JP2013013358A - Method for culturing shiitake mushroom (lentinus edodes) with high-pressure water spraying - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a method for culturing a Shiitake mushroom (lentinus edodes) with high-pressure water spraying capable of reducing operation time per water spraying, performing the operation with a long time interval, and obtaining a uniform and high quality Shiitake mushroom.SOLUTION: The high quality Shiitake mushroom is uniformly obtained by: stimulating a surface of a mushroom bed 5 until the surface of the mushroom bed 5 turns to be blackish dark brown with high-pressure jet water 7 by a water spraying nozzle 2 in the period from when the surface of the mushroom bed 5 starts turning to be dark brown until when browning is completed after a mycelial pellet is generated on the mushroom bed 5 during culturing; repeating the operation until a fruit body is generated after leaving the operation for one day; and repeating to change the color of the surface of the mushroom bed 5 into blackish dark brown.

Description

  The present invention relates to a method for cultivating shiitake mushrooms using a fungus bed, and more particularly to a cultivation method for obtaining high-quality shiitake mushrooms.

Usually, as described in the artificial cultivation method of shiitake mushroom described in Patent Document 1 below, water spray on the fungus bed is performed for the purpose of preventing drying of the fungus bed when a brown film is formed on the surface of the fungus bed. It has been broken.
In recent years, water sprinkling has been performed on the mycelia before germination after the hyphae have spread, in order to obtain shiitake as an excellent product.

Shiitake mushrooms are said to be of excellent quality if the fruiting fungus has a perfect circle and thickness, and the upper surface of the fungus has a lot of white limpi specific to each variety.
In order to obtain such a high-quality fruit body, it is known that a good result is obtained when a brown film is formed on the entire fungus bed (referred to as browning).
Further, when the surface of the fungus bed is browned, (a) resistance to harmful fungi increases. (B) The influence directly received from the external environment such as drying and temperature is reduced. It is known to be useful for the cultivation of shiitake mushrooms.
As a method for promoting browning that is beneficial for cultivation in this way, there are conventionally methods such as “summer cut management” performed in the summer as described later, and “high temperature suppression watering management” performed any time of the year in air conditioning cultivation. It is the same that both of them are accompanied by a temperature and watering that are high enough to prevent the occurrence of shiitake mushrooms, even if they are fully ripe. Such a cultivation method is generally carried out during the period until the second occurrence without any treatment of the first generation mainly in the entire cultivation of the fungus bed.

JP-A-6-86610

The “summer cut management” is implemented at the time after the end of the rainy season from the end of July, when a midsummer day exceeding 25 ° C. lasts for a week. The work procedure is to cut the bag containing the fungus bed, invert the fungus bed for 4-7 days, place it upside down, turn it forward again, band it on the bag, and sprinkle and feed water on the top surface. Is repeated to generate a fruit body of Shiitake. Sprinkling performed at this time is usually performed twice a day with a drying time of 3 to 4 hours.
In the above-mentioned “high temperature suppression sprinkling management”, the temperature and the number of days are different depending on the cultivar in the air conditioning cultivation in the culture facility. For example, when Hokuken No. 607 is used as the inoculum, The film on the surface of the fungus bed is browned by repeated transpiration.
Such “summer cut management” and “high-temperature controlled watering management” reduce the number of first buds by eradicating the primordia made in the fungus bed at a high temperature, and prevent the deterioration of shiitake mushroom quality due to concentration. It will also be a thing.

However, the watering performed in the above “summer cut management” and “high temperature controlled watering management” is due to the weak pressure that the water pours onto the fungal bed by gravity, so the mycelia on the fungus bed surface are weakly stimulated and browning is also caused. Although the color was light brown, the color was light, the quality of the fruiting body was not improved so much, and the quality was uneven, and a uniform and high quality shiitake was not obtained. In addition, the watering operation has to be repeated twice a day, and it was not easy to do this every day.
In addition, in the method of the said patent document 1, sprinkling is only performed for the purpose of preventing drying similarly to the water immersion treatment, and it is intended to improve the quality of shiitake by giving germination stimulation to the mycelium by watering. is not.

  Therefore, the present invention can shorten the work time for one operation, can perform the work at a long interval, and the fungus umbrella is a perfect circle and thick, and the fungus umbrella. It is an object of the present invention to provide a high-pressure watering cultivation method for shiitake mushrooms, in which high-quality shiitake fruiting bodies having a large amount of white rimpi on the upper surface thereof are uniformly obtained.

