JP2997442B2 - Breeding floor and breeding method of pre-emergence beetles - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

[Industrial applications]

[0002] The present invention relates to a breeding floor and a breeding method for pre-emergence beetles.

[0003] Insects, especially beetles, such as giant stag beetle, saw-toothed stag beetle, and fly stag beetle have a unique attractive male figure and high marketability. In particular, for Okuwagata, a slight difference in size directly leads to a large difference in market value. The present invention relates to a breeding bed and a breeding method used for breeding pre-emergence larvae of beetles, mainly stag beetles.

[0004]

[Prior art]

Conventionally, breeding of larvae of beetles, particularly stag beetles, has been carried out by mat breeding methods, decay material breeding methods, mycelium culture body breeding methods, and the like.

[0006] Among them, the mycelial culture breeding method has emerged relatively recently, and the mycelial culture breeding method, ie, plant remains or plant fiber disintegration, natural or artificial soil, additives, nutrients, moisture, etc. A mushroom mycelium culture medium is filled in a shieldable container, and mushroom seeds are inoculated into the culture medium to grow hyphae, which is used as a breeding bed for larvae.

[0007]

【task to solve】

[0008] The mat breeding method uses a soil made of deciduous wood or humus as a breeding floor mat. The production cost of the breeding floor can be reduced, but the nutrients necessary for the growth of larvae are scarce. There was a problem that it was difficult to obtain a good-sized adult.

[0009] In the method of raising decayed wood, the larvae eat decayed wood, which is a hard bait, which promotes the development of stag beetle jaws and male horns, and can produce a small but firm and well-shaped one. However, it has been a problem that nutrients required for larval growth tend to be insufficient, large adults cannot be obtained easily, and breeding is troublesome.

Compared with the above two conventional techniques, the method of breeding hyphal cultures is a large adult having a considerable body length because of the large amount of nutrients required by the larva. However, on the other hand, the width of the body is narrow, it is difficult to become a good shape, and because the growth of mycelia is accompanied by a hydrolytic action, the inside of the breeding bed becomes excessively wet, in other words, infiltrated, and when the pupa becomes an adult, water is lost. There was a problem that the pupa chamber was crushed due to death due to infiltration or the fragility of the breeding floor, which resulted in the appearance of many adult malformations.

[0011] In order to solve such a problem, it has been attempted to form a drain hole at the bottom of the breeding floor container in order to improve the water infiltration state. There is a problem that bacteria harmful to mycelial growth and larval growth can easily enter from the drain hole.

In view of the above problems, the present invention stably evolves beetles, especially stag beetles, by a simple method without causing death or malformation and has a considerable body length. It is an object of the present invention to provide a breeding floor and a breeding method for obtaining adult adults.

[0013]

Means for Solving the Problems The present invention provides, as a main means for solving the above-mentioned problems, a method for cultivating a bed of pre-emergence beetles by using plant remains, plant fiber disintegration, natural or artificial soil, additives, nutrients, moisture, etc. A composed mushroom mycelium medium ,
Filled with records in the shielding can be container, oyster mushrooms in said medium,
To cultivate inoculated mycelia rot mushrooms inoculum such as shiitake, without drilling the pooled water removing hole in the bottom of the container, and備設moisture absorption means container under the breeding bed, the rearing bed
Lumps or chipped decayed wood or woody plant remains
And the lumpy or chip-like rotten wood or
Emerging woody plant remains are porous wood materials that are highly hygroscopic
The above-mentioned massive or chipped decay on the breeding floor of the beetle
If the body of a tree or woody plant is dried,
Lump or chip-like rotten wood or wood in the dry state
The plant remains constitute the above-mentioned moisture absorbing means.

The dried lump or chip form
Decayed wood or woody plant remains can be both a means of absorbing moisture and a solution to the problem of growing good-quality adults. If the porous wood has a sinusoidal portion slightly larger than the beetle pupa chamber, it can be a means of solving problems for preservation of the pupa chamber.

