CN109209222B - Drilling process - Google Patents
Drilling process Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN109209222B CN109209222B CN201811258399.8A CN201811258399A CN109209222B CN 109209222 B CN109209222 B CN 109209222B CN 201811258399 A CN201811258399 A CN 201811258399A CN 109209222 B CN109209222 B CN 109209222B
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- pipe
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- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 60
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 21
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 21
- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 44
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 37
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 claims description 58
- 239000010687 lubricating oil Substances 0.000 claims description 31
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 claims description 21
- 230000001050 lubricating effect Effects 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000005192 partition Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000000149 penetrating effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000007664 blowing Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 abstract description 6
- 206010024796 Logorrhoea Diseases 0.000 description 7
- 235000017166 Bambusa arundinacea Nutrition 0.000 description 6
- 235000017491 Bambusa tulda Nutrition 0.000 description 6
- 241001330002 Bambuseae Species 0.000 description 6
- 235000015334 Phyllostachys viridis Nutrition 0.000 description 6
- 239000011425 bamboo Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000008187 granular material Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000004575 stone Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000015271 coagulation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005345 coagulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008602 contraction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002283 diesel fuel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003670 easy-to-clean Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011440 grout Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002955 isolation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000314 lubricant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010705 motor oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010813 municipal solid waste Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002035 prolonged effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 210000003437 trachea Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B7/00—Special methods or apparatus for drilling
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B21/00—Methods or apparatus for flushing boreholes, e.g. by use of exhaust air from motor
- E21B21/16—Methods or apparatus for flushing boreholes, e.g. by use of exhaust air from motor using gaseous fluids
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B33/00—Sealing or packing boreholes or wells
- E21B33/10—Sealing or packing boreholes or wells in the borehole
- E21B33/13—Methods or devices for cementing, for plugging holes, crevices or the like
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B7/00—Special methods or apparatus for drilling
- E21B7/02—Drilling rigs characterised by means for land transport with their own drive, e.g. skid mounting or wheel mounting
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Geology (AREA)
- Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Earth Drilling (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to a drilling process which is characterized by comprising the following steps: a. drilling by adopting a large drill bit, forming a large hole after drilling to a preset depth, withdrawing the drill bit from the large hole, and forming a sundry layer at the bottom of the large hole; b. coaxially placing a protective cylinder in the large hole, wherein the protective cylinder extends into the sundry crushing layer; c. gradually pouring cement materials between the inner wall of the large hole and the outer wall of the protecting cylinder, and conveying high-flow gas into the protecting cylinder; d. stopping conveying the high-flow gas after the cement material is poured; e. after the cement material is coagulated, the small drill bit is extended into the bottom of the large hole, and drilling is continued to a preset depth to form a small hole. After the technical scheme of the invention is adopted, the whole large hole is basically free of sundry particles, so that subsequent smooth drilling is ensured, and the drilling efficiency is improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a drilling process.
Background
In some drilling construction processes, sometimes the upper strata geology is relatively soft, when boring to certain degree of depth, needs to carry out the pore wall protection, avoids the pore wall to collapse and causes the drilling invalid even the drill bit is difficult to extract. One of the construction processes is as follows: when the hole is drilled to a certain depth, the drill bit is withdrawn, the protective cylinder is placed in the hole, the outer diameter of the protective cylinder is smaller than the hole diameter of the drilled hole, cement materials are injected between the outer wall of the protective cylinder and the inner wall of the drilled hole after the protective cylinder is placed at the bottom of the drilled hole, the drill bit (namely, a small drill bit) with a small specification is replaced after the cement materials are solidified, and the drill bit penetrates into the bottom of the drilled hole from the protective cylinder to further drill the hole. By adopting the construction process, after the drill bit is withdrawn, a layer of crushed soil or crushed stone and other crushed slag layers can be remained at the bottom of the drilled hole, the drilled hole is not easy to clean, and the hole wall can be damaged (such as the hole wall is touched or the hole wall is washed) in the cleaning process. Grout pours into the cement bed of material that forms after condensing, protects a section of thick bamboo and cement bed of material and links into an organic whole, then be remaining detritus layer in the below on the cement bed of material and the below of protecting a section of thick bamboo, when little drill bit from stretching into protect a section of thick bamboo in the time of beginning to bore, the detritus layer of cement bed below probably collapses and from removing to the center of protecting a section of thick bamboo rapidly to cover on the upper portion of little drill bit, influence the normal work of little drill bit, cause the card even to bore, the work efficiency of influence drilling.
