JPH01277426A - Production of artificial tree for germinating lentinus edodes - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To obtain artificial trees for germinating and growing Lentinus edodes having stable germination of Lentinus edodes and high microbial resistance, by sprinkling water upon culture hypha lump in a container under specific conditions at divided two stages. CONSTITUTION:(a) Water is continuously sprinkled upon culture hypha lump taken out from a container for a fixed period while maintaining a state wherein water is falling from the surface of hypha lump and then (b) water is gently sprinkled upon the culture hypha lump for a fixed period in such a way that the weight of hypha lump becomes <=1.5 as much as the initial weight (state before water sprinkling (a)) to give artificial tress for germinating and growing Lentinus edodes. In the above-mentioned water sprinkling, preferably water spraying is continuously carried out for a week or a month in the case of (a) and preferably water spraying is effected once or several times daily for one -two months. The two kinds of water sprinkling are preferably carried out while mentaining the hypha lump at 18-28 deg.C.

Description

[Detailed Description of the Invention] [Industrial Application Field] The present invention relates to a method for producing fully ripened artificial shiitake mushrooms that can produce a large amount of high-quality shiitake mushrooms.

[Prior art] In general, Shiitake cultivation involves inoculating Shiitake logs with inoculum, covering them with grass, como, etc. to prevent direct contact with the outside air.
This is done by promoting the growth of mycelium in this state (temporarily laying down), spreading the Shiitake fungus species, creating crosspieces, and spreading these crosspieces in appropriate locations to allow mycelium to grow and mushrooms. However, with such conventional methods of cultivating shiitake mushrooms, it has become difficult to supply them due to a decrease in shiitake logs, and a long cultivation period is required, so there is a desire to shorten the cultivation period.

Furthermore, problems such as the complexity of work caused by agricultural production as described above have also arisen. In order to solve this problem, it has been considered to produce artificial mulberry trees using sawdust and the like, and to use these to cultivate shiitake mushrooms. However, Shiitake is Hiratake.

Unlike mushrooms such as enoki, nameko, and tamogi, which have been successfully cultivated in fungus beds, it is difficult to cultivate artificial mushrooms, and there is currently no industrially established technology.

[Problem that the invention seeks to solve]

Conventional methods for cultivating artificial mulberry trees include: Filling a bottle with sawdust, inoculating the bacteria with bacteria, sealing the bottle, culturing, producing a white soft mycelial mass, and removing the produced mycelial mass from the bottle. There is a method of turning the mycelial mass into artificial mulch by placing it in a polyethylene bag, sealing it, and leaving it for about a week, thereby partially changing the surface layer of the mycelial mass into a hard brown bump. The artificial hollywood obtained by this method is taken out of the bag and given a low-temperature seedling, for example, by immersing it in low-temperature water, to cause it to sprout. According to this method, browning of the surface of the mycelial mass is insufficient, so the surface is easily softened and rot due to contamination with various bacteria is likely to occur, so there is a problem that there are few mushrooms and it is not stable. Also, as another method,
■As disclosed in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 56-439726, a container is filled with a culture medium mainly made of sawdust, etc., a seed culture is inoculated and cultured, and the culture medium in the form of a lump is taken out from the container and the seed culture medium is used. Cut the side of the inoculation, join the cut surfaces together and join multiple culture media, and in this state, drop water continuously onto the joined culture media, or water for 1 hour every 5 hours (regular watering). The mycelium was allowed to grow for about 10 days at a temperature of 15 to 20'C, and the growing mycelium integrated the above-mentioned culture media, and the water was continuously added dropwise or at regular intervals for 2 to 5 to 3 months. There is a method of producing fully mature artificial mulberry trees for cultivating Shitarii by sprinkling water.

This method makes it possible to obtain large-sized artificial hollywood that is easy to handle, but because the culture medium is cut and two pieces are joined, the rate of contamination with harmful bacteria at the joint is high. In addition, continuous dripping or periodic watering is performed in this state, but this method does not provide enough water to the mycelial mass, resulting in the mycelial mass drying out, or the activity of the mycelium decreasing, causing parts of the mycelial mass to become dry. The problem is that there are many defective artificial trees that have missing parts or are completely rotten, and the manufacturing efficiency of artificial trees is extremely low.
Ru. Although the conventional method of cultivating shiitake mushrooms using artificial logs has these drawbacks, compared to the conventional method of cultivating shiitake mushrooms using shiitake logs, it can shorten the cultivation period and at the same time facilitate industrial production. It is promising in terms of its feasibility.

This invention focuses on the advantages of the conventional method of manufacturing artificial mulch and further improves it to produce shiitake mushroom crossbars that are stable in mushroom growth and highly resistant to harmful bacteria. Its purpose is to provide a method.