On the breeding floor serving as a means for solving such a problem, stag beetles, particularly larvae of giant stag beetles having high marketability, are bred. The rotting mushroom species fungus is then inoculated into a medium that will later serve as a breeding bed for larvae and matured in an appropriate environment, that is, the hyphae are satisfactorily grown, and the occurrence of fruiting bodies or the formation of fruiting body primordia is achieved. When it becomes visible, stag beetle larvae are transplanted to it.

[0016] The stag beetle, especially the larva of the large stag beetle, which has high marketability, is bred on the breeding bed as a means for solving the problem. The decay fungus inoculated into a culture medium which is later used as a breeding bed for larvae and matured under appropriate environment, that is, the mycelium is satisfactorily grown, and the occurrence of fruiting bodies or the formation of fruiting body primordia becomes visible. At this point, stag beetle larvae are transplanted to it.

In a breeding floor typically made of the above dried decayed wood ,
Buried or chipped decayed wood in the dry state to be buried
The water content of the remains of the woody plant is buried in the breeding floor.
Lump or dry lumpy wood
The weight ratio of the woody plant remains in the anhydrous state was 0.80 or less at the start of breeding, and 1.00 after one month thereafter.
Hereafter, if it is maintained within the range of 1.35 or less at 2 months later and 1.60 or less at 3 months later, it will be a breeding method which is almost a means of solving the problem.

It is particularly desirable to bury the breeding floor
Lump or dry lumpy wood
The moisture content of the woody plant remains is buried in the breeding floor.
Lumpy or chipped decayed wood or wood in a dry state
The weight ratio of the plant remains in the anhydrous state was 0.15 to 0.60 at the start of breeding, and 0.3 at one month thereafter.
0 to 0.90, 0.35 to 1.1 after 2 months
The breeding bed is maintained in the range of 0.75 to 1.50 at 5 and 3 months later.

[0019]

In general, decay fungi generate considerable water in the culture medium, that is, in the breeding bed due to the biochemical action, particularly the hydrolysis action, as the hyphae grows. Briefly describing the operation and effect, the above breeding floor configuration,
The breeding method absorbs the generated water by the moisture absorbing means, so that the breeding floor is less likely to be in a wet state.

More specifically, this effect is as follows. Although wood material that has not decayed can absorb water into wooden ducts and tracheids, the wood fiber layer must retain a large amount of moisture. Can not. However, as the decay progresses, countless gaps are formed in the wood material, and the wood material becomes so-called porous, so that the hygroscopic power and the water retention ability are extremely good. Therefore, if it is a porous wood material, for example, a wood material that can be a medium material, such as peat moss, is also adjusted to a pH suitable for the growth of hyphae or beetle larvae, and if necessary is formed into a hard mass, the moisture absorption of the present invention can be achieved. It can be a means.

Absolutely dry decay wood can contain 4 to 5 times the water content of its dry weight, but in the case of wood that has not progressed decay, it gradually decays in the breeding-floor container. The chemical action involves hydrolysis. Therefore, extra water is generated in addition to the water generated by hyphal growth, so that it is somewhat unsuitable as the moisture absorbing means of the present invention.

However, the decayed wood material lacks the nutrients necessary for the decay fungi used in the present invention to grow smoothly, and the degree of decay remains small accordingly. Since a small amount of water is produced, it can be an effective moisture absorbing means in the present invention. By the way,
The mycelium in the wood material also has a large number of minute gaps therein, so that it can well retain moisture.

In the present invention, at least two types of typical examples of the breeding floor for pre-emergent beetles can be given.

First, a flour, bran, amino acids, vitamins, minerals and the like are added to wood flour as an added nutrient, and the mixture is humidified with an appropriate amount of water to form a culture medium.

The decay material used in the present invention is obtained by inoculating broadleaf wood such as oak, oak, oak, oak, hornbeam, beech, and enoki with rot fungi such as oyster mushroom, shiitake mushroom, enokitake mushroom, nameko mushroom, kawaratake mushroom and the like. The fungi of these fungi have grown sufficiently in wood and the degree of decay has advanced.
It is preferable to use a fungus fruiting body which is generated from decayed material one to several times and harvested. Wood materials of such advanced decay degree, so-called decay materials, are dried so that the moisture content of the decay materials is reduced to 70 to 90% by dry weight ratio of the decay materials.