Accordingly, the present inventors have made extensive studies to solve the above problems and have made the present invention.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a drilling process capable of ensuring smooth propulsion of a drill bit and improving the working efficiency of drilling.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a drilling process comprising the steps of:
a. drilling by adopting a large drill bit, forming a large hole after drilling to a preset depth, withdrawing the drill bit from the large hole, and forming a sundry layer at the bottom of the large hole;
b. coaxially placing a protective cylinder in the large hole, wherein the protective cylinder extends into the sundry crushing layer;
c. pouring cement materials between the inner wall of the large hole and the outer wall of the protecting cylinder to a certain height, conveying high-flow gas into the protecting cylinder, blowing the miscellaneous crushed materials in the miscellaneous crushed layer, stopping gas conveying when the cement materials fly out from the opening of the protecting cylinder, and continuously pouring the cement materials between the inner wall of the large hole and the outer wall of the protecting cylinder to a preset height;
d. after the cement material is coagulated, the small drill bit is extended into the bottom of the large hole, and drilling is continued to a preset depth to form a small hole.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the aperture of the large hole is 20cm, and the outer diameter of the casing is 16 cm.
As a preferable mode of the invention, the drilling machine is operated by adopting a drilling machine, the drilling machine comprises an excavator walking device, a guide rail arranged on the excavator walking device, a slide block arranged in the guide rail, a driving mechanism used for driving the slide block to move up and down, a rotary power head arranged on the slide block, an air compressor, a drill rod connected on the rotary power head, a down-hole impactor connected on the drill rod and a drill bit connected on the down-hole impactor, the guide rail is arranged along the vertical direction, the air compressor is connected with the rotary power head through an air pipe, the walking direction of the excavator walking device is taken as the front-back direction, the excavator walking device comprises a frame, a walking system and a rotary platform rotatably arranged on the frame, the rotary platform comprises a base plate rotatably arranged on the walking system, a supporting plate slidably arranged on the base plate and a moving, the guide rail is arranged on the support plate.
As a preferred mode of the present invention, the moving mechanism includes a screw rod rotatably disposed on the base plate, a screw nut disposed on the screw rod, and a hand wheel for driving the screw rod to rotate, the screw nut is fixedly connected to the support plate, a sliding groove is disposed on the base plate, a sliding rail is disposed on the support plate corresponding to the sliding groove, and the sliding groove extends along the left and right directions of the base plate.
As a preferable mode of the present invention, the present invention further includes a plurality of positioning columns fixed on the supporting plate, each positioning column includes an oil cylinder arranged along a vertical direction and a positioning support leg arranged on a piston rod of the oil cylinder, and each positioning column includes a first positioning column, a second positioning column, a third positioning column and a fourth positioning column, the first positioning column and the second positioning column are arranged at a front end of the supporting plate and are respectively arranged at left and right sides of the supporting plate, and the third positioning column and the fourth positioning column are arranged at a rear end of the supporting plate and are respectively arranged at left and right sides of the supporting plate.
As a preferable mode of the present invention, the rotary power head includes a housing, a rotary motor disposed in the housing, and a connection pipe connected to an output end of the rotary motor, a partition plate is disposed in the housing, the partition plate partitions an inner cavity of the housing into a first cavity and a second cavity that are isolated from each other, the rotary motor is disposed in the first cavity, the air pipe is communicated with the second cavity, an output shaft of the rotary motor extends into the second cavity from the first cavity, the connection pipe is communicated with the second cavity, the drill rod is a hollow drill rod, and an inner cavity of the drill rod is communicated with the connection pipe.
