JPH05156883A - Horizontal excavator - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To excavate a small bore tunnel safely, quickly and accurately by using a pneumatic soil excavating system for ejecting crashed soil and sand while crashing the soil by utilizing positive and negative air pressure. CONSTITUTION:An excavating section 30 is attached horizontally to a drive section 21 installed on a starting shaft in the ground. Soil is broken down by a high pressure and speed pneumatic force jetted from an air outlet 45 in an excavating head 41 of an excavating tip section 40 in the section 30 and cut and crashed circularly with a cutting chip 46. At the same time, the crashed soil and sand are sucked and ejected by a vacuum sucking force to excavate a tunnel. The excavating section 30 advances in the gound in response to the excavation by the drive section 21 and extends sequentially horizontally through the addition of intermediate section 50 to advance further in the ground. Thus, the soil is excavated to form continuously a long tunnel with a small bore.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention continuously digs a horizontal hole of an arbitrary length by using a pneumatic soil digging method in which digging work is performed using pressurized air, a vacuum suction force, and a rotating cutting tip. Horizontal drilling equipment.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art In recent years, along with the development of residential and urban environments, there is a tendency for facilities such as electricity and communications to be installed underground, in addition to facilities for water and sewerage and gas. And when burying these underground pipes in the soil, various propulsion methods have been developed in which horizontal holes are directly drilled in the soil and non-open construction is performed in consideration of the speed, economy, safety, etc. of the construction. ..

Conventionally, the horizontal excavator used in this type of propulsion method is called, for example, a propulsion machine or a through hole machine. Of these, the first conventional example has a tip jack and a source pushing jack, and the tip head is pushed into the soil by the pushing force of these jacks to proceed to dig a lateral hole. In the second conventional example, compressed air acts on an air hammer to strike the tip head, thereby pushing the tip head into the soil as well and proceeding to dig a lateral hole. In the third conventional example, the tip cutter is rotated while excavating the mud making material to excavate, the excavated earth and sand is slurried and transferred to the rear side, and while advancing the slurry, the lateral hole is excavated. ..

[0004]

By the way, the conventional jacking or air hammer pushing method is limited to the case where the soil is soft, and pushing the tip head or the like adversely affects the surrounding soil. There is a problem such as lack of straightness. In addition, in the method of excavating by rotating the tip cutter, it is complicated to treat the soiled slurry, and the tip cutter may damage buried objects in the soil, and the mud material may adversely affect the surrounding soil. There is a problem such as giving things.

The present invention has been made in view of this point, and uses a pneumatic soil excavation system that crushes soil by using positive and negative air pressures and discharges crushed earth and sand. Aim to dig, quickly and accurately.

[0006]

In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides a blower for vacuum suction, a sediment collection chamber provided in communication with a suction path of the blower, the sediment collection chamber and a high-pressure air source. Has a drive unit that is installed in the start shaft of the soil in communication with the exhaust side of the, and an excavation unit that is horizontally mounted on the drive unit, and the excavation unit is a base unit that is mounted on the drive unit. On the other hand, the tip excavation part is configured to extend horizontally by adding the intermediate part according to the progress of excavation,
The excavation head at the tip of this tip excavation unit has a fumarole for jetting pressurized air into the soil at high speed to crush it, a cylinder port for sucking and discharging the crushed earth and sand by vacuum suction force, and a cutting tip for rotating and cutting the soil. Is provided.

[0007]

According to the above construction, in the horizontal excavation section of the drive section installed in the starting shaft of soil, the soil is crushed and cut by the high-pressure and high-speed aerodynamic force ejected from the fumarole by the excavation head of the tip excavation section. The chip is cut into a circle to crush the soil, and at the same time, the crushed earth and sand is sucked and discharged by a vacuum suction force to efficiently dig a small-diameter horizontal hole. Then, the excavation unit moves forward in the soil according to the excavation by the drive unit, and by extending the middle part, it horizontally extends and further propels in the soil, thus forming a horizontal hole with a small diameter continuously. To be drilled in.

[0008]

Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings. In FIG. 1, an overall configuration of a low floor truck having a driver's seat equipped with a pneumatic soil excavator will be described. Reference numeral 1 is a truck, 2 is a driver's seat, 3 is a chassis, an engine 4 on the chassis 3, a vacuum suction blower 5 driven by the engine 4, and a box-shaped filter chamber installed on the suction path of the blower 5. 6 and a sediment collection room 7 are equipped.