[Means for Solving the Problems] In order to achieve the above-mentioned object, the method for producing artificial shiitake mushrooms according to the present invention involves creating a condition in which water flows down from the surface of the container-cultured mycelial mass taken out from the container. Watering is applied continuously for a certain period of time to maintain the same amount of water, and then a second period of watering is applied for a certain period of time so that the weight of the mycelial mass is 1.5 times or less than the initial weight.
The system consists of sprinkling water.

[Operation] The present inventors have solved the instability of mushrooms by the conventional methods,
In order to investigate the cause of low bacterial resistance, mycelial masses were produced as follows. That is, a solid medium mixed with sawdust, rice bran, bran, etc. is filled into a container such as a polypropylene bottle or polypropylene bag and sterilized by heat, followed by inoculation with seed bacteria and the optimum temperature for mycelial culture (20 to 26"C).
), the mycelium was cultured for 1 to 2 months, and after the mycelium had spread within the medium, the growing mycelial mass was taken out. In this case, to remove the soft and easily damaged mycelial mass, either 1) gently remove it from the container without damaging it, or 2) over-cultivate it in the container even after the mycelium has spread, resulting in a white mycelial layer with irregularities on the surface of the mycelial mass. was formed, and the protective action of this mycelial layer prevented damage to the surface of the mycelium mass. Instead of continuously dropping water or periodically (intermittently) sprinkling water on the mycelial mass taken out from the container etc. in this way, water is allowed to flow down from the surface of the mycelial mass. When continuous watering (shower-like watering) is applied for a certain period of time to maintain the condition, the harmful bacteria that have settled on the surface of the mycelial mass are washed away, and the activity of the mycelium increases and the browning of the surface of the mycelial mass progresses. As the surface hardness increases, resistance to harmful bacteria increases and the moisture content of the mycelial mass becomes more appropriate. Following this, gentle watering (watering performed while keeping the weight of the mycelial mass below 1.5 times the initial U + weight so as not to leave excess water in the mycelial mass) will result in the surface of the mycelial mass being This prevents drying and decomposes the lignin in the mycelial mass, greatly promoting the absorption of nutrients necessary for mushroom growth. That is, the present inventors have discovered that when the mycelial mass is watered in two stages as described above, the stability of the mushrooms and the resistance to harmful bacteria are extremely high, and the present invention has been achieved. In addition, in this invention, "cultured mycelial mass" means a fungal bed in which mycelium is spread in a culture medium.

Next, this invention will be explained in detail.

In this invention, a solid medium is prepared by mixing sawdust, rice bran, bran, etc., and this solid medium is filled into a container such as a polypropylene bottle or bag and sterilized by heating. Next, inoculate the seed fungus and incubate for 1 to 2 hours at the optimal temperature for mycelial culture (20 to 26°C).
The mycelium is cultured for a month, and after the mycelium has spread within the medium, it is removed from the container. The mycelium mass is then continuously watered for a certain period of time, and then gently watered for a certain period of time. When watering, arrange the mycelial masses 1 on the shelf 2 in Figure 1, and
Water is sprinkled on the surface of the mycelial mass 1 so that water droplets are uniformly applied from the direction of the mycelial mass 1 using a water sprinkler such as a sprinkler or a water spray nozzle 3 (FIG. 1). Continuous 11-day watering is done by letting water flow down like a shower, and the mycelium mass is kept at 15-28°C.
7. Preferably, the temperature is maintained at 20 to 25°C, and the water sprinkled on the surface of the mycelial mass does not stay for too long.
It is desirable to do this for 1 day to 1 month. Continuous watering may be carried out in such a way that the water sprinkled on the surface of the mycelial mass does not stay there for too long. Therefore, instead of literal continuous watering, a cycle of dispersing water 40 times and stopping for 20 minutes may be repeated. -F Continuous watering may be carried out by keeping the ambient temperature at the above temperature to maintain the temperature of the mycelial mass, or by setting the temperature of the water used for watering to the above temperature. The temperature of the mass may be maintained at the above temperature. Continuous watering in the first stage cleans the surface of the mycelial mass 1 and increases the activity of the mycelium, so that even if aerial spores of harmful bacteria fly, they will be washed away, or even if they adhere, they will not be removed from the mycelial mass. Together with the new mycelial layer on the surface, the adhesion and activation of harmful bacteria to the mycelial mass 1 is prevented. In addition, the continuous watering activates the hyphae and promotes browning of the surface of the hyphae mass, turning the initially white hyphae mass into brownish-brown color and increasing the surface hardness of the hyphae mass. In this way, the surface becomes brown (
The mycelial mass that has become a bark is in a state where it is difficult for water to penetrate into the inside thereof, and the moisture content can be achieved without damaging the mycelial mass by the water droplets caused by the above-mentioned continuous watering. In addition, as described above, by continuously watering for a certain period of time, the activity of the mycelia in the mycelial mass 1 increases and the resistance to harmful bacteria increases. However, if continuous watering is continued for too long, water will permeate into the mycelial mass and the water content will become too high, softening the whole mass and reducing its resistance to harmful bacteria. Therefore, in this invention, after performing the above-mentioned continuous watering for a certain period of time, gentle watering is applied so that the mycelial mass does not absorb much water (the weight of the mycelial mass is 1% of the initial weight).
．． In this process, the mycelial mass maintains appropriate moisture content, promotes lignin decomposition in the medium, and improves the activity of fruiting body development. This gentle water sprinkling is performed by continuously dropping water or by regular water sprinkling (water sprinkling once a day for a predetermined time, or water sprinkling at regular intervals).