As a preferable mode of the invention, the lubricating oil device further comprises a lubricating oil tank, liquid lubricating oil is filled in the lubricating oil tank, a first through hole and a second through hole are arranged on the lubricating oil tank, the first through hole and the second through hole are positioned above the liquid level of the lubricating oil, the air pipe penetrates through the first through hole and penetrates out of the second through hole, a lubricating pipe section is formed in the lubricating oil tank, a mounting hole arranged along the radial direction is formed in the lubricating pipe section, an oil guide pipe penetrates through the mounting hole, an oil guide hole is arranged on the oil guide pipe, the oil guide hole is communicated with the lubricating pipe section, the lubricating pipe section is arranged along the horizontal direction, the oil guide pipe is arranged along the vertical direction, a first limit nut is arranged at the lower end of the oil guide pipe, a second limit nut is arranged at the upper end of the oil guide pipe, the first limit nut is positioned below the lubricating pipe section, the second limit nut is positioned above the lubricating oil tank, a, the upper end of the drainage tube is in threaded connection with the lower end of the oil guide tube, the upper end of the drainage tube is provided with a conical seat, the lower end of the adjusting rod is provided with an adjusting conical head matched with the conical seat, the adjusting rod is connected with the oil guide tube in a threaded connection mode, the adjusting rod extends out of the second limiting nut, and a pressurizing hole communicated with the lubricating oil tank is formed in the lubricating tube section.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the adapter tube extends out of the housing, and a tapered protective cover with a downward opening is mounted on an outer wall of the adapter tube.
As a preferred mode of the present invention, the lower end of the guide rail is hinged to the support plate through a first hinge shaft, and the present invention further includes a folding cylinder, a cylinder body of the folding cylinder is hinged to the support plate, a piston rod of the folding cylinder is hinged to the guide rail through a second hinge shaft, and the second hinge shaft is located above the first hinge shaft.
As a preferable mode of the present invention, the driving mechanism includes a lift cylinder disposed along a vertical direction, a chain wheel disposed at an upper end of the lift cylinder, and a chain erected on the chain wheel, one end of the chain is fixed on the guide rail, and the other end of the chain is fixedly connected to the slider.
As a preferred mode of the invention, the drill rod disassembling device further comprises a rod disassembling mechanism for assisting in disassembling the drill rod, the rod disassembling mechanism comprises a first wrench, a second wrench and a rotating oil cylinder, the first wrench and the second wrench are hinged to the supporting plate, the rotating oil cylinder is used for driving the second wrench to rotate, a cylinder body of the rotating oil cylinder is hinged to the supporting plate, a piston rod of the rotating oil cylinder is hinged to a free end of the second wrench, the first wrench is provided with a positioning rotating shaft along the vertical direction, the supporting plate is provided with a positioning hole matched with the positioning rotating shaft, and the supporting plate is further provided with a first limiting portion and a second limiting portion, the first limiting portion and the second limiting.
As a preferable mode of the present invention, the drill bit includes a connection portion connected to the down-the-hole hammer and a bit body connected to the connection portion, a plurality of cemented carbide drill grains are arranged on the bit body, a lower end surface of the bit body is an installation spherical surface, the plurality of cemented carbide drill grains are divided into a plurality of groups of drill grains, and the drill grains in each group of drill grains are arranged at the same height.
After the technical scheme of the invention is adopted, when cement materials are poured between the inner wall of the large hole and the outer wall of the casing, high-flow gas is conveyed into the casing, and the high-flow gas has two functions: firstly, the miscellaneous garrulous layer that corresponds to protecting a section of thick bamboo erodees and makes miscellaneous garrulous granule fly out along the inner wall of protecting a section of thick bamboo, avoided miscellaneous garrulous granule to cause to erode and destroy the pore wall in macropore hole, secondly high flow gas can get into cement through miscellaneous garrulous layer, stir cement, make the miscellaneous garrulous granule of cement below mix with cement, behind the cement coagulation one-tenth cement bed of material, the below on cement bed of material does not have loose miscellaneous garrulous granule basically, there is not miscellaneous garrulous granule basically in the whole macropore, thereby follow-up smooth drilling has been guaranteed, the efficiency of drilling is improved, the cleanness of drilling can be guaranteed simultaneously.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the matching structure of the guide rail, the slider and the driving mechanism of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic structural view of the detaching mechanism of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of the construction of the drill bit of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic structural view of a rotary power head according to the present invention;
FIG. 6 is an enlarged view (partially in section) at A in FIG. 1;
FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view of a drilled hole in accordance with the present invention;
FIG. 8 is an enlarged view at B;
in the figure:
10-vehicle frame 11-base plate
12-support plate 13-chute
14-slide rail 15-screw nut
16-hand wheel 17-screw rod
18-air compressor 19-traveling system
20-guide rail 21-lifting oil cylinder
22-sprocket 23-chain
24-slide block 30-rotary power head
31-first chamber 32-second chamber
33-rotary motor 35-joint pipe
36-through hole 41-drill rod
42-Down-the-hole impacter 43-bit
431 bit body 432 connection
433-drill grain 44-protective cover
50-positioning column
51-oil cylinder 52-positioning support leg
60-folding oil cylinder 61-first articulated shaft
62-second hinge shaft 70-lubricating oil tank
71-liquid level 72-oil conduit
73-adjusting rod 731-adjusting conical head
74-drainage tube 741-conical seat
75-first limit nut 76-second limit nut
77-oil guide hole 78-oil seal
79-pressurizing hole 80-trachea
81-lubricating pipe section 91-first wrench
92-first position-limiting part 93-second position-limiting part
94-positioning rotating shaft 95-rotating oil cylinder
100-stratum 101-large cavern
102-small hole 200-protective cylinder
300-miscellaneous shattered layer 400-cement layer
500-high flow air pipe
Detailed Description
In order to further explain the technical scheme of the invention, the following detailed description is combined with the accompanying drawings.