  In order to achieve the above object, in the method of high pressure watering cultivation of shiitake mushroom according to claim 1, after the mycelium is generated in the mycelium in the culture, the browning is finished from the time when the fungus bed surface starts to turn brown The water having a pressure capable of changing the surface of the fungus bed to blackish brown is repeatedly given at intervals of 1 day or more.

In the invention described in claim 2, in the above invention is characterized in that the water pressure against the surface of the bacteria bed of high pressure water jet and ^{10g / cm 2 ~20g / cm 2} .

  In invention of Claim 2, the temperature of the water to be used was 10 degreeC-60 degreeC, It is characterized by the above-mentioned.

The present invention provides the surface color of the fungus bed by giving high-pressure spout water to the fungus bed after the mycelium is generated in the fungus bed in culture and before the fruiting body of shiitake mushroom is produced. However, by changing the color to brownish brown, which is darker than the color that changes to brown by the conventional method, a large number of high-quality shiitake fruiting bodies with a perfect circle with many limpies on the upper surface of the fungus can be obtained uniformly It became possible.
Further, the watering work by the high-pressure jet water of the present invention is one day in comparison with the watering work for preventing drying as in the prior art and the watering work in the above-mentioned “summer cut management” and “high temperature suppression watering management”. The work time and number of times have been greatly reduced, and the interval between work has become longer, which has made it possible to reduce cultivation costs and significantly improve productivity.

In the invention described in claim 2, the pressure of ^{10g / cm 2 ~20g / cm 2} , by giving against fungal bed, it is possible to change color to black brown reliably fungal bed surface, and the work Can be performed in an extremely short time.

  In the invention according to claim 3, by setting the temperature of the water to be used to 10 ° C to 60 ° C, it prevents the propagation of various germs caused by damaging the coating on the bacteria bed due to the high temperature of 60 ° C or higher. Moreover, it became possible to carry out systematic management so that harvesting was possible when it was desired to avoid germination by being stimulated at a low temperature of 10 ° C or lower.

It is a perspective view which shows the implementation state of this invention.

The medium of the shiitake fungus bed is made of hardwood chips, sawdust plus nutrients and water, and is usually formed in a rectangular block shape to a predetermined size.
The fungus bed is sterilized and cooled, and then cultured for an appropriate number of days in an appropriate culture temperature range for each variety. Then, the fungus bed is transferred to the generation temperature range to obtain the first fruiting body, and the first harvest is performed.

  As shown in FIG. 1, the method of high pressure watering cultivation of shiitake mushroom of the present invention is the time when browning is completed from the time when the mycelial mass is generated on the fungal bed 5 in the culture and the surface of the fungal bed 5 starts to turn brown. The surface of the fungus bed 5 is stimulated by the high-pressure jet water 7 from the watering nozzle 2 until the surface of the fungus bed 5 changes to blackish brown, and the work of giving this stimulus is repeated at intervals of one day or more.

  In this way, when the surface of the fungus bed is changed to black-brown color by giving the high-pressure squirt water 7, the fruit body of the high quality shiitake that is thick and round with a large amount of limpy on the upper surface of the fungus umbrella is even A lot can be obtained.

As shown in FIG. 1, the fungus bed is placed in a cultivation bag 6 in a fungus bed mounting shelf 10 that is installed in multiple upper and lower stages at a certain interval so as to obtain a space where water can be sprinkled. As it is, it is placed side by side on the fungus bed cultivation shelf 9 so that the adjacent fungus bed is at a constant interval.
The apparatus to be used is provided with a high-pressure water sprayer 1 operated by a lever 3 at the tip of a hose 4 for feeding high-pressure water to give the high-pressure spout water 7 to the fungus bed 5. The thing provided with the watering nozzle 2 which can be diffused is used.

  The watering nozzle can be of a type that extends circularly with respect to the fungus bed or a type that elongates in a linear shape. In addition to this, a water spray nozzle with many fine water spouts that can spray water over a certain area at once, or a tube that can be sprinkled wide in one direction by opening the water spouts on one side of a long pipe. A watering nozzle can also be used because it can spray water at a constant water pressure with respect to the fungus bed.

In addition, the high-pressure water sprayer 1 for obtaining high-pressure jet water can be, for example, a power sprayer used for cleaning the surface of an automobile with strong jet water.
In addition, in order to obtain squirting water with a constant water pressure for the fungus bed, a method of directly connecting the hose 4 equipped with a watering nozzle to tap water, or a hose equipped with a watering nozzle in a storage tank at a high position A method of connecting 4 is also possible.
At that time, when only a water pressure lower than the water pressure to be obtained can be obtained, a method in which a pressure pump is provided in the hose 4 to further increase the pressure of the water and send it to the watering nozzle is also possible.

