JPH0253004B2 - - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to methods for cultivating and cultivating mushrooms such as shiitake and oyster mushrooms, and to artificial mulberry trees.

Conventionally, for cultivating shiitake mushrooms, oyster mushrooms, etc., logs of oak, Japanese chinquapin, beech, oak, etc. with a diameter of 7 to 20 cm have been cut into pieces of about 100 cm in length and used as mulch. However, it is becoming increasingly difficult to obtain the raw wood used for these products year by year as demand increases.

For this reason, there are artificial mushroom beds (mushroom cultivation beds) made by mixing sawdust and rice bran. However, the obtained material is hardened in a fish box, etc., and is used for cultivating nameko mushrooms and pine mushrooms, but mushrooms can only be cultivated on flat surfaces.
There were problems such as the stem part of the mushroom growing more rapidly than the cap part of the mushroom, making it unsuitable for cultivating mushrooms such as shiitake and oyster mushrooms whose cap part is marketable. .

In addition, when culturing mushroom fungi using artificial mulch according to these prior art techniques, it had to be carried out in a sterile room and large-scale equipment was required. In addition, because artificial hollywood does not have a bark layer, it is vulnerable to rain and wind, making it unsuitable for outdoor cultivation.

The present invention solves these conventional techniques, and
Costs are low due to effective use of resources,
Cultivation can be carried out in plastic film bags or containers without being affected by germs, so there is no need for a large-scale sterile room, and once cultured, the plants can be grown outdoors in the same way as natural sycamores. It is possible.

The artificial tree according to the present invention uses a culture medium consisting of sawdust, a nutrient base for adding nutrients, calcined plaster, etc.
It is made of artificial bark consisting of a plaster layer and a porous sheet layer and is shaped into a log, column, or plate shape.

The sawdust used in the present invention includes sawdust of oak, oak, beech, Japanese oak, etc., planer shavings, sugarcane pomace, wood chips for papermaking raw materials, etc., either singly or in combination of two or more.

In addition to sawdust, the culture medium is supplemented with nutrients such as rice, barley, and corn, starches such as wheat flour, rice flour, and cornstarch, and polysaccharides such as glucose and sugar as nutritional bases to enhance mushroom growth. It is preferable to leave it there. If the amount of nutrient additive is too small, the growth of mushrooms will be poor, and if it is too large, there will be too much nutrients, which will not only be uneconomical but also increase the risk of breeding of various bacteria.
It is preferable to add 25 parts by weight.

In addition, the baking powder is used to bind and fix the culture medium to each other and neutralize the organic acids generated during the growth of mushroom fungi to maintain a better growth environment for mushroom fungi. If too much or too little, the growth rate of mushrooms will deteriorate, so it is preferable to add 3 to 10 parts by weight per 100 parts by weight of sawdust.

The gypsum layer and porous sheet layer used as the artificial bark allow mushroom fungi to adhere well to the artificial mulberry tree, and also enable mushroom cultivation outdoors in the same way as with natural mulberry tree. If the thickness of the plaster layer constituting the artificial bark is too thick or too thin, mushroom fungi will not take hold of it and the growth of mushrooms will be impaired. Good.

In addition, the porous sheet layer protects the plaster layer and enhances the attachment of mushroom bacteria, and is relatively flexible, such as pulp molding sheet, cardboard, Japanese paper, cardboard, and non-woven fabric, and has breathability and water resistant properties. It is preferable to use a porous sheet with coarse pores that allow the calcined plaster made into a paste to penetrate into the porous sheet. In particular, a sheet made from natural fibers such as pulp is particularly preferable because it allows mushrooms to take root well. The thickness of the porous sheet layer should be sufficient to protect the plaster layer, and a thickness of about 0.5 to 5 mm is sufficient.

The method for providing the artificial bark on the culture medium is not particularly limited, but the culture medium is molded into a desired shape such as a log shape using a compression molding machine or the like. Separately, a layer of calcined plaster made of paste with water is applied to one side of the porous sheet, and the surface is covered with the plaster layer on the inside (culture substrate side) to form an artificial bark layer. method is used. Further, the plaster layer may be formed in several layers alternating with porous sheets, or the porous sheet layer may be embedded in the plaster layer. In addition, the artificial bark layer is
It is preferable to cover the entire surface of the culture medium, but in reality, it is not necessary to cover the whole surface so that there is no bark on the cut ends of both ends like with natural Japanese oak, but at least an artificial bark layer can be formed on the mushroom cultivation surface. I have to let it happen.