Referring to fig. 7 to 8, in which arrows indicate the flow direction of the gas flow, a drilling process includes the steps of:
a. drilling by adopting a large drill bit, forming a large hole 101 after drilling to a preset depth, withdrawing the drill bit from the large hole 101, and forming a sundry layer 300 at the bottom of the large hole 101, wherein the sundry layer 300 is mainly soil blocks and broken stones which are difficult to clean; the preset depth of the step mainly refers to a relatively soft soil layer;
b. the pile casing 200 is coaxially placed in the large hole 101, the pile casing 200 extends into the sundry crushed layer 300 and is pressed against the sundry crushed layer 300 under the action of gravity, and the pile casing 200 can be a cement pipe pile or a plastic pipe, for example;
c. pouring cement materials between the inner wall of the large hole 101 and the outer wall of the casing 200 to a certain height, and delivering high-flow gas into the casing 200, specifically, extending a high-flow gas pipe 500 into the casing 200, preferably to a position close to the upper surface of the trash layer 300, wherein the high-flow gas pipe 500 is connected to a gas supply device, such as an air compressor to be described below; the flow rate and pressure of the gas can be selected according to the size and depth of the hole and the condition of the stratum 100, and those skilled in the art can select according to the actual conditions, so that the high-flow gas can blow up the sundry scraps in the sundry shred layer 300, when the opening of the casing 200 has the cement material flying out, the gas delivery is stopped, and the cement material is continuously poured between the inner wall of the large hole 101 and the outer wall of the casing 200 to a predetermined height. Normally, the large hole 101 is blown by the high-flow air pipe 500, on one hand, the sundry layer corresponding to the pile casing 200 is washed and the sundry particles fly out along the inner wall of the pile casing 200, so that the damage caused by the washing of the sundry particles to the hole wall of the large hole 101 is avoided, furthermore, the high-flow air can enter the cement material through the sundry layer, the cement material is stirred, the sundry particles below the cement material are mixed with the cement material, after the mixing, the cement material can partially flow back to the pile casing 200 and is blown out from the upper end of the pile casing 200, when wet cement material is adopted, most of the cement material is condensed into a cement material layer, and at least part of the cement material can flow back to the pile casing 200 along with the high-flow air and fly to the upper end of the pile casing 200.
The cement material in the invention can be selected from conventional dry cement materials or cement and sand mixtures in drilling or well drilling processes, and wet mixtures can be used.
d. After the cement material is solidified, a cement material layer 400 is formed, a small drill bit is extended into the bottom of the large hole 101, and drilling is continued to a preset depth to form a small hole 102 (the small hole is not drilled temporarily in the figure and is indicated by a dotted line).
In an embodiment, the aperture of the large hole 101 is 20cm, and the outer diameter of the casing 200 is 16 cm.
Referring to fig. 1 to 6, the present invention also provides a drilling machine, which can be used in the above drilling process to improve the drilling efficiency. The excavator walking device comprises an excavator walking device, guide rails 20 arranged on the excavator walking device, sliders 24 arranged in the guide rails 20, a driving mechanism for driving the sliders 24 to move up and down, a rotary power head 30 installed on the sliders 24, an air compressor 18, a drill rod 41 connected to the rotary power head 30, a down-hole impacter 42 connected to the drill rod 41 and a drill bit 43 connected to the down-hole impacter 42, wherein the guide rails 20 are arranged along the vertical direction, the two guide rails 20 are arranged along the vertical direction, the sliders 24 are arranged between the two guide rails 20, the air compressor 18 is connected with the rotary power head 30 through an air pipe 80, the walking direction of the excavator walking device is taken as the front-back direction, the excavator walking device comprises a frame 10, a walking system 19 and a rotary platform rotatably arranged on the frame 10, and the walking system 19 comprises track wheels and a, these structures are described in the existing excavator, and the present invention removes the components on the revolving platform of the excavator on the basis of the existing excavator, and installs the guide rail 20, wherein the power of the air compressor 18 can be directly taken from the power system of the excavator, or the diesel engine can be additionally arranged to drive the air compressor 18 to work, which are described in the existing drilling machine and will not be described in detail herein.