The decay material thus obtained is cut into a size that can be accommodated in a container, placed below the container, and the side and upper surfaces thereof are filled with the above-mentioned medium. The container serving as the breeding box of the breeding floor of the present invention is preferably a heat-resistant one with a filter. After heat sterilization / cooling, the above medium is inoculated with the decay fungi used in the present invention, and the mycelium is cultured under an appropriate environment.
After about 120 days, when the growth of mycelia has progressed to such an extent that the fruit body or fruit body primordia is visually recognized, this is used as a breeding bed for pre-emergence beetles. .

The second method is to use the bacteria cultured in the above-mentioned medium as they are. As the decay material, a dry decay material is used as in the case of the first method. The decay material used here is heat-sterilized separately from the culture medium, and after cooling, put the separately decayed dry decay material in a container sterilized in a sterile room at the bottom, and on the side and upper part, the hyphal mass with advanced mycelium growth And then used as a breeding bed for pre-emergence beetles at a point after the cultivation period of 20 to 30 days has elapsed.

The pre-larvae of the pre-emergence beetle, so-called larvae,
When transplanted to the above breeding bed and the environmental conditions and the like are adjusted to those suitable for growth, the mushroom mycelia abundantly present in the breeding bed are eaten and grow smoothly. This is because the mushroom mycelium contains a large amount of nutrients necessary for larval growth.

During the larval growth process, the mushroom mycelium hydrolyzes wood flour and starch as a biochemical action accompanying its growth, producing a large amount of water as a final product, and the water supersaturation in the container. In other words, an infiltration state appears. Under such water-infiltration conditions, beetle larvae often die due to insufficiency of eclosion, respiratory failure, propagation of pathogenic microorganisms, etc. during the process of becoming pupae to adults.

The inventor of the present invention has proposed such water supersaturation,
How to avoid infiltration,
In addition, as a result of repeated research on what kind of moist environment of the breeding bed for the beetle larva to grow smoothly, put the dry decay material under the mycelium culture,
The idea was to solve the water supersaturation by absorbing the water created by biochemical changes in the breeding bed into the dry decay material, and to integrate this dry decay material with the mushroom fungus culture, It has been found that if the water content of is approximately 70 to 90% by weight or less, the physiological environment of larva rearing can be maintained and larvae can be prevented from being killed. The present invention has completed this discovery as an industrially usable invention.

[0031] embedded in breeding bed for the typical example of the dry rot wood
No lumpy or chip-like rotten wood in dry condition
The moisture content of the woody plant remains shall be buried in the breeding floor.
Dry or lumpy or chipped decayed wood or wood
In the anhydrous state a weight ratio of quality plant remains, 0.80 or less at the time of start of feeding, 1.00 or less at the time after one month thereafter, 1.35 or less at the time after 2 months, 1.60 at a time point after 3 months If it is maintained in the range, it is almost in line with the above findings, and ideally, dry lumpy or chipped decay buried in the breeding floor
Moisture content of the wood to woody plants corpses, in the breeding bed
Buried or chipped decayed wood in the dry state to be buried
The weight ratio of the carcass woody plant in the anhydrous state was 0.80 or less at the start of breeding and 1.0 at 1 month later.
It should be maintained in the range of 0 or less, 1.35 or less at 2 months, and 1.60 or less at 3 months. Maintaining such a breeding floor environment is at room temperature,
If the size of the breeding floor container and the amount of the medium to be the breeding floor are appropriately selected, it can be achieved easily and simply. The example of the moisture absorbing means typically used in the present invention is a lump or chip-shaped dry decay material, but such hard woody material only has an effect as a moisture absorbing means in a breeding floor. However, a second remarkable effect is further exhibited. Such a hard wood material is poor in nutrients necessary for the growth of the larvae, but is eaten by the larvae, and has the effect of two birds with one stone because mushroom hypha grows vertically and horizontally in the decayed wood.

Not only this effect but also a more remarkable effect is that if the larva eats such a massive or chipped decayed tree or woody plant remains, that is, hard woody material, the larvae's feeding momentum also decreases. The development of the jaw and the body width is also improved, so that the formation of the horns and jaws of the adult after emergence becomes very good. As a result, a remarkable adult having a horn and a jaw comparable to that of a naturally occurring insect and having a considerable body length and a wide body width can be obtained.