Next, the method for culturing and cultivating mushroom fungi of the present invention will be described. The plastic film bag or container for culturing mushroom fungi used in the present invention can withstand heat sterilization,
It only needs to be strong enough not to be damaged by the artificial wood inserted, and a container such as a film bag made of polyester, polyethylene, polypropylene, or nylon with a thickness of about 30 to 150 μm, a plastic container, or a metal box is used. A part of the plastic bag or container is equipped with a bacteria filter that is impermeable to bacteria and breathable. Examples of bacteria filters include microporous film, nonwoven fabric, compressed urethane foam sheets, resin-treated paper, fiber cloth, etc. However, a plastic microporous film having an average pore diameter of 0.1 to 1 μm is preferred because it is not affected by moisture, allows sufficient ventilation, and completely blocks out germs.

If the size of the germ filter is too small, ventilation will be insufficient, and if it is too large, the moisture in the artificial mulch will dry out, so it should be
The size is preferably 0.5 to 100 cm ² , more preferably 0.5 to 10 cm ² .

The artificial hollywood obtained by the present invention can be used in the same way as normal natural hollywood, but if the above part is cultured in a plastic film bag or container that is impermeable to germs and has air permeability, Since there is no contamination with germs and mushroom fungi take hold well, it is possible to grow mushrooms that are as good as natural mushrooms. In addition, when culturing mushroom fungi on artificial mushrooms in bags or containers, use partition plates to prevent the artificial mushrooms from coming into contact with each other. This is advantageous because it solves the problem (the root breakage of mycelium tends to occur when separating into individual saplings). Furthermore, when inoculating artificial mulberry trees, it is possible to make a hole in the bark and drive in the seed seeds in the same way as with natural mulberry trees. If you put a mushroom culture promotion sheet in contact with the top or bottom of a tree, preferably on the culture substrate surface without artificial bark, and then sterilize it, and then inoculate the mushroom culture promotion sheet with mushroom fungi, you can save a lot of labor. Not only is it possible to do this, but it is also preferable because the mycelium spreads quickly into the artificial tree.
This mushroom culture promoting sheet is a porous sheet similar to that used for the artificial bark layer, and nutritional sources such as glucose and starch may be added as necessary.

Next, embodiments of the present invention will be described.

Example 80 parts by weight of oak sawdust, 15 parts by weight of rice bran, 5 parts by weight of roasted gypsum powder, and 2 parts by weight of glucose were mixed, the moisture content was adjusted to 63%, and the mixture was mixed with a diameter of 10 cm and a length of 50 cm.
A culture medium was obtained by compression molding into a cm log. Furthermore, a paste-like calcined plaster of about 3 mm thick is applied to one side of a pulp molding sheet of about 2 mm thick, and the above culture medium is wrapped in a sushi roll shape with the plaster side inside to form artificial bark. Then, four artificial trees were obtained one after another. This is made into a microporous film (product name: Jyuraguard) with an effective area of ^30cm2 .
(manufactured by Celanese, USA) was installed as a germ filter. Place it in a polypropylene film bag with a fold width of 50 cm, a bag length of 100 cm, and a thickness of 60μ, and then place a pulp molding sheet (product name, Pillo Sheet) approximately 2 mm thick, 12 cm wide, and 12 cm long on the cut surface of the artificial wood end. ,
Mushroom culture promotion sheets made by Kyusan Paper Co., Ltd.) were placed one on top of the other, steam sterilized at approximately 120°C for 3 hours, and after cooling, shiitake bacteria were inoculated onto the top of the mushroom culture promotion sheets, and the sheets were placed on top of a plastic film bag. After the opening was sealed, bacteria were cultured under normal conditions.

After about 70 days, the surface of the artificial mushroom was covered with white mycelia, so we opened the top of the plastic bag and cultivated it outdoors for another 35 days at a temperature of 13 to 18 degrees Celsius. Approximately 1.5 kg of shiitake mushrooms measuring 5 to 7 cm were obtained. These shiitake mushrooms had large and uniform cap diameters, thick caps, and were of better quality than those made from natural shiitake.

Claims (1)

[Scope of Claims] 1. An artificial tree characterized by comprising a culture medium containing sawdust as a main component, a layer consisting only of plaster of 1 to 8 mm, and an artificial bark which is a porous sheet layer. 2. In a plastic film bag or container that has a germ filter part that is partially impermeable to germs and air permeable, put a culture medium mainly composed of sawdust, and 1
A layer of ~8 mm of plaster only and a porous sheet layer of artificial bark made of artificial bark are placed, sterilized, and inoculated with mushroom fungi.The plastic film bag or container is then sealed and cultured. Characteristic mushroom culture and cultivation methods. 3. The scope of claim 1, characterized in that inoculation of mushroom fungi is carried out by contacting a cut end of a mushroom tree with a mushroom culture promoting sheet, or by directly applying the fungus species. Mushroom culture and cultivation method in Section 2.