One of the improvement points of the invention is that: the rotary platform comprises a base plate 11 rotatably mounted on a walking system 19, a support plate 12 slidably arranged on the base plate 11, and a moving mechanism for driving the support plate 12 to move along the left and right directions of the base plate 11, wherein the guide rail 20 is arranged on the support plate 12. With this structure, the forward and backward displacement of the rotary power head 30 can be realized by advancing or retreating the track wheel, and the leftward and rightward displacement of the rotary power head 30 can be realized by the moving mechanism.
As a preferred mode of the present invention, the moving mechanism includes a screw rod 17 rotatably disposed on the substrate 11, a screw nut 15 disposed on the screw rod 17, and a hand wheel 16 for driving the screw rod 17 to rotate, wherein the screw rod 17 is disposed along a horizontal direction, the screw nut 15 is fixedly connected to the support plate 12, a sliding slot 13 is disposed on the substrate 11, a sliding rail 14 is disposed on the support plate 12 corresponding to the sliding slot 13, and the sliding slot 13 extends along a left-right direction of the substrate 11. With this structure, the support plate 12 can be slightly moved in the left-right direction along with the feed screw nut 15 by rotating the hand wheel 16.
As a preferable mode of the present invention, the excavator further includes a plurality of positioning columns 50 fixed on the support plate 12, the positioning columns include an oil cylinder 51 arranged along a vertical direction and positioning support legs 52 arranged on a piston rod of the oil cylinder 51, the oil cylinder 51 is connected to a power system of the excavator, the plurality of positioning columns 50 include a first positioning column, a second positioning column, a third positioning column and a fourth positioning column, the first positioning column and the second positioning column are arranged at a front end of the support plate 12 and are respectively arranged at left and right sides of the support plate 12, and the third positioning column and the fourth positioning column are arranged at a rear end of the support plate 12 and are respectively arranged at left and right sides of the support plate 12. By adopting the structure, the stretching of the positioning support feet 52 is adjusted through the oil cylinder 51, so that the uneven ground is adapted, the drilling machine is stable and cannot slip, and the stable and efficient drilling is ensured.
The invention also makes a second improvement on the existing drilling machine: gyration unit head 30 includes the casing, sets up the gyration motor 33 in the casing and connects the linking pipe 35 at the output of gyration motor 33, is equipped with baffle 34 in the casing, and first cavity 31 and the second cavity 32 of mutual isolation are separated into with the inner chamber of casing to baffle 34, and gyration motor 33 sets up in first cavity 31, trachea 80 and second cavity 32 intercommunication, and the output shaft of gyration motor 33 stretches into second cavity 32 from first cavity 31, links up pipe 35 and second cavity 32 intercommunication, drilling rod 431 is hollow drilling rod, the inner chamber and the linking pipe 35 intercommunication of drilling rod 43. The invention also comprises a lubricating oil tank 70, the lubricating oil tank 70 is filled with liquid lubricating oil, the liquid lubricating oil can be, for example, a mixture of 95 weight percent diesel oil and 5 weight percent engine oil, the lubricating oil tank is provided with a first through hole and a second through hole, the first through hole and the second through hole are positioned above the liquid level 71 of the lubricating oil, the air pipe 80 penetrates through the first through hole and penetrates out of the second through hole, a lubricating pipe section 81 is formed in the lubricating oil tank 70, a mounting hole arranged along the radial direction is arranged in the lubricating pipe section 81, an oil guide pipe 72 is arranged in the mounting hole in a penetrating way, the oil guide pipe 72 is provided with an oil guide hole 77, the oil guide hole 77 is communicated with the lubricating pipe section 81, the lubricating pipe section 81 is arranged along the horizontal direction, the oil guide pipe 72 is arranged along the vertical direction, the lower end of the oil guide pipe 72 is provided with a first limit nut 75, the upper end of the oil guide pipe 72 is provided with a second limit nut 76, for limiting the sliding of the oil conduit 72. The first limit nut 75 is positioned below the lubricating pipe section 81, the second limit nut 76 is positioned above the lubricating oil tank 70, the lubricating oil device further comprises a drainage pipe 74 penetrating the lower end of the oil guide pipe 72 and an adjusting rod 73 penetrating the upper end of the oil guide pipe 72, the upper end of the drainage pipe 74 is in threaded connection with the lower end of the oil guide pipe 72, a conical seat 741 is arranged at the upper end of the drainage pipe 74, an adjusting conical head portion 