The vacuum suction blower 5 is connected to an exhaust chamber 6a above the filter chamber 6 through a communication pipe 8. The filter chamber 6 is provided with a partition plate 6c so that the upper exhaust chamber 6a
Is divided into the lower suction chamber 6b. A filter bag 9 formed like a plurality of bellows-shaped hoses is suspended in the suction chamber 6b below the partition plate 6c, and the lower end of the filter bag 9 is fixed to a support plate 10, 1
0 is elastically supported by the bottom of the filter chamber 6 via a coil spring 11. Then, the intake airflow in the filter chamber 6 enters the inside of the filter bag 9 through the inlet opening of the support plate 10, passes through the cylindrical wall of the filter bag 9, and flows from the outlet opening of the partition plate 6c to the exhaust chamber 6a, In this process, the fine dust of earth and sand mixed in the air stream is removed by a filter action, and the bottom of the filter chamber 6 is connected to the upper part of the earth and sand collecting chamber 7 through the communication passage 12.

In the earth and sand collecting chamber 7, an earth and sand inflow port 7a is opened at a high position in the rear part, and a bellows-like vacuum duct 15 is connected to the outside of the inflow port 7a. An obliquely arranged collision plate 13 is installed at a position facing the inflow port 7a in the earth and sand collecting chamber 7 so as to be vertically movable with one end as a fulcrum, and the earth and sand sucked and introduced from the inflow port 7a is collided with the collision plate 13 by the collision plate 13. When it collides with the soil, the earth and sand having a large specific gravity fall into the lower collection chamber 7 and are collected, and the light air flow bypasses the collision plate 13 and the communication passage 12
It is configured to flow into the bottom portion of the filter chamber 6 via the. A door 14 that is opened and closed is provided at the bottom of the sediment collection chamber 7.
By opening this door 14, the collected sand at the bottom can be discharged to the outside.

On the other hand, the starting shaft D of a predetermined size is placed on the soil.
Is provided inside the shaft D, and the driving unit 21 and the excavating unit 30 are provided.
The propulsion device 20 equipped with is installed. The drive unit 21 has a support frame 22 that is horizontally fixed to the bottom of the shaft D, and an original push carriage 24 is installed on a rail 23 of this support rack 22 so as to be reciprocally movable by a hydraulic motor 25.
The excavation unit 30 is attached to the No. 4 unit. The excavation unit 30 is divided into a base unit 31 mounted on the push-pull truck 24 and a tip excavation unit 40, and is configured to sequentially connect the connection units 50 between the two in accordance with the progress of excavation.

The excavation section 30 will be described with reference to FIG. In the base portion 31, a hollow cylinder 32 is horizontally fixed to the original push cart 24, and the earth and sand suction passage 3 inside the hollow cylinder 32 is fixed.
2a is connected to the vacuum duct 15 so that it can be sucked and discharged. An air passage 32b is provided in the thick portion of the hollow cylinder 32.
Is formed, and the air hose 16 from the exhaust system of the vacuum suction blower 5 is connected to the air passage 32b so as to introduce the blower exhaust as pressurized air. In addition, the hollow cylinder 32
A digging cylinder 33 is rotatably fitted to the outer side of the hydraulic motor 35 equipped with a torque limiter 34 on the original push carriage 24.
The output shaft 36 of the torque limiter 34 is connected to the excavation cylinder 33 via gears 37 and 38, and the excavation cylinder 33 is rotated at a predetermined speed by the hydraulic motor 35, so that the underground The rotation is stopped when an excessive load is applied.

In the tip excavation section 40, the excavation cylinder 43 is rotatably fitted in the hollow cylinder 42 having the earth and sand suction passage 42a and the air passage 42b as described above. The excavating cylinder 43 has a large-diameter excavating head 41 formed at the tip thereof.
A cylindrical mouth 44 that opens in a divergent shape inside 1 is provided so as to smoothly guide the crushed earth and sand to the earth and sand suction passage 42a. Further, the air passage 4 is provided around the tip of the excavation head 41.
For example, four air pressure ports 45 communicating with 2b are opened, and the pressure air is rapidly pressurized and injected into the soil from the air ports 45, and the air force crushes the soil. Further, for example, four cutting tips 46 are provided on the outer periphery of the tip of the excavation head 41 so as to be out of phase with the fumarole 45, and the rotation of the cutting tips 46 excavates the soil in a circular shape to provide a pneumatic soil crushing function. Configured to assist.