In this way, if the moist environment in the breeding bed is maintained, the medium will not be weakened, and physical fluctuations in the medium due to the growth of hyphae, or physical fluctuations in the medium during transport will also occur. Because it is suppressed, the late larvae of the pre-emergence beetle,
That is, during the pupal process, the impact and pressure on the pupal chamber are suppressed,
The degree of malformation of post-emergent adults, which tends to occur in the past, also decreases.

In order to instinctively avoid the harmful impact on the pupal chamber as described above during the pupa stage, larvae of beetles such as stag beetles generally use the pupal chamber as a wall of a breeding box or the like in the prior art. It is often formed in contact with the hard part, but in the present invention, if hard wood such as decayed wood has a sinus part slightly larger than the pupa room, it will cause malformation of adults. Physical impact is also less likely to be applied to the interior of the sinus, making it an excellent pupal chamber formation for larvae.

[0035]

【Example】

(First Example) For decayed wood buried in the breeding floor used in this example, a log of oak mushroom having a diameter of 6 to 7 cm was used as a shiitake mushroom tree, and this was inoculated with shiitake mushrooms. After a lapse of 16 months, the water was inundated four times, and the rot having sufficiently decayed (50 to 60% in water content) was sliced into 5 cm lengths and dried. And dried with a body dry weight water content ratio of 0.25.
Before and after.

In this example, the medium serving as a base for the breeding bed was 10% wheat flour and 5%
% Bran and 0.05% sodium glutamate were added to adjust the water content to 60%. A heat-resistant 1-liter polypropylene container is placed at the bottom with dried decayed wood obtained by drying the above-mentioned oak tree, filled with the above medium on its side and top, sterilized by heating, cooled, and inoculated with Pleurotus fungus After culturing for 2 months in an appropriate environment, the breeding bed of this example was used. FIG. 1 is a schematic perspective view showing an aspect of the present example during rearing larvae.

[0037]

[Table 1]

[0038]

[Table 2]

With regard to the breeding floor of this embodiment having such a configuration,
The graph in Table 1 shows the change in the moisture content of the dry decay material buried in the breeding floor. The graph in Table 2 is
In addition to the comparison with the breeding floor of the present example, the change of the moisture content ratio of the decay material of the breeding floor in which the non-dry decay material is buried is also examined. The temperature environment is 23 ° C. in all cases.

As shown in Tables 1 and 2, water is generated in the breeding bed by the hydrolytic action of mycelial growth, and the process in which the decay material absorbs the produced water is clearly recognized. As shown in Table 1, the dry decayed material buried group showed good moisture absorption for almost 6 months after its completion as a breeding floor, and even after 6 months, the infiltration in the breeding floor was noticeable. No condition was noted.

On the other hand, in the non-dry decayed wood buried group, the process of decreasing the water absorption capacity from 4 months after completion as a breeding bed was confirmed, and after 6 months, it became almost supersaturated. In the water supersaturated state, the infiltration level of excess water in the breeding bed was clearly increased.

As shown in FIG. 1, the breeding bed 1 of the present embodiment has a medium material 2, a buried dried decayed tree 3 and a grown mushroom mycelium 4a of oyster mushroom, as shown in FIG.
It is composed of The dry decayed wood 3 has a cave 3a. Also, on the surface of the breeding bed 1, the fruit body primordium 4 of Oyster mushroom
The formation of b is observed.

The breeding floor 1 is filled into a breeding container 5 which is a 1-liter container made of heat-resistant polypropylene in the form of a wide-mouth bottle, from about 8 minutes to about 9 minutes, and a dry decay material 3 is placed below the breeding floor. Has been established. The breeding container 5 includes a lid 6 with a filter.

The pre-emergent beetle larva transplanted to this breeding bed is a stag beetle larva S. Not only the stag beetle larva but the stag beetle larvae prefer to eat hard wood, and therefore often hide inside the rotten wood 3 as shown in FIG. However, the oyster mushroom mycelium 4 and the medium material 2 serve as excellent bait for the stag beetle larva S, so that the stag beetle larva S moves vertically and horizontally in the breeding bed.