731 matched with the conical seat 741 is arranged at the lower end of the adjusting rod 73, the adjusting rod 731 is connected in the oil guide pipe 72 in a threaded connection mode, the adjusting rod 73 extends out of the second limit nut 76, and the relative position of the adjusting conical head portion 731 and the conical seat 741 can be adjusted by rotating the adjusting rod 73, so that the oil inlet amount can be adjusted. In the invention, an oil seal 78 is further arranged between the oil guide pipe 72 and the mounting hole, a pressurizing hole 79 communicated with the lubricating oil tank 70 is arranged on the lubricating pipe section 81, the pressurizing hole 79 can be arranged at the oil seal 78, and can also be arranged at other positions of the lubricating pipe section 72 and used for applying certain pressure to the lubricating oil tank 70, so that the lubricating oil enters the lubricating pipe section 81 from the drainage pipe 74 through the oil guide hole 77 and enters the down-the-hole impactor 42 along with air. With this configuration, the compressed air may carry a small amount of lubricant and deliver it to the down-the-hole impactor 42 to lubricate the down-the-hole impactor 42, thereby increasing the efficiency and life of the down-the-hole impactor 42.
As a preferable mode of the present invention, the adapter tube 35 extends out of the housing, a conical protection cover 44 with a downward opening is installed on an outer wall of the adapter tube 35, and dust or gravel can be blocked by using the conical protection cover 44, so that the dust or gravel entering the rotary power head 30 is greatly reduced, and the service life of the equipment is prolonged. Because in the drilling process, the airflow used for drilling can carry impurities such as broken stones and the like to wash upwards, the impurities and the dispersed airflow can be blocked through the protective cover 44, so that the rotary power head 30 is effectively protected, and the impurities are prevented from entering the rotary power head 30.
As a preferred mode of the present invention, the lower end of the guide rail 20 is hinged to the support plate 12 through a first hinge shaft 61, and further includes a folding cylinder 60, a cylinder body of the folding cylinder 60 is hinged to the support plate 12, a piston rod of the folding cylinder 60 is hinged to the guide rail 20 through a second hinge shaft 62, the second hinge shaft 62 is located above the first hinge shaft 61, and the first hinge shaft 61 and the second hinge shaft 62 are arranged in parallel. By adopting the structure, the guide rail 20 can be folded from the vertical state to the inclined state, the height of the whole drilling machine is reduced, and the drilling machine can conveniently walk in a narrow space.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the driving mechanism includes a lift cylinder 21 disposed along a vertical direction, a sprocket 22 disposed at an upper end of the lift cylinder 21, and a chain 23 disposed on the sprocket 22, wherein one end of the chain 23 is fixed on the guide rail 20, and the other end is fixedly connected to the slider 24. The rotary power head 30 is lifted by lifting the lift cylinder 21, and finally the drill 43 is lifted.
The invention also provides a third improvement on the existing drilling machine, the drilling machine also comprises a rod disassembling mechanism for assisting in disassembling the drill rod, the rod disassembling mechanism comprises a first wrench 91 and a second wrench 96 which are hinged on the supporting plate 12, and a rotating oil cylinder 95 for driving the second wrench 92 to rotate, the rotating oil cylinder 95 is connected to a power system of the excavator, the cylinder body of the rotating oil cylinder 95 is hinged with the supporting plate 12, the piston rod of the rotating oil cylinder 95 is hinged with the free end of the second wrench 96, the first wrench 91 is provided with a positioning rotating shaft 94 along the vertical direction, the support plate 12 is provided with a positioning hole which is matched with the positioning rotating shaft 94, the positioning hole can limit the positioning rotating shaft 94 to move in the radial direction, a first limit part 92 and a second limit part 93 for limiting the rotation of the first wrench 91 are further arranged on the support plate 12, wherein the first and second position-limiting portions 92 and 93 are provided on both sides of the free end of the first wrench 51. When two jointed drill rods 43 are disassembled, the first wrench 91 is clamped into one drill rod positioned below, the second wrench 96 is clamped into one drill rod positioned above, the first wrench 91 realizes the positioning of the drill rod below, the second wrench 96 is driven to rotate through the extension and contraction of the rotary oil cylinder 95, so that the two drill rods 43 are unscrewed, the second wrench 96 is removed from the drill rods 43, and the drill rods can be disassembled by manually rotating the drill rods. The rod removing mechanism of the invention can be directly used in the digging and improving down-the-hole drill in the prior art.
