JPH04327505A - Control of disease and insect damage - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To accomplish control without causing both water and air pollutions with no virtual use of any toxic pesticide. CONSTITUTION:The objective control is characterized by the following: (1) an anaerobically fermented, pH-adjusted compost is applied on the surface of crop-raising ground, (2) a soil region near the ground surface is made rich in roots, (3) the cuticular layer of crop surface skin is made thick, and (4) a film-forming agent such as of paraffin is applied on the cuticular layer to such a thickness as to be breathable for the crop and hard to control disease-causing bacteria and insect pests with such agent alone but capable of controlling disease injuries synergistically with the cuticular layer, thus forming a double layer film comprised of the cuticular layer and paraffin.

Description

[Detailed description of the invention]

0001

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a method for controlling pests and diseases.

0002

[Prior Art and Problems] Conventional methods for controlling pests and diseases involve spraying on the surface of crops, etc., insecticides that poison insects and fungicides that poison pathogens. However, most pesticides such as fungicides and insecticides are harmful to humans, who are also living organisms. Currently, water pollution from pesticides at water sources, fish farms, and golf courses and farms upstream of residential areas is becoming a problem. Therefore, there has been a need for a non-polluting method for preventing pests and diseases. On the other hand, methane gas is generated during anaerobic fermentation of organic matter and damages crop roots. It is particularly generated in rice paddies, and it is said that a quarter of the world's methane gas comes from rice paddies in Asia. Even in Japan's hot and humid climate, such as field farming and golf courses, organic farming methods that use a lot of organic matter can damage the roots of crops. Methane gas has a global warming effect 20 times that of carbon dioxide gas, and is said to take about 10 years to disappear naturally, and is said to account for more than 20% of the global warming effect of carbon dioxide gas. There are ways to use methane gas as fuel, but ideally it would be better to use fuel cells to convert methane gas into water and electricity to produce compost that does not pollute the air.

0003

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The object of the present invention is to control pests and diseases with little or no use of toxic agricultural chemicals and without causing water or air pollution.

[0004] The present invention aims at 1) applying anaerobically fermented pH-adjusted compost to the ground surface of crop cultivation areas, 2) increasing the amount of roots in the soil near the ground surface, and 3) increasing the amount of roots in the cuticle of the crop body surface. 4) A coating agent such as paraffin is thin enough for the plant to breathe, and it is difficult to prevent pathogens and pests with a coating agent alone, but it has a synergistic effect with the cuticle coating. A method for controlling pests and diseases, which is characterized in that it is sprayed to a thickness that can control pests and diseases, thereby forming a double film of cuticle and paraffin.

Regarding the feature 1), conventional compost has been produced by aerobic fermentation of animal and plant compost materials. In conventional aerobic fermentation compost, the generation of methane gas is unavoidable even in fully ripened compost that has been turned over sufficiently. The present invention is based on the patent application filed by the present applicant.
The anaerobic fermentation pH-adjusted compost described in No. (filed on April 20, 1991) is used. The anaerobically fermented pH-adjusted compost contains a compost raw material obtained by anaerobically fermenting animal and plant compost materials to remove methane gas, and a pH-adjusting compost raw material that adjusts the pH of this compost raw material, and has a pH value of 3 to 11. This compost is characterized by having a value depending on the crop to which it is applied. The pH-adjusting compost raw material is selected from the group consisting of alkaline compost raw materials such as soybean meal, lime, etc., and acidic compost raw materials such as humic acid fertilizer, peat moss, slag, coral chips, bone meal, etc. To the best of the applicant's knowledge, compost from which methane gas has been removed by anaerobic fermentation is not yet known.

Materials for anaerobic fermentation include conventional animal products such as nitrogen-rich animal excrement, sewage and pond sludge, vegetable waste, household and hotel garbage, rice and wheat straw, grass, etc.
There are conventional vegetable sources such as golf course grass clippings. In order to adjust the pH and make it acidic, increase the proportion of acidic raw materials such as corrosive acid fertilizer and peat moss. In order to adjust the pH and make it alkaline, increase the proportion of alkaline raw materials such as soybean meal, lime, silica, blast furnace slag, converter slag, coral chips, and bone meal. For rice plants, golf course grass, etc. that require slightly acidic conditions, a pH of 6.5 is the general target. For example, for golf course grass, 40% by weight of peat moss, 20% by weight of soybean meal and 40% by weight of chicken manure are mixed. The amount used is 100 kg to 200 kg per 10 acres, divided into 1 to 4 times a year.