The intermediate portion 50 has, for example, the same length as that of the tip excavating portion 40, and is similar to the above in the earth and sand suction passage 52a,
The excavation cylinder 53 is rotatably fitted in the hollow cylinder 52 having the air passage 52b, and is configured to transmit the compressed air, the vacuum suction force, and the rotation to the tip excavation section 40.

Further, the base portion 31 and the tip excavating portion 4 described above are provided.
0, the connecting portion 60 of the intermediate portion 50 will be described. A flange 61 is formed at the end of the outer digging cylinders 33, 43, 53, and the flanges 61 are joined together and connected by a fastener 62. The inner hollow cylinders 32, 42, 52 have a spline 63 formed on one inner circumference of one end, and a similar spline 65 is formed on the other end by a joint 64. The splines 63, 65 form an air passage 32b, 42b, 52
It is configured to position and connect b so as to communicate with each other.

Next, the operation of this embodiment will be described with reference to FIG. First, the truck 1 is run near the start shaft D and stopped, and the support frame 22 of the drive unit 21 of the propulsion device 20 is horizontally fixed to the bottom of the shaft D. Further, the vacuum duct 15, the air hose 16, and the hydraulic motors 25 and 35 are connected to each other so that they can be driven. Therefore, in the first horizontal hole digging, as shown in (a), the original push carriage 24 of the drive unit 21 is located in the most retracted position inside the vertical shaft D, and the tip excavation unit 40 of the excavation unit 30 is directly attached to the base unit 31 of the original push carriage 24. Are connected by the connecting portion 60, and the excavation head 41 is horizontally pressed against the soil. Then, the vacuum suction type blower 5 is operated, and at the same time, the hydraulic motor 35 is operated to rotate the base portion 31 and the excavating cylinders 33 and 43 of the tip excavating portion 40 at a predetermined speed to start excavating work.

Then, for example, the pressure air A generated by the exhaust from the vacuum suction blower 5 is introduced into the air passages 32b and 42b of the base portion 31 and the tip excavating portion 40 through the hose 16, and the pressure air A is shown in FIG. Like the drilling head 41
At high speed, it is sprayed from the fumarole 45 toward the soil B.
Therefore, the high-pressure, high-speed aerodynamic force effectively breaks down the soil that easily breaks on the soil surface, and the hard stone soil is also separated along with this. At this time, the cutting tip 46 on the outer periphery of the tip of the excavation head 41 cuts the soil B and moves rocks and the like as the excavation cylinders 33 and 43 rotate, which further promotes the above-mentioned thrusting of the soil B by air pressure. Then, it is excavated in a substantially circular shape.

At the time of this excavation, the vacuum suction force F from the vacuum suction blower 5 is applied to the sediment suction passage 32a of the communication pipe 8, the filter chamber 6, the sediment collection chamber 7, the vacuum duct 15, the base portion 31, and the tip excavation portion 40. , 42a, and the cylinder mouth 44 of the excavation head 41 to act strongly on the soil B. Therefore, the earth and sand C crushed by the excavation head 41 is immediately sucked by the vacuum suction force F. Therefore, the sediment C is easily floated and successively conveyed from the sediment suction passages 32a, 42a to the sediment collection chamber 7 through the vacuum duct 15, and is automatically discharged into the sediment collection chamber 7.

In this way, in the excavation head 41, the action of pushing the soil surface by the pressure air A and the action of discharging the crushed earth C by the vacuum suction force F simultaneously proceed,
As shown in FIG. 3B, the lateral hole E having a small diameter corresponding to the shape of the excavation head 41 is efficiently excavated. Further, at this time, the excavation unit 30 is sequentially moved forward together with the original push cart 24 by the hydraulic motor 25 in accordance with the excavation state, whereby the tip excavation unit 40 moves forward while excavating in the soil B at a predetermined speed to make a horizontal hole excavation. Is promoted.