As a preferred mode of the present invention, the drill bit 43 includes a connection portion 432 connected to the down-the-hole hammer 42 and a drill bit body 431 connected to the connection portion 432, a plurality of hard alloy drill grains 433 are disposed on the drill bit body 431, a lower end surface of the drill bit body 431 is a mounting spherical surface, the plurality of hard alloy drill grains 433 are divided into a plurality of groups of drill grains, each group of drill grains is disposed at the same height from bottom to top, the number of drill grains in each group of drill grains is gradually increased, that is, the number of drill grains at the lowest end of the mounting spherical surface is the smallest. By adopting the structure, the drilling particles at the lowest end of the installation spherical surface firstly contact hard rocks or soil layers, holes are formed in the rocks or the soil layers firstly, so that the drill bit is rapidly pushed, and in the drilling process of the drill bit, the rocks or the soil layers are crushed by utilizing the peripheral drilling particles, so that the crushing efficiency is improved.
The product form of the present invention is not limited to the embodiments and examples shown in the present application, and any suitable changes or modifications of the similar ideas should be made without departing from the patent scope of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. A drilling process, comprising the steps of:
a. drilling by adopting a large drill bit, forming a large hole after drilling to a preset depth, withdrawing the drill bit from the large hole, and forming a sundry layer at the bottom of the large hole;
b. coaxially placing a protective cylinder in the large hole, wherein the protective cylinder extends into the sundry crushing layer;
c. pouring cement materials between the inner wall of the large hole and the outer wall of the protecting cylinder to a certain height, conveying high-flow gas into the protecting cylinder, blowing the miscellaneous crushed materials in the miscellaneous crushed layer, stopping gas conveying when the cement materials fly out from the opening of the protecting cylinder, and continuously pouring the cement materials between the inner wall of the large hole and the outer wall of the protecting cylinder to a preset height;
d. after the cement material is coagulated, extending a small drill bit into the bottom of the large hole, and continuously drilling to a preset depth to form a small hole;
the drilling machine comprises an excavator walking device, a guide rail arranged on the excavator walking device, a sliding block arranged in the guide rail, a driving mechanism for driving the sliding block to move up and down, a rotary power head arranged on the sliding block, an air compressor, a drill rod connected on the rotary power head, a down-hole impacter connected on the drill rod and a drill bit connected on the down-hole impacter, wherein the guide rail is arranged along the vertical direction, the air compressor is connected with the rotary power head through an air pipe, the walking direction of the excavator walking device is the front-back direction, the excavator walking device comprises a frame, a walking system and a rotary platform rotatably arranged on the frame, the rotary platform comprises a base plate rotatably arranged on the walking system, a supporting plate slidably arranged on the base plate and a moving mechanism for driving the supporting plate to move along, the guide rail is arranged on the support plate;
the rotary power head comprises a shell, a rotary motor arranged in the shell and a connecting pipe connected to the output end of the rotary motor, a partition plate is arranged in the shell and divides an inner cavity of the shell into a first cavity and a second cavity which are isolated from each other, the rotary motor is arranged in the first cavity, an air pipe is communicated with the second cavity, an output shaft of the rotary motor extends into the second cavity from the first cavity, the connecting pipe is communicated with the second cavity, the drill rod is a hollow drill rod, and the inner cavity of the drill rod is communicated with the connecting pipe; the connecting pipe extends out of the shell, and a conical protective cover with a downward opening is arranged on the outer wall of the connecting pipe;
the lubricating oil device also comprises a lubricating oil tank, liquid lubricating oil is filled in the lubricating oil tank, a first through hole and a second through hole are arranged on the lubricating oil tank, the first through hole and the second through hole are positioned above the liquid level of the lubricating oil, the air pipe penetrates through the first through hole and penetrates out of the second through hole, a lubricating pipe section is formed in the lubricating oil tank, a mounting hole which is arranged along the radial direction is formed in the lubricating pipe section, an oil guide pipe is arranged in the mounting hole in a penetrating manner, an oil guide hole is arranged on the oil guide pipe and is communicated with the lubricating pipe section, the