JPS59159716A - Artificial seeding log and mushroom culturing method - Google Patents

Abstract

(57) [Summary] This bulletin contains application data before electronic filing, so abstract data is not recorded.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to an artificial mushroom tree used for cultivating mushrooms such as shiitake, and a method for cultivating mushrooms.

Conventionally, for cultivating shiitake mushrooms and the like, logs of oak, beech, Japanese chinquapin, oak, etc. are cut into lengths of about 50 mm and made into wood. However, it has become difficult to obtain natural logs of these Hoda trees, and since the logs are too young or too old, it is impossible to grow mushrooms, and it is also difficult to adjust the moisture content. there were. There is also a box filled with sawdust and rice bran, etc., and molded into an artificial hoda tree (mushroom cultivation bed). However, this method has the disadvantage that only the upper part of the box can be cultivated, resulting in extremely low usage efficiency.Furthermore, it is easy to be contaminated with various bacteria during the cultivation of mushroom fungi, which poses problems in handling. In addition, since mushrooms are grown on a flat surface, the legs (stem) of the mushroom grow faster than the cap, so the cap cannot be used to cultivate shiitake mushrooms, which have commercial value. There was also a drawback.

The present inventor has conducted intensive research to solve the drawbacks of the prior art, and has determined the most preferable shape and configuration of artificial wood.
In addition, he discovered a method for cultivating mushrooms using the artificial tree.

The present invention provides a method for cultivating mushrooms such as shiitake mushrooms by using 3 to 10 parts by weight of calcined plaster inside a porous sheet tube with a diameter of 4 to 3 ocrn, and this artificial hoda tree at 60 to 9 degrees.

The porous tube used in the present invention is a tube-shaped porous sheet made of nonwoven fabric, pulp molded sheet, woven fabric, porous plastic sheet, waterproof paper, etc., and is sufficient to fill the medium with nutrient groups. strength and
A material that is strong enough to withstand wet use and has sufficient air permeability is used. In particular, the pore size of the porous sheet does not need to be so small that bacteria and other germs cannot pass through (A41 or less), but preferably large enough to prevent poisonous substrates from spilling out. Mushrooms grow well because of good ventilation. Further, the size of the tube is preferably about 4 to 3' Ocm in diameter, because if it is too small, high-quality mushrooms will not be obtained, and if it is too large, the yield of mushrooms per volume of the artificial hoda tree will be poor. Both ends of the tube can be sealed or left open as long as the culture medium does not spill.

Methods for making a porous sheet into a tube shape include, but are not limited to, sewing with thread, joining with adhesive, laminating and molding two or more layers in a spiral shape similar to the manufacturing method used for paper tubes, heating, etc. Methods such as gluing are used. The length of the sweetfish is not particularly limited, but a length of about 30 to 100 crn provides good handling and workability. Alternatively, a tube filled with a culture medium may be formed into a thin rectangular shape to serve as an artificial fungal bed for cultivating namecots and the like.

The nutrient base used in the present invention can be a resting base used in normal bottle cultivation or bag cultivation, but it is more preferable to use a 3- to 10-layer sintered stone base. It is better to add it. The reason for this is to bind and fix sawdust and bran, as well as neutralize harmful organic acids generated during the growth of mushroom fungi and promote normal growth of mushroom fungi.If the amount added is too small, Ineffective,
If the amount is too large, the growth rate of 3(-) will be inhibited. In addition, the sawdust mixed into the culture medium may include sawdust from oak, beech, oak, Japanese chinquapin, etc., as well as chips for paper valves, pulp fibers, and planer shavings. , sugarcane pomace, etc. may be used alone or in a mixture of two or more kinds. If the amount added is too large or too small, the yield of mushroom cultivation will decrease, so 60 to 90 parts by weight is particularly preferable.

In addition, the bran added to the culture medium includes grain bran such as rice, wheat, and corn, as well as a small amount of wheat flour and polysaccharides such as glucose and sugar. If the amount added is too small, there will be a lack of nutrients for mushroom growth, resulting in slow mushroom growth and a decrease in mushroom cultivation yield; if it is too large, the amount of nutrients will be too much, which will not only be uneconomical but also cause harmful bacteria. The amount is preferably 10 to 30 parts by weight since the risk of multiplication of these substances increases.

A method of providing a culture medium with the above components inside a porous tube is to form the culture medium into a rod shape or square by adding water, heating, pressurizing, etc. and inserting it into the porous tube. Alternatively, the culture medium may also be enclosed at the same time when the porous sheet is formed into a tube shape. Furthermore, if the moisture content in the culture medium is too high or too low, the growth of mushrooms will be impaired, so it is preferable to adjust the moisture content to 50 to 70%.