After that, substantially the entire length of the tip excavation part 40 is in the soil B.
Once inside, the excavation work is temporarily stopped, the base portion 31 of the excavation portion 30 and the connecting portion 60 of the tip end excavation portion 40 are removed, and the original push cart 24 is moved to the most retracted position again. Then, as shown in FIG. 3C, the intermediate portion 5 is provided between the base portion 31 and the tip excavating portion 40.
The hollow cylinder 52 of 0 and the excavation cylinder 53 are connected to each other, and the work is restarted in this state. Then, the excavation head 41 of the tip excavation section 40 is moved to the air passage 52b of the intermediate section 50 as described above.
The compressed air A is introduced through the suction hole 52a, the vacuum suction force F acts through the earth and sand suction passage 52a, the cutting tip 46 rotates through the excavation cylinder 53, and the cutting tip 46 is further moved forward. Therefore, the excavation head 41 further crushes the soil B and further horizontally moves in the soil B while sucking and discharging the soil C, and the horizontal hole digging is continuously promoted. Then, thereafter, each time the entire length of the intermediate portion 50 is fed, another intermediate portion 50 is connected and added, so that the horizontal hole digging is further promoted and the horizontal hole E having a small diameter is dug.

When the cutting tip 46 of the tip of the excavating head 41 hits an existing buried object or the like during the above-described horizontal hole digging work, an excessive load in this case is applied to the torque limiter 34 via the excavating cylinders 33, 43 and the like. Excavating cylinder 33, 43
Stops rotating. Therefore, the propulsion of the excavation section 30 is automatically stopped, and the destruction or damage of the buried object is prevented.

The embodiments of the present invention have been described above, but the present invention is not limited to these.

[0023]

As described above, according to the present invention,
Since it is possible to efficiently excavate a small-diameter lateral hole using the pneumatic soil excavation method, it is suitable for burying various underground pipelines. Soil is crushed by pressure air and cutting chips, and the crushed earth and sand is propelled while being discharged by vacuum suction force, so it does not generate noise or adversely affect the surrounding soil quickly and reliably. Lateral holes can be excavated, and earth removal can be performed reliably and smoothly. Therefore, the lateral holes are well promoted and the working efficiency can be improved. Since the structure is such that the soil is positively crushed by the compressed air and the cutting tip, it can be applied even when the soil is hard. Since the torque limiter is attached to the drive system of the cutting tip, it is possible to prevent damage to the existing buried object, and the safety is high.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a side view showing an embodiment of a horizontal excavation device according to the present invention in a partial cross section.

FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view showing a configuration of an excavation unit.

FIG. 3 is an explanatory diagram showing a state of excavation and promotion of a lateral hole.

[Explanation of symbols]

 5 Vacuum suction blower 7 Sediment collection chamber 20 Propulsion device 21 Drive part 30 Excavation part 31 Base part 40 Tip excavation part 41 Excavation head 44 Cylindrical opening 45 Fume nozzle 50 Intermediate part 60 Connection part 32, 42, 52 Hollow cylinder 33, 43, 53 Excavator

Claims (3)

[Claims] 1. A vacuum suction blower, a sediment collection chamber provided in communication with the suction path of the blower, and a soil collection chamber and an exhaust side of a high-pressure air source, which are connected to each other and installed inside a starting shaft of soil. A drive unit and an excavation unit horizontally mounted on the drive unit. The excavation unit has a tip excavation unit with respect to a base unit mounted on the drive unit and an intermediate unit according to the progress of excavation. It is configured to extend horizontally by adding
The excavation head at the tip of this tip excavation unit has a fumarole for jetting pressurized air into the soil at high speed to crush it, a cylinder port for sucking and discharging the crushed earth and sand by vacuum suction force, and a cutting tip for rotating and cutting the soil. A horizontal drilling rig characterized by being provided. 2. The drive unit comprises a support cradle horizontally fixed inside the starting shaft, and a push-pull truck sequentially advances the excavation unit as the excavation progresses, and retreats to add an intermediate portion. The horizontal excavating device according to claim 1, wherein the horizontal excavating device is mounted as described above. 3. In the excavation section, a hollow tube is horizontally fixed to a drive section by a base section, the earth and sand suction passage of the hollow tube is connected to a earth and sand collecting chamber, and the air passage is connected to an exhaust side of a blower. The excavation cylinder is rotatably fitted to the cylinder, and the tip excavation part is rotatably fitted to the hollow cylinder having the earth and sand suction passage and the air passage. Mouth, tube mouth, and cutting tip are provided, and the middle part is configured by rotatably fitting the excavating cylinder to a hollow cylinder having a sediment suction passage and an air passage. The connection is made in a straight line.
Horizontal drilling rig as described.