The other breeding environment, temperature, darkness and humidity are based on the general breeding method for stag beetles.

In the control group for confirming the effect of the present invention, a medium consisting of only a medium inoculated with an oyster mushroom inoculum and grown hyphae without embedding decay material as described above was used.
Culture was carried out in the same manner for 2 months and used as a breeding bed of the conventional example.

[0047]

[Table 3]

Table 3 shows that black stag beetle (0.3 to 0.8 g)
Pre-emergence larvae, i.e., 30 larvae, at room temperature 18
After breeding at 6 ° C. for 6 months, as shown in FIG. 2, which is a schematic perspective view showing the state of the pupa, the pupa is pupated in the sinusoid 3a, and then the pupa T is raised to room temperature at 25 ° C. This is the result of the adult. However, whether or not a pupal chamber is formed in the sinus 3a depends on the individual. In many cases, a pupal chamber is formed on the wall surface of the breeding container 5.

As shown in Table 3, the survival rate of the stag beetle was higher in the decayed wood buried group, and the adult malformation rate was lower. Has been verified.

However, on the surface of the breeding bed after the point of pupation, the larvae actively consumed the mycelium in the breeding bed. As shown in FIG. It is.

(Second Example) In this example, a log of 8-9 cm in diameter was used as a log, and P. mushrooms were inoculated on the logs and cultured for 8 months. What was harvested was used as decay material buried in the breeding floor.
This decayed material was cut to a length of 9 cm (water content to decay material dry weight ratio of 0.90 to 1.10), that is, the normally decayed material and the decayed material were similarly cut and dried (including the decayed material). The ratio of the amount of water to the dry weight of the decay material was 0.20 to 0.25), that is, the dry decay material was used as the moisture absorbing means or the buried wood material. These decay materials were used after sterilization.

On the other hand, with respect to the culture medium of Pleurotus ostreatus,
Kunugi = 1: 1 wood flour, 10% flour and 5
% Bran, 0.05% sodium glutamate,
Water was added so that the water content became 60%, and this was used as a medium. After heat sterilization and cooling of this medium, Pleurotus ostreatus was inoculated and cultured for 2 months in an appropriate environment to grow hyphae to obtain a mycelium culture.

Separately from these bacterial cultures, they are placed in a sterile 2.0-liter container in a sterile room below the above two types of sterilized decay material, a normal decay material and a dry decay material. In this embodiment, after filling the above-mentioned mycelium culture on the side and upper part, the culture is further re-cultured for 20 days, and then used as a pre-emergent beetle larva breeding bed. As a control group of these two examples, only a fungus culture containing no decay material was prepared and similarly used as a pre-emergence beetle larva breeding floor, and used as a means for verifying the effect of the present example.

In the present example, 20 larvae (3-5 g) of the stag beetle were used as pre-emergence beetle larvae.
After breeding at room temperature of 7 ° C. for 7 months, the room temperature was raised to 25 ° C. and bred to pupae, and then they were feathered to obtain adults. Table 4 shows the results. During the breeding period, the state of water in the container was also observed at the same time.

The breeding floor, larvae, and pupation during breeding in this example are the same as in Example 1,
It is almost the same as that shown in FIG. Needless to say, the pupal chamber is not limited to the sinusoid 3a.

[0056]

[Table 4]

As shown in Table 4, in the case of the control group of this example, many cases died without emergence. In addition, many adults having adult wings and legs with malformation were observed after the emergence.

In this example, the state of water accumulation in the breeding container 5 was observed for each of the control group, the decayed material buried group, and the dried decayed material buried group. Moisture infiltration was observed up to a point. In the normal decayed material buried group, 13 out of 20 cases had water accumulated in the middle of the breeding container 5. On the other hand, in the dry decayed material buried group, only seven cases in which a small amount of water infiltration was observed at the lower part of the rearing container 5 were observed.

When the inside of the pupa chamber was observed, the control group had very high water content and was liable to collapse because of the fragility of the breeding floor. The pupal chamber was found to be dry.