  In addition, although the cultivation method shown in FIG. 1 is an upper surface cultivation method of a fungus bed, it is applicable also to the whole surface cultivation method which does not use the cultivation bag 6 in this invention.

  As shown in FIG. 1, the watering operation with high-pressure spout water is performed by holding the hose 4 with water in the left hand and the high-pressure water sprayer 1 provided at the tip of the hose 4 in the right hand. By operating the lever 3 provided in the high-pressure water sprayer 1, the high-pressure spray water 7 is directed from the watering nozzle 2 toward the fungus bed while passing from one side of the fungus bed surface to the other while watching the surface turn blackish brown. Go as you release.

In sprinkling that does not apply water pressure to the conventional general fungal bed, water sprayed when the fungus bed surface is dry, the batter bed surface repels water and the water immediately flows down from the fungus bed. .
However, in the present invention, water is forcedly injected from the surface of the fungus bed into the fungus bed at a high pressure with respect to the surface of the fungus bed that causes the water that has been pressurized to high pressure using the high-pressure water sprayer 1. Sprinkle water.
As a measure of watering, the surface of the fungus bed may be changed to blackish brown. It is not preferable to apply such a strong pressure that the surface film of the mycelium that spreads on the mycelium is peeled off, because the medium of the mycelium is damaged and a good fruiting body is not generated from the damaged portion.

  Although the color of the surface of the fungus bed is brownish brown, the brownish brown color changes at the same time as water is sprayed on the fungus bed with the high-pressure jet water 7, but this color is a brown color that looks almost black.

The color of this black brown color was examined for the difference in the color of the fungus bed surface between pressurized watering using high-pressure jet water and conventional watering so far. The results are shown in Table 1 below.
In the present invention, “black brown” is a color represented by the brown group 200A and the black groups 202A to 203A, as shown in Table 1 below, when a color chart of the Royal Horticultural Society is used.
In contrast, the colors obtained with non-pressurized watering were Gray Brown Group N199D, Gray Orange Group 177A, and Gray Orange Group 165A.
In this way, the color difference became clear.

In addition, it was examined how there was a difference in the surface of the fungus between pressurized watering and normal watering. The results are shown in Table 2 below.

In the case of normal watering in Table 2 above, the fungus bed surface looks like a tree, but this represents the appearance that the mycelium rises and looks yellow and fluffy.
On the other hand, in the case of pressurized watering, the surface discolored in black-brown color collapses some of the mycelium cells, and the broken cells stretch into the water so as to fill the space between the rising mycelia without collapse. It looks dark as if attached. When this is observed with the naked eye, "shine" due to light reflection is seen on the surface.
In this way, the surface of the fungus bed, which turned blackish brown, was clearly different from the brownish brown color.

As mentioned above, although it demonstrated that the discoloration to the black brown color of this invention differs from the conventional general browning, the operation | work performed by this invention is demonstrated continuously.
As shown in FIG. 1, the operation of discharging the high-pressure jet water toward the fungus bed to change the surface to blackish brown is repeated until a fruiting body is generated at intervals of one day or more.
Normally, high pressure watering is repeated many times after about 1 day, but it may be left for 2 days depending on the dry state. The standard is that the surface of the fungus bed turns dark brown with high-pressure watering, and then the fungus bed surface becomes lighter in color over time. This change in color increases in black and brown, brown, brown and ocher in order. This is because the white hyphae gradually spread on the surface of the fungus bed, and the color changes.
When the color returns to the original color before returning to the high pressure water spray, when the color returns to the original color, the fungus bed surface is changed to black brown again by the high pressure water spray. This is repeated in the present invention.

When this operation is stopped, the first fruiting body is generated, and the first harvesting is performed.
After that, in order to obtain the fruiting body twice or more, the work before giving the stimulus to the surface of the fungus bed changing to black-brown with high-pressure squirting water as before, the color before changing to black-brown Repeat one day while returning to.
When this operation is stopped, a second fruiting body is generated, and a second harvest is performed.

  In the present invention, by changing the surface of the fungus bed to black brown with high-pressure watering, it is possible to obtain a large number of thick and high-quality shiitake fruiting bodies having many limpies on the upper surface of the fungus umbrella. However, as a result of experiments conducted by the present inventors, many high-quality shiitake mushrooms were obtained many times as described above. The reason for this is under investigation.