By dividing the watering into two stages in this manner, an artificial hollywood tree with extremely high bacterial resistance and a high mushrooming rate can be obtained, which is a feature of the present invention. -] 22 When using gentle watering, as in the case of continuous watering, the mycelium mass will be 15
Maintain a temperature of ~28°C, preferably 20-25°C,
And the mycelial mass weight (water absorption state weight) is 1.5 times or less of the initial weight of the mycelial mass itself (the same amount as continuous watering), preferably 0.
It is suitable to perform water sprinkling so that the amount increases by 6 to 1.2 times.

In particular, it is preferable to dissolve in the water used for the above-mentioned watering a substance that has an antibacterial effect, a substance that adjusts the hydrogen ion concentration (pfl), and a substance that serves as a nutrient source for shiitake mycelium, either alone or in appropriate combinations. Get results. That is, by dissolving the above ■ or ■, it is possible to effectively eliminate the harmful effects of contamination with harmful bacteria, and it becomes possible to obtain good Matsumoto plants that are not infected by harmful bacteria with a high yield. When the above-mentioned (2) is dissolved, the growth of mycelia is promoted, and it becomes possible to obtain good-quality Matsumoto with well-grown mycelium at a high yield. 1. Items (1) to (2) provide better effects when used in combination than when used alone, and it is practical to use them in combination.

As the antibacterial substance described in (iii) above, any substance can be used as long as it does not strongly inhibit the growth of Shiitage mycelia and has an antibacterial effect, but substances with an anti-Hatateria effect are particularly preferred. It is. As an example, hypochlorous acid trichloride J.

Zara powder, sugar ester, sorbic acid, thiahentasol, propylene glycol, propionic acid, streptomycin, dithianone (Merckplan hydrating agent),
Examples include henomyls (henlate hydrating agents), which can be used alone or in combination of two or more. When using the above-mentioned substance, it is desirable to dissolve the above-mentioned substance in water so that its concentration is diluted compared to the concentration at which the above-mentioned substance is normally used, and to mix this with the water used for watering. Then, water in which such substances are dissolved may be used constantly for watering, or water in which such substances are dissolved and water in which they are not dissolved may be used alternately.

Examples of the substance that adjusts the hydrogen ion concentration in 1. (2) include inorganic acids, organic acids, and their salts.

Examples include hydrochloric acid, citric acid, fumaric acid, lactic acid, acetic acid, humic acid, phosphates, sulfates, nitrates.

Examples include potassium salts. The appropriate pH range is pfl
2.5 to p117, preferably pl(4 to pH5
It is.

The substances that serve as nutritional sources for the shiitake mycelium in Section 1■ are as follows:
Examples include monosaccharides, oligosaccharides, salts containing various elements, vitamins, minerals, etc.

In addition, it is desirable that the browning of the surface of the mycelial mass in the first stage of the watering process is carried out on 95% or more of the surface of the mycelial mass. That is, by browning 95% or more of the surface area of the mycelial mass, the surface hardness of the mycelial mass increases and contamination with harmful bacteria can be effectively prevented. Furthermore, at the stage where the second stage of the above-mentioned watering process, which is the gentle watering, is finished, it is desirable that the lignin content (solid content) in the mycelial mass is 15% or less, preferably 5% to 13% of the weight of the mycelial mass. . The lignin in the mycelial mass is contained in wood such as sawdust in the solid medium raw material, and the fact that the lignin content in the mycelial mass is 15% or less means that the shiitake mycelium in the medium can sufficiently assimilate lignin ( This suggests that mycelium is proliferating and activating, and has an excellent effect on stabilizing mushrooms.

In the above explanation, the mycelial mass is immediately sprinkled with water after being taken out of the container, but if the mycelial mass is damaged when taken out from the container, place it in a closed room or other place. The bacteria are placed in a closed space, the humidity within the space is increased to saturation or near saturation, and culture is carried out for 3 to 10 days to allow new mycelium to heal the wound, followed by watering.

