavating cylinder 40 is decelerated and rotated in one circumferential direction or in a reciprocating direction via a pinion gear 49 attached to the drive shaft and a driving gear 50 meshing with the pinion gear 49. The means for rotating the excavation tube 40 may include a handle that is manually operated on the peripheral wall of the excavation tube 40, and may be configured to be driven to rotate by turning the handle.

The inner wall 42a and the outer wall 4 of the hollow cylinder 42
An air hose 51 is connected to the upper part of the hollow cylinder 42 in communication with an air passage 43 formed between the air hose 43 and the air hose 43.
Is connected to the exhaust system of the vacuum suction blower 5 mounted on the air blower 5, and the exhaust air from the blower 5 is guided to the air passage 43 by the hose 51, and the air is blown out from the blow hole 45 to the soil surface as compressed air. A blowing means is configured. In the illustrated embodiment, the flow rate of the compressed air blown from the blowout port 45 toward the soil surface, the communication pipe 8 from the vacuum suction blower 5 → the filter chamber 6 → the sediment collection chamber 7 → the vacuum duct It is configured such that the suction flow rate of the suction ascending airflow acting on the inner wall 42a of the hollow cylinder 42 (the suction passage for earth and sand) via the pipe 15 is substantially equal to each other in the standard state equivalent air amount. Note that the above-described pressure air blowing means is a blowing source (compressor or blowing blower) separately installed without using the exhaust system of the vacuum suction blower 5.
May be connected to the air hose 51.

FIG. 4 is a sectional view showing a second embodiment of the excavator according to the present invention, in which an excavating tube opening 40a at the lower end of the excavating tube is eccentrically provided. FIG.
The first embodiment is different from the first embodiment only in that the excavation tube opening 40a is eccentric, and other configurations are the same. Therefore, only the vicinity of the excavation tube opening 40a will be described, and the description of the other configurations will be omitted. Corresponding components are denoted by the same reference numerals as those in FIG.

In FIG. 4, the hollow cylinder 42 of this embodiment is
It is supported straight as in the first embodiment,
The excavation tube opening 40a at the lower end is eccentric with respect to the excavation tube 40. And in this case, the drilling cylinder 40
Is decelerated and rotated in one circumferential direction by a hydraulic motor 48. Then, as shown in FIG. 5, which is a view taken in the direction of arrow BB in FIG. 4, the excavation tube opening 40a is located at an eccentric position with respect to the axis P of the hollow tube 42 or the excavation tube 40 and rotates. Cutting tip 46 and fumarole 4
Reference numeral 5 rotates on a circle around the axis P. for that reason,
The plurality of cutting tips 46 and the spouts 45 rotate so that each draws a circle with a different radius. During the excavation operation, the portion near the rotation center of the excavation tube 40 also disturbs the cutting tips 46 and the spouts. Since 45 earth and sand crushing operations work, the excavation efficiency is improved. Further, since the earth pressure of the soil acting on the side surface of the excavation tube opening 40a acts on only one portion, the rotation becomes light, and the output of the hydraulic motor 48 can be reduced.

Next, a description will be given of an example of use and operation of the excavator constructed as described above. At the time of excavation work, the truck 1 is moved to a place where excavation is to be performed, and firstly, a support base 22 mounted on an end of the boom 20 so that the excavation cylinder 40 stands upright on the soil surface to be excavated. Is fixed to the ground with a pair of left and right outriggers 29. In this state, the lifting body 35 is moved by operating the handle 36.
The excavating cylinder 40 is lifted to the ascending position of the elevating guide column 27, whereby the excavating cylinder 40 is raised, and the excavating cylinder port 40a at the lower end thereof is set in a state of contacting the soil surface level.

At the time of this setting, the excavating cylinder 40 is guided by the self-weight of the hollow cylinder 42 and the elevating body 35 supporting the excavating cylinder 40 while the excavating cylinder opening 40a at the lower end thereof has a required pressing force against the soil surface. It is in a state of falling by its own weight along the column 27. If the above-mentioned pressing force is insufficient in weight, an additional weight is added. If a larger pressing force is required due to the hardness or softness of the soil, the handle 36 is rotated as necessary during the excavation operation. The excavation tube opening 40a may be pressed and urged in the downward direction.