Regarding the characteristics of 2), when anaerobically fermented pH-adjusted compost with a pH suitable for crops is applied to the ground surface, it will be eluted by rainwater, sprinkled water, moisture in the air, etc., and the roots of the crops will have the optimum pH and fertilizer content. It is abundant near the ground surface. Conventional compost is not used for pH adjustment;
For H adjustment, highly alkaline lime or the like was used alone. The present invention is a new invention in which the compost itself is adjusted to a pH suitable for each crop. The present invention is applied to the ground surface to create an optimal environment for crop roots, and if the ground temperature is appropriate, the roots will rise close to the ground surface. Anaerobic fermentation pH compost removes methane gas, so underground roots are not damaged and healthy roots persist in the upper layer of cultivated soil. Rooting is difficult in the middle and lower layers of cultivated soil because the pH is not adjusted. The organic matter in compost decomposes quickly, but the inorganic matter that helps adjust pH decomposes slowly, and also serves to protect roots on the ground surface from light.

Regarding the characteristics of 3), if you apply anaerobically fermented pH-adjusted compost and it rains or is irrigated, the leaves will become glossy in about 10 days. As the amount of roots near the ground increases, the cuticle of the plant's epidermis becomes thicker. When the cuticle thickens, the surfaces of leaves such as rice, golf course grass, and tangerine become so hard that they make a metallic sound when touched. If you look at grass or tangerine leaves up close, they will look pale green, but if you look at them from a distance, their cuticles will be thicker and there will be more wax on the surface, which reflects light and makes them appear darker green. Crop diseases often occur when pathogenic bacteria take root in the stomata of leaves and propagate parasitically, but in crops grown using anaerobic fermentation and pH-adjusted compost, the thickened cuticle blocks the pathogenic bacteria and prevents them from rooting in the stomata. , unable to reproduce. The parasitic pathogens will eventually die as well. In conventional cultivation, the cuticle is thin, so small pests such as oilseed bugs, mites, and scale insects dissolve the cuticle on the surface of the crop with their saliva, and then directly absorb nutrients from the crop. However, the anaerobic fermentation pH of the present invention
It becomes difficult to take away nutrients from leaves of crops that have thickened cuticles due to the application of prepared compost. Mites on mandarin oranges, tea leaves, azaleas, etc. die within a few days after application and are unlikely to appear for a long period of time.

Regarding the feature 4), the coating agent should be non-polluting, and should be thin so as not to interfere with the respiration of the crops, but without continuous cracks. The outer membrane, which is thin enough to allow crops to breathe, cannot control pests and diseases on its own, but it can do so by acting synergistically with the inner membrane of the cuticle. A thick outer film is required to control pests and diseases using a coating agent alone, but if the coating agent is applied thickly, it will be difficult for the crop to breathe, and at high temperatures it will cause problems such as sunburn on leaves and fruits. may wither and die. In the case of the present invention, since the inner membrane of the cuticle is thick, even the thin outer membrane of the coating agent synergistically reinforces the inner membrane, preventing pests from dissolving the cuticle with saliva and absorbing nutrients from the crop.

[0010] Since the coating agent thinly covers the pores, it prevents pathogenic bacteria from taking root in the pores and propagating parasitically. Therefore, it works synergistically with the thickened cuticle layer to completely control pathogenic bacteria. The formation of a double coating synergistically enhances the pest control effect, so high temperature damage is unlikely to occur even when used in summer or greenhouse cultivation. As coating agents, natural wood wax, carnauba wax, paraffin made from petroleum, etc. are used. Taking carnauba wax as an example of a coating agent, carnauba wax is produced in Brazil and consists of a fatty acid having 16 to 34 carbon atoms and alcohol. For use, prepare a stock solution by mixing 24.0% carnauba wax, water and 76.0% (by weight) of a trace amount of surfactant, and add 4.0% of this solution per 10a.
Dilute with 100 to 400 times the amount of water and spray.

[0011]

EXAMPLES The present invention will now be explained in more detail with reference to examples. Example 1 Peat moss 40% by weight, soybean meal 20% by weight and chicken manure 40%
% to pH 6.5 and in a sealed room at 35°C.
Anaerobic fermentation was performed for 0 days to produce anaerobic compost. An experimental area and a control area were set up on Korai grass at a golf course in Hokkaido, and this compost was applied to the experimental area in March, May, July, and September at a rate of 400 kg (100 kg per 10 a), and to the control area. I didn't give it. 2kg/10a in the experimental and control areas in September
Each coating agent was diluted 200 times with water and applied. As a result, snow rot occurred in the control plot, but not at all in the test plot.

0012

[Effects of the Invention] The present invention can control pests and diseases without using almost any toxic agricultural chemicals and without causing water pollution or air pollution.

Claims (1)

[Claims] Claim 1: 1) apply anaerobically fermented pH-adjusted compost to the ground surface of crop cultivation areas, 2) increase the amount of roots in the soil near the ground surface, and 3) increase the amount of roots in the cuticle of the crop body epidermis ), and 4) apply a coating agent such as paraffin to a thickness that allows plants to breathe, and which is difficult to protect against pathogens and pests with a coating agent alone, but by synergistically working with the cuticle coating. A method for controlling pests and diseases, which is characterized by spraying to a thickness sufficient to control pests and diseases, and forming a double film of cuticle and paraffin.