From this fact, it is inferred that during the period when the stag beetle becomes an adult from the pupa, that is, before and after emergence, excess water in the pupa chamber greatly affects the high mortality and the high incidence of malformation. Was.

[0061]

[Table 5]

Table 5 shows the results of measuring the lateral width (maximum length portion) of the adult bodies, which were selected from adult male adults having the same total length. It was verified that the adults in both decayed wood burial areas became wide and solid adults.

As described above in detail, according to the breeding bed and method of the present invention, the beetle, especially the stag beetle larvae, can be stably treated by a simple method without causing death or malformation. The present invention provides a breeding floor and a breeding method for obtaining a good-sized adult having a considerable width and a large body width while eclosing.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a schematic perspective view showing a mode of rearing larvae during rearing of beetle larvae according to the first embodiment or the second embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a schematic perspective view showing a state of a pupa during breeding of beetle larvae of the first embodiment or the second embodiment of the present invention.

[Explanation of symbols]

 DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Breeding floor 2 Culture medium 3 Decay material or dry decayed wood 3a Sinusoid 4a Mushroom mycelium 4b Fruit body primordium 5 Breeding container 6 Filter lid S Stag beetle T Stag beetle pupa

Claims (5)

(57) [Claims] 1. A breeding floor emergence before beetles, plant remains or vegetable fibers disaggregated material, natural soil or artificial soil, additives, nutrients, a mushroom mycelium medium composed of water or the like, this
Filled with records in the shielding can be container, oyster mushrooms in said medium,
To cultivate inoculated mycelia rot mushrooms inoculum such as shiitake, without drilling the pooled water removing hole in the bottom of the container, and備設moisture absorption means container under the breeding bed, the rearing bed
Lumps or chipped decayed wood or woody plant remains
And the lumpy or chip-like rotten wood or
Emerging woody plant remains are porous wood materials that are highly hygroscopic
The above-mentioned massive or chipped decay on the breeding floor of the beetle
If the body of a tree or woody plant is dried,
Lump or chip-like rotten wood or wood in the dry state
A breeding floor for pre-emergent beetles, wherein a plant remains constitutes the moisture absorbing means . 2. A porous wood material, breeding floor emergence before beetles according to claim 1, characterized in that it has a slightly larger Horajo portion from beetle pupa chamber. 3. The breeding floor for pre-emergent beetles according to claim 1 , wherein the bred pre-emergent beetles are stag beetles. 4. A mushroom mycelium medium composed of plant remains or plant fiber disintegration, natural or artificial soil, additives, nutrients, moisture, etc., is filled in a shieldable container, and the oyster mushroom, shiitake mushroom is contained in the medium. Inoculated with a rotten mushroom inoculum such as, and grown mycelia at an appropriate culture temperature, transplanted beetle larvae that had just hatched to the breeding floor thus produced,
In breeding methods emergence before beetles to breed at appropriate breeding temperature, a structure according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the breeding floor, human
Inoculation of rot mushroom inoculum such as rachitake and shiitake mushrooms and ripening in an appropriate environment, that is, good growth of mycelia, and the start of breeding, i.e., beetle, at the time when the occurrence of fruiting bodies or the formation of fruiting body primordia became visible Claim 1
Is a dry, lumpy burial buried in the breeding floor described in 2.
The water content of the chip-shaped decayed wood or the woody plant remains in the anhydrous weight ratio of the buried material in the breeding bed is 0.80 or less at the start of breeding, and 1.00 or less at one month thereafter. 1.35 or less 3 months later, 3
A method for breeding pre-emergent beetles, characterized in that the composition is maintained at a range of 1.60 or less as of a month later. 5. The embedded to claim 1 or 2 breeding bed according
Lump or dry lumpy wood
The moisture content of the woody plant remains is buried in the breeding floor.
Lumpy or chipped decayed wood or wood in a dry state
The weight ratio of the plant remains in the anhydrous state was 0.15 to 0.60 at the start of breeding, and 0.3 at one month thereafter.
0 to 0.90, 0.35 to 1.1 after 2 months
The method for breeding pre-emergent beetles according to claim 4, characterized in that the composition is maintained in the range of 0.75 to 1.50 at 5 or 3 months later.