After the above-described setting is completed, the engine 4 is started, the vacuum suction blower 5 is operated, and at the same time, the hydraulic motor 48 is driven by the hydraulic system mounted on the truck 1 to move the excavating cylinder 40 in one direction or reciprocating direction. To reduce the speed.
Thereby, the vacuum suction force from the suction blower 5 increases the communication pipe 8 → the filter chamber 6 → the sediment collection chamber 7 → the vacuum duct 1.
The air acts on the inside of the hollow cylinder 42 (the inside of the inner wall 42a and the earth and sand suction passage) that rotatably supports the excavating cylinder 40 via 5 →, and a suction ascending airflow is generated in the cylinder. On the other hand, at the same time, the exhaust air (pressure air) from the suction blower 5 is introduced into the air passage 43 formed between the inner wall 42a and the outer wall 42b of the hollow cylinder 42 via the hose 51, and the compressed air Is blown out from the blowout opening 45 of the excavation tube opening 40a opened in communication therewith.

At this time, the above-described compressed air is blown to the soil surface of the sectioned area surrounded by the drilling tube opening 40a at the lower end of the drilling tube 40, and the fumes of the compressed air are limited to the soil surface to be drilled. Since the concentrated fumarole causes the air pressure to efficiently contribute to the crushing action of the soil surface, the air surface breaks down the soil surface. Further, in this case, the excavating cylinder 40 is rotated at a reduced speed in the circumferential direction, and the cutting tip 46 fixed to the outer peripheral edge of the lower end of the excavating cylinder opening 40a is rotated while disturbing to move gravels and the like interposed in the soil. Therefore, the above-described disturbing effect is combined with the above-mentioned effect of effectively crushing the soil by air pressure.

In the case where the excavation tube opening 40a is eccentric, the plurality of cutting tips 46 and the blast nozzles 45 move on circles having different radii, so that the excavation tip is widely disturbed in the excavation operation. Further, the efficiency is further improved because the crushing of the earth and sand by the compressed air is performed over a wide area.

The air-crushed earth and sand floats in the excavation tube opening 40a due to the reaction of the pressure air flow blown to the soil surface. Since the fluid flows so as to be immediately sucked up by the negative pressure suction force generated in the hollow cylinder 42 (inside the cylinder of the inner wall 42a and the sediment suction passage), the flow of the sediment sucked and transferred through the cylinder of the hollow cylinder 42 is smooth. The crushed soil is collected and discharged from the upper part of the hollow cylinder 42 into the sediment collection chamber 7 through the vacuum duct 15.
In particular, the pressurized air from the blowing port 45 is located outside the hollow cylinder 42 (the inner wall 42a and the earth and sand suction passage) and below the excavating cylinder port 40a.
As soon as it is fumed from the end, it is located inside the fumarole 45
The inside of the hollow cylinder 42 (inside the cylinder of the inner wall 42a and the soil suction passage)
Pressure loss, in other words, injection
Soil excavated while maintaining the same air flow and intake air flow
Sand will be sucked efficiently.

As a result, the crushing action of the soil surface and the sucking and discharging action of the crushed sediment are simultaneously advanced through the hollow excavating tube 40 erected on the soil surface. The tube 40 descends sequentially along the elevating guide column 27, and excavation work is performed so that a hole of a required depth is formed when the excavation tube opening 40a penetrates deeply into the soil. When various pipes such as gas pipes and water pipes are buried in the soil to be excavated during the excavation work, the excavation cylinder 40 is attached to the guide column 27 via the elevating body 35 by its own weight or manually. Since it is configured to descend and stop descending when it comes into contact with the buried object, there is no problem of damaging or destroying the buried object.

As described above, according to the excavator according to the present invention, crushing (crushing) of the soil surface by air pressure.
Since the function and the function of sucking and discharging the crushed earth and sand by the vacuum force are simultaneously progressed through the excavation tube standing upright on the soil surface, it does not damage or destroy the buried object existing in the soil to be excavated Compared with a vacuum excavator conventionally used as an excavator, the excavating operation can be performed extremely efficiently. Especially,
A jet located on the same plane as the suction part of the drilling cylinder and outside it
The pressure air that is blown out for excerpts because it has a vent
Air and suction air for suction maintain the same flow rate
That closes around the suction part of the excavation tube
Effective suction without pressure loss without installing
It can be eliminated.