Next, a method for cultivating mushrooms using the artificial tree of the present invention will be described. After adjusting the moisture content and sterilizing the artificial Hoda tree,
Mushroom fungi are inoculated and cultured in a plastic film bag or container that partially has a porous film that is breathable and impermeable to bacteria. The reason for this is that although the surface layer of the artificial wood of the present invention is covered with porous sorting,
If the porous sheet is wet, it is easy for bacteria to invade, so the artificial tree that has been inoculated with mushroom fungi is partially made of bacteria-impermeable and breathable material until the surface is covered with white mycelia. It is preferable that the mushroom culture is carried out inside a plastic bag having a certain porous film portion. The reason for this is that artificial Hoda trees are not covered with thick bark like natural Hoda trees, so it is necessary to prevent the invasion of various bacteria.
The practical effect is to enable the generation of hyphae to occur more efficiently and quickly, and to prevent water evaporation from the artificial wood. Furthermore, once the surface of the artificial Hoda wood is covered with white mycelia, it is highly resistant to bacteria (and there is less concern about moisture evaporation).
When cultivating hyphae → mushrooms, a larger amount of air is required for growth, so part or all of the plastic bag is cut open or the container lid is opened. Although there are no particular limitations on how the artificial trees are arranged during cultivation, it is preferable that the artificial trees do not come into contact with each other by leaning them up as much as possible. The material of the container used for mushroom cultivation in the artificial mushroom cultivation of the present invention is not particularly limited, such as wood or plastic, but plastic film bags are relatively heat-resistant and high-quality, such as polypropylene, polyethylene, polyvinyl chloride, and polyester. It is made of a film having a strength of 10 to 150 microns and is shaped into a bag, and the size of the bag is preferably large enough to hold 1 to 20 artificial Hoda trees. Further, as the germ-impermeable and breathable porous material provided in a part of the plastic bag, microporous film, high-density nonwoven fabric, open-cell urethane foam, water-repellent paper, and the like are used. If the size of the porous material is too small, the amount of air ventilation will be insufficient, and if it is too large, the evaporation of water will be excessive. It may be provided in one place or divided into several places.

Next, examples of the present invention will be described.

Example 1 5 parts by weight of calcined plaster powder and 8 parts by weight of oak sawdust were placed inside a tube of non-woven fabric made of polyethylene long fibers (trade name, Tybake, manufactured by DuPont, USA) with a diameter of 8 crn and a length of 30 cm.
A mixed culture medium consisting of 0 parts by weight and 15 parts by weight of rice bran was packed, and the mixture was further hydrated with a small amount of an aqueous solution of 3% glucose and 3% maltose to adjust the water content to about 63% to obtain an artificial Hoda tree. The bag length is 50 cm using an oriyama 15 crn equipped with a porous film with an effective area of 10 CF/I and a microporous film (product name: Duraguard, manufactured by Celanese Corporation, USA).
Place it in a polypropylene film bag with a thickness of 60 μm and steam sterilize it at about 100℃ for 3 hours using CRN. After cooling, inoculate the top of the artificial Hoda tree with Shiitake fungi and open the top of the plastic bag.
After sealing the container, bacterial culture was carried out under normal conditions.

After about 701 months, the surface of the artificial hoda tree was covered with white mycelium, so the top of the plastic bag was opened and cultivation was continued for another 30 days at a temperature of 15°C, resulting in about 4007 shiitake mushrooms with a mushroom cap diameter of about 66 nm. Obtained. These shiitake mushrooms were of extremely high quality, with large and uniform cap diameters, thick caps, and short mushroom legs. In addition, the total period of cultivation to cultivation of mushrooms was shortened by about 80 times compared to the case of natural Hoda wood.

Example 2 A culture medium similar to that used in Example 1 was filled inside a paper tube made from a pulp molding sheet (trade name: Pillo Sheet, manufactured by Kusan Paper Industries) with a diameter of 11 Qn, a length of 30 cnT, and a thickness of 2 mm. Then, an aqueous solution containing 3% maltose and 3% glucose was added to adjust the moisture content to about 65% to obtain 4 artificial Poda trees. The effective area of the four artificial Hoda trees obtained is 3.
Oriyama 50 with 0ca polyethylene microporous film (trade name, FI)-1, manufactured by Asahi Kasei Kogyo ■)
cm s Put in a high-density polyethylene film bag with bag length 60α and film thickness 70μ, steam sterilize at about 98°C for 35 hours, cool, inoculate the artificial Hoda tree with shiitake fungus, and seal the opening of the bag. As in Example 1, Shiitake fungi were cultured, and after white mycelia were generated, the top of the bag was opened and cultivation was carried out. As in Example 1, extremely high quality Shiitake mushrooms were obtained by culturing using conventional techniques. It was obtained in a shorter period than the cultivation period and without contamination by bacteria.

In addition, the artificial Hoda tree of the present invention has a shape with a thickness of 5 to 10
When formed into a rectangular shape of m, it is preferable as a so-called artificial fungal bed used for cultivating mushrooms such as Nameko mushrooms, which are suitable for cultivation on flat beds.The fungal bed itself is shaped like a strip, so there is no need for a box or the like, making it easy to handle. Sex is easy. Furthermore, high quality mushrooms can be cultivated with high productivity.

As mentioned above, the artificial tree of the present invention can be mass-produced at low cost without being affected by the supply of natural resources, and can be easily inoculated with mushroom fungi. In addition, by cultivating mushrooms in plastic bags or containers, it is possible to grow a large amount of high-quality mushrooms in a very short growing period, and while being easy to handle, mushrooms can be grown without being contaminated by bacteria. .

Patent applicant Compex Ltd.

Claims (1)

[Claims] (]) 3 to 10 parts by weight of plaster and 60 to 90 parts by weight of a porous tube with a diameter of 4 to 30 cTn.
11:mm, an artificial Hoda tree characterized by being provided with a culture medium containing 10 to 30 parts by weight of bran as a main component. (2) The artificial boda tree according to claim 1, wherein the porous tube is selected from a nonwoven fabric, a pulp molded sheet, and a fiber woven fabric. (3) After adjusting the moisture content to 50 to 70% of artificial wood with a culture medium mainly composed of calcined plaster, sawdust, and bran inside a porous tube, sterilizing it, and inoculating it with mushroom fungi, A method for cultivating mushrooms, which is characterized by culturing them aseptically in a plastic film bag or container having a part impermeable to germs and a porous film part that is air permeable.