The artificial shiitake mushroom wood obtained as described above is water-sprayed and immersed in water to absorb water through known low-temperature stimulation, and treated in the same manner as matsumoto derived from general shiitake logs to produce mushrooms. It is.

〔Effect of the invention〕

As described above, this invention increases the resistance to harmful bacteria and effectively increases the absorption of nutrients necessary for mushroom growth by performing two-step watering on the mycelial mass taken out from the container. Therefore, the stability of the mushrooms and the stability of their quality can be greatly improved. Therefore, industrialization of artificial cultivation of shiitake mushrooms can be realized. Moreover, Shiitake cultivation using artificial inertia wood is more effective than cultivation using logs using logs.
Shiitake mushrooms can be cultivated in an extremely short period of time and at high yields, making it possible to have a stable supply of shiitake mushrooms. Furthermore, as in the case of cultivation using logs, it is not affected by the lack of logs at all, so it has the effect of not being subject to any constraints caused by shiitake logs.

Next, the present invention will be explained based on examples.

[Examples 1 to 4] Sawdust, rice bran, and fuzuma were mixed in a ratio of 8:1:1, water was added to this to create a medium, and this medium was filled into a 1 kg container made of polypropylene and filtered. I put on the cap. This was sterilized under pressure and high temperature at 121°C for 90 minutes, inoculated with Shiishi seedlings, and cultured at a temperature of 25°C. In this way, after culturing for two months, it was confirmed that the mycelia had spread, and the mycelial mass was removed from the container and an aerial mycelial layer was formed on the surface of the mycelial mass. Next, the mycelial mass obtained as described above was subjected to two-step watering as shown in Table 1 below to obtain a human I crosspiece. At this time, watering was performed by adjusting the atmospheric temperature to maintain the mycelium mass at 20 to 25°C.

(Margins below) [Comparative Examples 1 to 5] Mycelial masses obtained by taking them out of the container in the same manner as in Example 1 were watered as shown in Table 2 below.

(Left below) Lignin content of artificial oak trees obtained in the above examples and comparative examples, browning ratio of mycelial mass surface area, bacterial contamination rate of artificial oak trees during cultivation, and occurrence of mushrooms The yields are shown in Table 3.

Note that the lignin content was determined by an analysis method based on the JIS method. Further, the browning ratio of the surface area of the mycelial mass was determined by peeling off the surface of the mycelial mass and measuring the proportion of the brown portion in the surface area. Furthermore, the yield of mushrooms can be determined by cultivating artificial Shiitake mushrooms at a temperature of 8 to 18°C and dividing the production volume of Shiitake mushrooms harvested for 6 months by the total weight of the initial medium weight of the artificial cultivation. It was determined by

(Hereafter, extra white) 1 Yu”L□front (Performed with n=30) (Note) The initial weight was 1000g.

From the results in Table 3, it is clear that with the artificial trees obtained in Examples, the contamination rate of harmful bacteria in the artificial Shiitake mushrooms is low, and the effect of improving the incidence of Shiitake mushrooms can be obtained. On the other hand, in Comparative Example 1, watering was not performed in two stages, but only continuous watering, only gradual watering, or only continuous dripping watering was performed, resulting in poor results.

FIG. 3 is an explanatory diagram of watering a yarn mass.

Claims (6)

[Claims] (1) Water is continuously applied to the container-cultured mycelial mass taken out from the container for a certain period of time to maintain a state in which water flows down from the surface of the mycelial mass, and then the mass of mycelial mass is 1.5 times or less of the initial weight. A method for producing artificial shiitake mushroom wood, which is characterized by applying gentle watering for a certain period of time to achieve a weight of . (2) Continuous watering for a certain period of time to maintain a state in which water flows down from the surface of the mycelial mass is performed by continuously watering for a week or a month, and the weight of the mycelial mass is reduced to the initial weight. Claim (1): Sprinkling water for a certain period of time so that the weight becomes 1.5 times or less than The manufacturing method of the artificial shiitake mushroom tree described. (3) The above two types of watering lower the temperature of the mycelial mass to 18-28
The method for producing artificial shiitake mushroom mulch according to claim (1) or (2), which is carried out by keeping the shiitake mushroom at a temperature of .degree. (4) Claim (1) wherein the water used for watering contains dissolved at least one substance selected from the group consisting of a substance having antibacterial effect, a substance regulating hydrogen ion concentration, and a substance serving as a nutritional source for shiitake mushroom mycelia. ) to (3) The method for producing artificial shiitake mushroom mulch according to any one of (3). (5) The method for producing artificial mulberry wood according to any one of claims (1) to (4), wherein 95% or more of the surface of the mycelial mass treated with water is brown. (6) Claims (1) to (5) wherein the lignin content in the water-sprinkled mycelial mass is 15% by weight or less of the solid weight of the mycelial mass.
) The method for manufacturing artificial wood according to any of the above.