Further, since the excavating cylinder is rotated in the circumferential direction around the hollow axis, the above-mentioned crushing action of the soil surface by the air pressure extends over the entire soil surface surrounded by the excavating cylinder mouth. The soil surface of the section area corresponding to the above is entirely crushed by air, and the crushed earth and sand is floated in the opening of the excavation cylinder by the negative pressure suction force acting through the hollow cylinder of the excavation cylinder. As a result of the crushing progressing even in the process of flowing so as to be sucked up, the crushing proceeds into a fine grain state that is easy to carry by the air current, and the suction and discharging action of the earth and sand can be smoothed.

In particular, in the above-mentioned excavating cylinder, the excavating cylinder opening provided at the lower end portion has a large diameter, and the inside of the inner hollow cylinder (soil suction passage) has a small diameter capable of generating a required negative pressure suction force. In such a case, the digging area surrounded by the excavation tube opening can be enlarged corresponding to the large-diameter excavation tube opening while maintaining the suction-discharge performance of the crushed sediment as required, and is advanced through the excavation tube. Work efficiency of soil excavation can be streamlined.

Further, when the above-mentioned excavation tube opening is driven to rotate eccentrically with respect to the hollow axis, the crushing area of the soil surface defined by the excavation tube is greatly expanded by the eccentric rotation, and as a result, the excavation tube is interposed. Work efficiency of soil excavation progressed further can be further streamlined.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is an overall side view showing an embodiment of a drilling apparatus according to the present invention in a partial cross section.

FIG. 2 is a side view showing an enlarged part of the first embodiment of the excavator for soil surface and showing a part of the excavator in a cross section.

FIG. 3 is a view taken in the direction of arrows AA in FIG. 2;

FIG. 4 is an enlarged side view of a second embodiment of the above-described soil surface excavator, and a partial cross-sectional view thereof.

5 is a view taken in the direction of arrows BB in FIG. 4;

[Explanation of symbols]

Reference Signs List 1 truck 2 driver's seat 3 chassis 4 engine 5 blower 6 filter room 6a upper exhaust room 6b lower suction room 6c
Partition plate 7 Sediment collection room 7a Sediment inflow port 8 Communication pipe 9 Filter bag 10 Support plate 11
Extension coil spring 12 Passage 13 Impact plate 14
Door 15 Vacuum duct 18
Connecting bracket 19 hitch pin 20 boom 21,
23 Mounting Plate 22 Support Stand 24 Vertical Frame 27
Elevating guide column 27a rack 28 hydraulic cylinder mechanism 29 outrigger 32 pinion 33,
34 Roller 35 Lifting body 36 Lifting handle 40
Drilling cylinder 40a Drilling cylinder mouth 42 Hollow cylinder 43
Air passage 45 Fumarole 46 Cutting tip 48
Hydraulic motor

──────────────────────────────────────────────────続 き Continued on the front page (58) Field surveyed (Int.Cl. ⁶ , DB name) E21B 7/18 E21B 7/00 E21B 10/60

Claims (3)

(57) [Claims] 1. A vacuum suction blower, a sediment collection chamber provided in communication with a suction path of the blower, and a hollow cylindrical excavation tube communicated with the sediment collection chamber via a vacuum duct. the drilling barrel, the hollow axis with vertically vertically movably supported in an upright position on the soil surface, and means for rotating the circumferential direction about the hollow axis, as and drilling at the lower end snout At the circumference of the cylinder mouth, the vacuum duct
An excavating device for soil, comprising: a blowing port provided in a state opened to the outside of a communicating space to communicate with an air source to blow compressed air toward a soil surface. 2. The soil excavation device according to claim 1, wherein the excavation tube opening at the lower end of the excavation tube is formed to have a diameter larger than the diameter of the hollow cylinder of the excavation tube. 3. The soil excavating apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the excavating cylinder is configured to rotate at least an excavating cylinder opening at a lower end portion eccentrically with respect to the hollow axis.