(Water pressure test 1)
A water pressure measurement test was conducted to confirm the water pressure hitting the fungus bed.
The results are shown in Table 3 below.

In obtaining Table 3 above, the equipment used for the water pressure measurement test was a high pressure washer with a maximum discharge pressure of 7.5 MPa and a water faucet connected to a water spray nozzle for water hose, and the measurement was a maximum of 30 kg. Only two units for 500g and 500g were used. The platform was 13 cm wide, 16 cm long and had an area of 208 cm ² .
The shape of the water used for jetting was narrow and vertically narrow from the direct jet, and the diffusion width could be set to an arbitrary width.
The discharge pressure of the high-pressure jet water 7 sent to the watering nozzle 2 was constant. In tap water, the pressure was constant, and the tap water was also used for testing.

In addition, in the case of direct injection from a position with a height of 50 cm on the base plate for the 30 kg, the measurement showed a maximum water pressure of 900 g.
This was changed to a diffusion mode in which the diffusion width was gradually increased, but at a certain point, 900 g was constant with little change, and 700 g when diffused most widely.
In the water supply in the table, the watering nozzle 2 used was 150 g measured at a position 50 cm away from the base plate. Similarly, with water pressure, the hose was cut, and it was 40 g measured at a position 50 cm away from the base plate. In the case of these tap waters, since the water pressure was low, the water turned brown to brown, but did not turn to black brown.
150g when measured at a position apart 50cm upward from the base plate just stand is 0.72 g / cm ² when calculated as the area 208cm ² platform, it has been found that undesirable at this level of water pressure.

In addition, when the water pressure of 900 g from a position 50 cm away on the base plate is changed to a position 35 cm away from the base plate, the water pressure increases and the surface of the fungus bed becomes It became white and the mycelium peeled off.
Similarly, the surface of the microbial bed is whitened and peeled off at a position 40 cm above the base plate, which is not suitable for the present invention.

  In addition, when the water to be sprinkled is diffused, when the water pressure that is 900 g from a position 50 cm away on the base plate is switched to direct injection and sprayed on the fungus bed, The water pressure was strong enough to open a hole in the surface. At this water pressure, the surface of the concrete was strong enough to peel off the surface thinly.

(Water pressure test 2)
Another test was conducted to confirm the pressure of the high-pressure jet water against the fungus bed again.
The results are shown in Table 4 below.

The equipment used in the above test is a high pressure washer having a maximum discharge pressure of 7.5 MPa. For the measurement, only a table with a maximum of 2 kg was used.
The shape of the water used for jetting was a direct-injection nozzle in the uppermost stage, and a watering nozzle in the second and subsequent stages that was 2 cm wide and 22 cm long in length and diffused vertically.
In the uppermost stage, water was sprayed from the nozzle at a distance of 20 cm. The scale on the platform at this time was 1.1 kg, and a test was not performed because a hole was formed in the fungus bed and the fungus bed was destroyed.

In the case of the next distance of 19 cm, the scale was 1 kg. When this is divided by 44 cm ² which is the water spray area, the water pressure is 22.7 g / cm ² . The scale was 950 g at a distance of 30 cm on the third stage. When this is divided by 44 cm ² of the water spray area, the water pressure is 21.5 g / cm ² . Furthermore, the scale was 750 g at the lowest distance of 50 cm. When this is divided by 44 cm ² which is the water spray area, the water pressure is 17 g / cm ² .

Therefore, although the maximum 21.5 g / cm ^2, the variation of the mushroom bed of solids even in consideration is 2 g / cm ² was concluded to be the maximum.
In this experiment, the water pressure was checked to a minimum of 17 g / cm ² and the color was normally changed to blackish brown.
In addition, from the experiment of tap water, if it takes time even at a water pressure of 10 g / cm ² or less, the color changes to black brown. However, since it takes too much time, it is not preferable in terms of efficiency, so the lower limit of the present invention is set to 10 g / cm ² . .
Further, in the above water pressure test, when the water pressure is 0.72 g / cm ² , it cannot be used because it does not change color to blackish brown.

(Watering time test)
Next, the test about watering time was done.
In this test, since the upper surface of the fungus bed is 12 cm wide and 20 cm long, the time when water was uniformly sprayed from one end to the last end was measured with a stopwatch.
The equipment used for the test is a high pressure washer having a maximum discharge pressure of 7.5 MPa.
The results of this test are shown in Table 5 below.