lubricating pipe section is arranged along the horizontal direction, the oil guide pipe is arranged along the vertical direction, a first limit nut is arranged at the lower end of the oil guide pipe, a second limit nut is arranged at the upper end of the oil guide pipe and is positioned below the lubricating pipe section, the second limit nut is positioned above the lubricating oil tank, the, the upper end of the drainage tube is in threaded connection with the lower end of the oil guide tube, the upper end of the drainage tube is provided with a conical seat, the lower end of the adjusting rod is provided with an adjusting conical head matched with the conical seat, the adjusting rod is connected into the oil guide tube in a threaded connection mode and extends out of the second limiting nut, and a lubricating tube section is provided with a pressurizing hole communicated with the lubricating oil tank;
actuating mechanism includes the lift cylinder that sets up along vertical direction, sets up at the sprocket of the upper end of lift cylinder and sets up the chain at the chain wheel, and the one end of chain is fixed on the guide rail, the other end with slider fixed connection still including the mechanism of tearing open that is used for the supplementary drilling rod of dismantling, tear open the lever mechanism and articulate including first spanner, the second spanner in the backup pad and being used for driving second spanner pivoted rotation cylinder, the cylinder body of rotation cylinder with the backup pad is articulated to be connected, and the piston rod of rotation cylinder is articulated with the free end of second spanner, is equipped with the location pivot along vertical direction on the first spanner, be equipped with in the backup pad with location pivot complex locating hole still be equipped with in the backup pad and be used for restricting first spanner pivoted first spacing portion and the spacing portion of second.
2. The drilling process of claim 1, wherein the large hole has a diameter of 20cm and the casing has an outer diameter of 16 cm.
3. The drilling process according to claim 2, wherein the moving mechanism comprises a screw rotatably disposed on the base plate, a screw nut disposed on the screw, and a hand wheel for driving the screw to rotate, the screw nut is fixedly connected to the support plate, a sliding groove is disposed on the base plate, a sliding rail is disposed on the support plate corresponding to the sliding groove, and the sliding groove extends in a left-right direction of the base plate.
4. The drilling process according to claim 3, further comprising a plurality of positioning columns fixed on the supporting plate, wherein the positioning columns comprise an oil cylinder arranged in the vertical direction and positioning legs arranged on a piston rod of the oil cylinder, the positioning columns comprise a first positioning column, a second positioning column, a third positioning column and a fourth positioning column, the first positioning column and the second positioning column are arranged at the front end of the supporting plate and are respectively arranged at the left side and the right side of the supporting plate, and the third positioning column and the fourth positioning column are arranged at the rear end of the supporting plate and are respectively arranged at the left side and the right side of the supporting plate.
5. A drilling process according to claim 4, wherein the lower end of the guide rail is hinged to the support plate by a first hinge axis, and further comprising a folding cylinder, the body of which is hinged to the support plate, the piston rod of which is hinged to the guide rail by a second hinge axis, which is located above the first hinge axis.
6. A drilling process according to claim 5, wherein the drill bit comprises a connecting part connected with the down-the-hole hammer and a drill bit body connected with the connecting part, a plurality of hard alloy drill grains are distributed on the drill bit body, the lower end surface of the drill bit body is provided with a mounting spherical surface, the plurality of hard alloy drill grains are divided into a plurality of groups of drill grains, and the drill grains in each group of drill grains are distributed at the same height.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201811258399.8A CN109209222B (en) | 2018-10-26 | 2018-10-26 | Drilling process |
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| CN201811258399.8A CN109209222B (en) | 2018-10-26 | 2018-10-26 | Drilling process |
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| CN109209222B true CN109209222B (en) | 2020-05-26 |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN112593851B (en) * | 2020-10-30 | 2022-12-06 | 北京城建设计发展集团股份有限公司 | Wellhead excavating equipment for pavement drainage well and using method thereof |
| CN113882812B (en) * | 2021-08-23 | 2023-12-12 | 重庆宏工工程机械股份有限公司 | Intelligent small vertical shaft drilling machine in narrow space and drilling method |
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| CN109209222A (en) | 2019-01-15 |
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