At first, water sprayed slowly in 3.6 seconds. Still, the color changed to normal with blackish brown. Slowly went faster, but changed in 0.5 seconds.
In this test, in the lowest stage of 0.5 seconds, the stimulation occurs in an extremely short time of 0.025 seconds per 1 cm.
For this reason, in the method of the present invention, it is possible to work efficiently in a short time.

Next, the high pressure watering cultivation method of the shiitake mushroom of this invention is demonstrated in detail by a following example.
The high-pressure water sprinkler 1 is directly connected to a water tap so that high-pressure water 7 can be obtained from the water nozzle 2. The temperature of the groundwater used was 17 ° C.
As shown in FIG. 1, the water spraying operation of the high-pressure jet water 7 was carried by a worker with his / her hand and sprayed with high pressure while maintaining a certain distance from the fungus bed.

The water pressure was set to 12 g / cm ^2, and applied for 2 seconds to a fungus bed in which the width of one top surface was 12 cm and the length was 20 cm. At this time, water pressure was applied while visually observing the surface of the fungus bed surface until it turned black brown.
This operation was performed once a day after the mycelium was generated in the culturing mycelium 5 until the coating on the surface of the mycelium 5 changed from black to brown.
Then, this operation was repeated all day long, and the high-pressure watering operation was stopped and germination was started in 3 months.

In sprinkling without applying normal water pressure, the fungus bed dries in about half a day, so it has been common knowledge to spray water twice a day.
However, in the present invention, it takes 2 days to dry by sprinkling water at a high water pressure, and as a result, it has become possible to work for a long time during the day. Even when the fungus bed is submerged and the water is sufficiently contained in the inside, it is dried in about one day. Therefore, in the present invention, the mycelium that has turned black-brown becomes difficult to pass water. It is considered that water is kept for a long time because the surface of the fungus bed is covered to prevent the evaporation of water from the fungus bed surface while the film is dark brown.
On the second day after the high-pressure watering, the fungus bed is repeatedly dried, and the surface of the fungus bed returns to a light brown color. It is thought that water evaporates and drying proceeds.
As long as this film is blackish brown, the fungus bed is retained and water spraying is not required, so that the dispersed water work becomes easier.

Moreover, the temperature of the water to be used is preferably 10 to 60 ° C, and the optimum temperature is 20 ° C to 28 ° C.
The mycelium is not preferable because it is weak at high temperature and the surface of the mycelium is damaged when the temperature is 60 ° C. or higher, and as a result, miscellaneous bacteria may propagate and the mycelium of shiitake mushrooms may be killed. Moreover, when it becomes 10 degrees C or less, since generation | occurrence | production will start spontaneously when it becomes a cold temperature stimulus with water and wants to suppress generation | occurrence | production of a fruit body, it is unpreferable.
And once germination of shiitake mushrooms starts, the fruiting body is generated from the upper part of the fungus bed at the same time, and the fungus body has a thick and large umbrella, and high quality with many white limpies on the upper surface of the fungus Many shiitake mushrooms were obtained.

  In addition, in this invention, the container which puts the mycelia bed used for cultivation which obtains a fruit body from the upper part of a fungus bed has a synthetic resin bag container, a bottle, a box, etc., and any can be used.

  In addition, even when the harvesting is finished once and after the completion of the culture, high-quality shiitake can be obtained again by spraying the high-pressure jet water 7 on the upper part of the fungus bed.

  The present invention is a method for cultivating shiitake mushrooms that gives high-pressure spray water to the fungus bed, but even mushrooms of other varieties may be used if the high-pressure spray water is effective as a germination stimulus.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 High pressure water sprayer 2 Water sprinkling nozzle 3 Lever 4 Hose 5 Bacteria bed 6 Cultivation bag 7 High-pressure spout water 8 Black-brown fungus bed 9 Bacteria bed cultivation shelf 10 Bacteria bed mounting shelf

Claims (3)

  After the mycelium is generated in the mycelium in the culture, the water with the pressure that can change the surface of the fungus bed to blackish brown in the period from the time when the fungus bed surface begins to turn brown to the time when the browning ends A method of high pressure watering cultivation of shiitake mushrooms characterized by being repeatedly given. In the invention of Claim 1, the water pressure with respect to the surface of the microbial bed of high pressure spout water was 10-20 g / cm < ² >, The high pressure watering cultivation method of a shiitake mushroom characterized by the above-mentioned.   In the invention of Claim 1 or Claim 2, the temperature of the water to be used was 10-60 degreeC, The high pressure watering cultivation method of a shiitake mushroom characterized by the above-mentioned.

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